必修五unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1.have1)havesb/sthdosth“讓某人/物做某事”，賓語sb/sth和賓補(bǔ)do之間為主動(dòng).如：Mumoftenhasmehelpdosomehousework.2)havesb/sthdoingsth“讓某人/物一直/總是做某事“，賓語sb/sth和賓補(bǔ)do之間為主動(dòng)，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行.如：Don'thavethemachineworkingallthetime.3)havesb/sthdone“讓某人/物被...”,賓語sb/sth和賓補(bǔ)do之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系.如：Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.2.get1)getsb/sthtodosth"使得某人/物去做某事”，賓語sb/sth和賓補(bǔ)do之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生.如：Canyougetustodotheexperiment?你能讓我們做這個(gè)試驗(yàn)嗎？2)getsb/sthdoingsth"使得某人/物正在做某事"，賓語sb/sth和賓補(bǔ)do之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生.如：Hehasgotthecarstarting.3)getsb/sthdone"使得某人/物被...”,賓語sb/sth和賓補(bǔ)do之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系.如：Imustgetmybikerepaired.3.makemakesb/sthdosth"使得某人/物做某事”，賓語sb/sth和賓補(bǔ)do之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系.如：Hisjokemadeusalllaugh.Unit1Greatscientists?(v.)檢查(inspect,check)(vt.&vi.)推斷出，結(jié)束 (vt.)分析(n.analysis)-(vt.&n.)打?。粦?zhàn)勝，使受挫；失敗(beat)(vt.)出席，護(hù)理，照顧，參加 (vt.)暴露，揭露，使曝光(uncover,unmask,undress,reveal)—(vt.&n.)治愈，治療；痊愈(v.)控制(vt.)吸收，吸引；使專心(vt.&n)責(zé)備，譴責(zé)；過失，責(zé)備(criticize,scold,accuse反praise)(adv.)立即(n.&v.)把手；處理，操縱(dealwith) (vt.&vi.)貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)，捐助(v.)完成(finish)(vt.)拒絕，拋棄，不接受(refuse/abandon). 一(n.)特征，特性(adj.)嚴(yán)重的(serious),嚴(yán)厲的，劇烈的

(adj.)積極的，肯定的，確實(shí)的(同active/optimistic/supportive)(反negative,passive/pessimistic/opposed/objectto)(adj.)熱情的，熱心的⑺.enthusiasm)(adj.)小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的(n.caution)(be~about)1．得出結(jié)論2．提出3．另外,除了4．應(yīng)受到責(zé)備.對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的.將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來7．導(dǎo)致8．講得通，有意義9．使顯露，暴露有助于，導(dǎo)致全神貫注于Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.（5thline）此處everytime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whenever,指“每當(dāng) ”（狀元橋P116-117）可作連詞用的名詞詞組1，The+瞬間名詞（instant,minute,moment）2，The+序數(shù)詞（first,second ）+time,3，不定代詞（each,every,any）+time4，Theday（week,month,year, ）此外，有些副詞，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句,意為“一 就 ”Exercise:tohishometown（每次他回到家鄉(xiāng)）,hewillvisithisteacher.（come）（第一次我見到她），Ifellinlovewithher.（see）（你一按按鈕）,themachinewillstart.（moment）Hevisitedhisoldfriend（他到達(dá)的那一天）（arrive）HeturnedontheTV（他一回到家）（immediately）關(guān)于time的其他用法：1.forthefirsttime是介詞短語，作時(shí)間狀語，而thefirsttime是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句如：Imethiminthepartyforthefirsttime.2.It/This/Thatis/wasthefirsttimethat 如果用is,則從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如果用was,則用過去完成時(shí)如：Itisthefirsttimethat——————（我來到中國）Itwasthefirsttimethat （我見到他）3.Itis（high/abouttime）that 從句用一般過去時(shí)如：Itishightimethat （我們采取措施）toprotectourenviroment.（measure）measure）2.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.（25thline）表達(dá)“好像，似乎”的句型Itseems/appearsthat Itseems/appears/looksasif （真實(shí)/虛擬）Sb/sthseems/appearstodo/be sb/sthseems/appears+adj/n.（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Exercise:他似乎很聰明1, heisclever.He .He .2,Itseemsasif （天要下雨了）.3,Itseemedasifthepen（斷了）whenweputitinthewater,butactuallyitwasn’t.（break）（2012湖北真題）4,Thingsaren’talways （appear）.事情往往不是它們看上去那樣。4,Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.（5thline）Neither nor 既不 也不 謂..語遵循就近原則，類似的還有：either or Notonly butalso ,not but ,Therebe ,neither/nor為否定詞，置于句首時(shí)句子要部分倒裝Exercise:（狀元橋P116）5,Ifyoudon'ttakepartinthemeeting,（我也不參力口）.（neither）6,Infact,Ididn’tknowhistotalincome. （我也不在乎）howhismoneywasspent.（neither）7,Neithertheplayersnorthecoach victory,whichmaybethereasonfortheirloss.（confident）.8,Awoman,who ,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.（42ndline）So/such that 如此 以致于 So/such置于句首時(shí)要用部分倒裝如： （這個(gè)地方如此美麗）thatIwouldneverforgetit.（beautiful）havesthdone:讓某事被做或表示遭遇如：1. whereisyourcomputer? （我送去修了）inthecomputershop.（repair）2.我的錢包被偷了。 （steal）JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.（46thline）常用（should）+do在名詞性從句中構(gòu)成虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞一堅(jiān)持：insist二命令：order,command三建議：advise,suggest,propose四要求：request,require,demand,desire,（urge）如：1.Theteacherrequestedthatalltheexampapers （上交）tomorrow.（hand）Itwasadvisedthat （他保持健康的飲食）longtimeago,buthedidn’tlisten.（keep）concludevt.&vi.斷定，推斷；使結(jié)束，終止；達(dá)成，締結(jié)（con全部+clude玲全部關(guān)掉玲結(jié)論）includev包括（in進(jìn)入+clude玲關(guān)進(jìn)去玲包括）conclusionn.結(jié)束，結(jié)論inconclusion最后，總之=inaword=inshort/briefarriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論cometotheconclusionthat...所得結(jié)論是….Richardson fromhisstudiesthatgenderequalityisstillalongwayoff.（狀元橋P114）AaccountedBconcludedCresulted Dconfirmed. theearthquakeledtothegreatdisasterinJapan.（conclude）（狀元橋P114）結(jié)論是那次地震造成了日本的巨大災(zāi)難。defeatvt.打?。粦?zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗.（de去掉+feat功績好打?。钤獦騊114）de-表示"去掉，變壞，離開，變慢，向下”等destruction破壞（de+struct結(jié)構(gòu)；建造+ion好弄壞結(jié)構(gòu)好破壞） =destroydesalt除去鹽分（de+salt鹽玲去掉鹽分）dehydration脫水（de+hydration水分好脫水）deforest砍伐森林（de+forest森林玲去掉森林）devalue降低價(jià)值（de+value價(jià)值好去掉價(jià)值）depress壓制，壓抑（de+press壓玲向下壓好壓制）decode破譯（de+code密碼玲去掉密碼）defame誹謗，中傷（de+fame名聲好名聲變壞好誹謗）1,BeforeIdotheexperiment,theproblem meWhetherIshouldturntoBobforhelpbecausehemadesomeexperimentalmistakes,nearlyleadingtoafirelasttime.（狀元橋P114）AovercameBdefeatedCremovedDconquered,exposevt.暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面臨ex-表示"出，出去"expose暴露(ex+pose放好放出去玲暴露)exclude排外(ex+clude關(guān)閉玲關(guān)出去玲排外)exhale呼氣(ex+hale氣玲出氣好呼氣)(1)exposesth./sb./oneself(to...)顯露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己(2)exposedadj.(指地方)無遮蔽的；不遮擋風(fēng)雨的beexposedto暴露于……1,---whyareyousoangrywithme? Youareacually yourlittleboytopossibledangersbylettinghimplayfootballinthestreet.Adevoting BrelatingCapplying Dexposing2,Wewantto thekidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.Acause BattachCexpose Dlink (狀元橋P114)(暴露于陽光下)fortoolongwilldoharmtoyourskin.(expose) (暴露于陽光下)fortoolong,hisskingotburnt.(expose)attendvt.出席，照顧，護(hù)理，參加(1)attendameeting參加會(huì)議attendschool/class上學(xué)/上課attendalecture/amovie聽演講/看電影attendto處理；注意傾聽，專心于；照料(2)attendancen.出席，到場；出席人數(shù)Exercise:Imaybelate—Ihavegotoneortwothingsto (要處理).attend，join，takepartin/participatein(1)attend一般指參加會(huì)議、婚禮等；也可指上學(xué)、聽報(bào)告等。Mr.Wangattendedourclassmeeting.王老師參加了我們的班會(huì)。(2)join通常指加入某個(gè)組織，成為其中的一員；或用于句型joinsb.indoingsth.表示參與某項(xiàng)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。HejoinedthePartyin1950.他在1950年入了黨。(成為一名黨員)(3)takepartin/participatein常指參加一些群體性的、大型的、嚴(yán)肅的活動(dòng)或體育活動(dòng)。ShewasinvitedtotakepartinaTVdebate.她被邀請(qǐng)參加一場電視辯論。blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于n.過失；責(zé)備（1）blamesb.forsth.因某事而責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到某人頭上betoblame（for）應(yīng)受責(zé)備（2）get/accept/bear/taketheblamefor...對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人身上1,Thejudgelaidthe fortheaccidentonthedriverofthecar.Awrong bblameCmistake dpunishment.Itisyou,includingyourcousin,（應(yīng)受到責(zé)備）forthelossofthegoldenchance..Neverbefore hismistakes,butthistimeitisveryserious.之前我從未因他的錯(cuò)誤而責(zé)備他，但這次錯(cuò)誤太嚴(yán)重了。absorbvt.吸引，吸收，使專心于ab-,abs-表示"相反，變壞，離去”absorb吸收（ab+sorb吸收好吸收掉）abnormal反常的（ab+normal正常的好反常的）abuse濫用（ab+use用好用壞好濫用）absent缺席的（ab+sent出現(xiàn)玲沒有出現(xiàn)好缺席的）abstract抽象的；心不在焉的（abs+tract拉玲拉開好抽象的心不在焉）（1）beabsorbedindoingsth.專心做某事beburied/occupied/caught/trapped/o...把……吸收進(jìn)……⑵absorbedadj.全神貫注的，一心一意的absorbentadj.可吸收的，容易被吸收的Exercise: （專心于他的工作）,hedidn’tnoticeIwascoming.（absorb）contributevt.&vi.捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助Con-前綴表示全部contribute（con-tribute貢金，貢物玲貢獻(xiàn)）conclude結(jié)束；總結(jié)（con+clude關(guān)閉玲全部關(guān)閉玲結(jié)束）confirm堅(jiān)定；證實(shí)（con+firm堅(jiān)定）condense凝結(jié)；濃縮（con+dense濃密的）consolidate鞏固，加強(qiáng)（con+solid堅(jiān)固+ate玲鞏固，加強(qiáng)）Conflict沖突（con+flict打好一起打斗好沖突）（1）contribute...to...把……貢獻(xiàn)給……contributeto...導(dǎo)致……；向……投稿；有助于……（2）contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；稿件makeacontributionto（介詞）對(duì)……作出貢獻(xiàn)makeachievementstotogoodhealth.Properrestandenoughsleeptogoodhealth.AappealCcontributeAappealCcontributeBapplyDaccustom2.Manypeoplecontributedmoneytothepoorboy，which (contribute)許多人給這個(gè)可憐的小男孩捐錢,使他重新回到了校園．4.curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療；解決Cureapatient/adisease治愈病人、疾病curesb.of治愈某人的疾??；矯正某人的不良行為acureforsth.治療……的方法；對(duì)策1,Itisluckythatthedoctorhas thepaininmyshoulder.Icandoeverythingnow.BrestoredDcuredBrestoredDcuredCprevented辨析cure/treat/heal/recover⑴cure意為“治療；治愈”，多用于用藥物治療并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習(xí)氣。Thatpillcuredmyheadache.那藥治好了我的頭疼。(2)treat為日常用語，意為“治療；醫(yī)治”，指治療病人的全過程或活動(dòng)。(3)heal意為“治愈(傷口);醫(yī)治”，指治好外傷或燒傷后的患部，使傷口愈合，不用于治療感冒等疾病。Thewoundonmyarmhashealed.我胳膊上的傷已治好了。⑷recover意為“痊愈；復(fù)原”，主要是指從病中痊愈，常與from連用。He'snowfullyrecoveredfromhisbadcold.他現(xiàn)在已從重感冒完全康復(fù)了。9.putforward提出(comeup),建議；推薦；將……提前(狀元橋P115)putaside節(jié)省，儲(chǔ)蓄，儲(chǔ)存putaway放好，積蓄putback放回，撥回putdown記下，鎮(zhèn)壓putin放入，加進(jìn)putoff延期，推遲(delay)Puton穿上，上演Putout撲滅，熄滅，出版Putup 舉起，張貼，公布，搭建，掛起Putupwith=stand/bear/tolerate忍受putthrough接通電話.---Whyishefeelingdowntoday?---Becausethesuggestionhe hasbeenturneddown.AputoutBputoffCputdownDputforward.Thecitizensexpectsomenewplans（提出）bythelocalauthoritiestosolvetheproblemsoftrafficjam.（put）第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該題涂黑。Italwaysseemsthathavingtraditionsisagoodthing.Theycreate41thatwilllastalifetime.Sowhenourchildren,DavidandDarla,werepreschoolerswestartedafamilyChristmas42.Itwasourtree-trimming（裝飾）partyanditwouldbecompletewitheggnog（蛋奶酒）andpfeffernussecookies.Thekidswere43aswepulledthefreshly-cuttreeintothehouse.Itsmelledsogood.WewouldturnontheChristmas44andthetreetrimmingwouldbegin.Ourheartsseemedto45totherhythmoftheChristmassongs.Thekids/eyestwinkledwithexcitement.Itwasaheartwarming46.Whenfinished,wewouldsitenjoyingtheeggnogandpfeffernussecookies.Yearslater,whenmydaughter,Darla,washomefromcollege,she47tohelptrimthetree.Iwasso48.Beforewe49it,thetreetrimmingwasfinished.Itwasabeautifultreeandits50smellfilledtheroom.Aswehaddoneeveryyearbefore,Ibroughtouttheeggnogandthepfeffernussecookiesforourtraditional51.Then,amidstthelaughter,Darlasuddenlygotvery52andsaidshehadsomethingtotellme.Fromher53andbodylanguage,Iknewshewas54it.Shesatdownnexttome.Thenvery55andcaringly,Darlalookedatmeintheeyeandsaid,“Mom,I’ve56likedpfeffernussecookies.”ThenIrealizedtheabsoluteimportanceofwhatshehadjustsaid.Whydidn’tsheevertellme?Inallthosechildhoodyears,ratherthan57Mom'sfeelingsandspoilMom'stradition,shehadenduredthecookies58.Fromachild'sheart,yearafteryearafteryearshehadgivenmethegiftof59!Mydaughtertaughtmeaveryimportantlessoninlife:Thebest60aren'talwaysfoundundertheChristmastree.41.A.wondersB.situationsC.memoriesD.interests42.A.partyB.meetingC.habitD.tradition43.A.excitedB.curiousC.helpfulD.naughty44.A.lightsB.songsC.channelsD.programmes45.A.appealB.speakC.talkD.dance46.A.mealB.greetingC.eveningD.end47.A.offeredB.refusedC.neededD.remembered48.A.apologeticB.regretfulC.puzzledD.grateful49.A.cutB.knewC.recalledD.asked50.A.strangeB.commonC.pleasantD.unusual51.A.dinnerB.solutionC.behaviorD.celebration52.A.annoyedB.inspiredC.seriousD.impolite53.A.hesitationB.relaxationC.confidenceD.attention54.A.expectingB.fearingC.makingD.discovering55.A.urgentlyB.patientlyC.humorouslyD.gently56.A.everB.yetC.neverD.really57.A.careB.hurtC.readD.express58.A.silentlyB.painfullyC.graduallyD.unfairly59.A.lifeB.sightC.loveD.forgiveness60.A.cookiesB.relativesC.storiesD.gifts第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Mydearhusband,Iamsendingyouthisletterbye-mailsothatyouwillbesuretoreadit.Pleaseforgiveusforleaving,butIthinkyoushouldknow61hashappenedathomesinceyourcomputerenteredourlivestwoyearsago.Youjustspendalldayplayinggamesor62（chat）online.Afterall,boththekidsandIneedanormallifesowechosetoleave.Thechildrenaredoingwell.Tommyissevennowandheisabrightandhandsomeboy.Hehasdeveloped63greatinterestinarts.Youshouldbeveryproud64him.LittleJenniferturnedfiveinSeptember.65isanattractivechildandquitesmart.Shestillrememberstheday66youspentthewholeafternoonwithusonherbirthday.Nowwe67（take）atripandIhavetodothepacking.Ihavehiredahousekeepertotakecareofthingswhileweareaway.Ibelieveshecanputthings68order,fillyourcoffeecupandbringyourmealstoyourdesk,justthewayyoulikeit.Ihopeyouandthecomputerwillhavea69（love）timewhilewearenotathome.Tommy,JenniferandIwillmissyouoften.Trytorememberuswhileyourcomputerisbooting,orcallmeoncondition70youthinkwearemoreimportantthanthecomputer.Love,Yourwife第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（八），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均限一詞。2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Ihadanunusualexperiencetoday.Inthemorning,Iwaswalk