華南理工考研真題語(yǔ)言學(xué)和文學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

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華南理工大學(xué)

2009年攻讀入學(xué)考試試卷

（請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}紙上做答，試卷上做答無效，試后本卷必須與答題紙一同交回）科目名稱：語(yǔ)言學(xué)和英美文學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

適用專業(yè)：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)、外國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)

共10頁(yè)

PartOne

FundamentalsofLinguisticsandLi ture

（英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)和外國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)考生共答部分）

I.Definethefollowingtermsinyourownwords(20points)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

allophone

gr

ticalcategories

semanticfeaturesthematicroledialect

settingflashbacksonnet

monologue

10.irony

II.Answerthefollowingquestions(30points)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Canlinguisticsbejustifiedallbyitself?Whatisinternallanguage?

Arelinguistictheoriesusefulforlanguagelearning?

Whataresomeoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthefirst-

narration?

WhatarethefourShakespeare’sgreatesttragedies?Whatdotheyhaveincommon?

WhatisWashingtonIrving’scontributiontoAmericanli

ture?

PartTwo

TestforStudentsofLinguisticsandAppliedLinguistics

（外國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)考生必答部分）

Discussandcommentonthefollowingtopics(40points)

phonologicalrules

inflectionalmorphology

senseandreference

UniversalGr r

yzetheLanguagedataaccordingtotherequirements(60points)

DiagramthefollowingsentencebywayofIC- ysis(10points):

Havingfinishedty theletter,hewentintothenearbywoodsandtookalongwalk.

Drawabinarybranchinglabeledtreediagramforthefollowingsentences(10points):

Joemaybeafool,butheisnotathief.

FoolJoemaybe,butthiefheisnot.

yzethefollowingspeecheventintermsoftherelatedpragmatictheory(10points):(Prof.XiaandProf.GrahamaretalkinginProf.Xia’sstudy.)

X:Wouldyouliketohaveacupoftea?

G:ShouldIreplyinEnglishwayor way?

X:InEnglishway.

G:Then,yes.

X:TeainEnglishwayaswell?

G:No,in waythistime.

X:Jollygood.You’vesavedme.Justoutofmilk.

Ex intherulesandprinciplesunderlyingtheungr ticalityorinappropriatenessinvolvedinthefollowingsentences(15points):

*Theproblemsemergedinthisprocesshavebeensolvedbythe ernment.

*Beingonlyafive-minutewalktothevillage,therewasnoreasontofeelafraid.

*Highasthemountainwas,thechildrentookgreatdelightinclimbingit.

Comparethefollowingsentencesandcommentonthem(15points):

Heisa'Japaneseteacher.

HeisaJapanese'teacher.

PartThree

TestforStudentsofEnglishLanguageandLi ture

（英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)考生必答部分）

Discussandcommentonthefollowingtopics(40points)

PleasecommentontheEnglishrealisticnovel.

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinwaspraisedbyHemingwayasanovelfromwhich“allmodernAmericanliturecomes”.PleasecommentonHemingway’sremarks.

WhyisHemingwayconsideredthespokesmanof“TheLostGeneration”?

ReadthefollowingpoembyArchibaldMacLeish,anddiscussthelasttwolines.

ArsPoetica

ApoemshouldbepalpableandmuteAsaglobedfruit,

Dumb

Asoldmedallionstothethumb,

Silentasthesleeve-wornstone

Ofcasementledgeswherethemosshasgrown—

ApoemshouldbewordlessAstheflightofbirds.

*

ApoemshouldbemotionlessintimeAsthemoonclimbs,

Leaving,asthemoonreleases

Twigbytwigthenight-entangledtrees,

Leaving,asthemoonbehindthewinterleaves.Memorybymemorythemind—

ApoemshouldbemotionlessintimeAsthemoonclimbs.

*

Apoemshouldbeequalto:

Nottrue.

Forallthehistoryofgrief

Anemptydoorwayandamapleleaf.

Forlove

Theleaninggrassesandtwolightsabovethesea—

ApoemshouldnotmeanButbe.

ysisandappreciation(60points)

ThefollowingisthefamoussoliloquybyHamlet.Pleasewriteashortessayonitinabout200words.

Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion:—Whether’tisnoblerinthemind,tosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune;Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,

And,byopposing,endthem?—Todie,—tosleep,—Nomore;—and,byasleep,tosayweend

Theheartache,andthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,—’tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewish’d.Todie;—tosleep;—

Tosleep!perchancetodream;—ay,there’stherub;Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome,Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,

Mustgiveuspause:There’stherespect,Thatmakescalamityofsolonglife:

Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,Theoppressor’swrong,theproudman’scontumely,Thepangsofdespis’dlove,thelaw’sdelay,

Theinsolenceofoffice,andthespurnsThatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,Whenhehimselfmighthisquietusmake

Withabarebodkin?whowouldfardelsbear,Togruntandsweatunderawearylife;

Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,—Theundiscover’dcountry,fromwhosebournNotravellerreturns,—puzzlesthewill;

Andmakesusratherbearthoseillswehave,Thanflytoothersthatweknownotof?

Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall;Andthusthenativehueofresolution

Issickliedo’erwiththepalecastofthought;Andenterprisesofgreatpithandmoment,Withthisregard,theircurrentsturnawry,Andlosethenameofaction.

ReadthefollowingshortstoryandcommentonMissBrill’scharacter.

MissBrillKatherineMansfield

Althoughitwassobrilliantlyfine—theblueskypowderedwithgoldandgreatspotsoflightlikewhitewinesshedovertheJardinsPubliques—MissBrillwasgladthatshehaddecidedonherfur.Theairwasmotionless,butwhenyouopenedyourmouththerewas

justafaintchill,likeachillfromaglassoficedwaterbeforeyousip,andnowandagainaleafcamedrifting—fromnowhere,fromthesky.MissBrillputupherhandandtouchedherfur.Dearlittlethings!Itwasnicetofeelitagain.Shehadtakenitoutofitsboxthatafternoon,shakenoutthemoth-power,givenitagoodbrush,andrubbedthelifebackintothedimlittleeyes.“Whathasbeenhappeningtome?”saidthesadlittleeyes.Oh,howsweetitwastoseethemsnapatheragainfromtheredeiderdown!...Butthenose,whichwasofsomeblackcomposition,wasn’tatallfirm.Itmusthavehadaknock,somehow.Nevermind—alittledabofblacksealing-waxwhenthetimecame—whenitwasabsoluynecessary….Littlerogue!Yes,shereallyfeltlikethataboutit.Littleroguebitingitstailjustbyherleftear.Shecouldhavetakenitoffandlaidinonherlapandstrokedit.Shefeltatinglinginherhandsandarms,butthatcamefromwalking,shesupposed.Andwhenshebreathed,somethinglightandsad—no,notsad,exactly—somethinggentleseemedtomoveinherbosom.

Therewereanumberofpeopleoutthisafternoon,farmorethanlastSunday.Andthebandsoundedlouderandgayer.ThatwasbecausetheSeasonhadbegun.ForalthoughthehandyedallyearroundonSundays,outofseasonitwasneverthesame.Itwaslikesomeoneyingwithonlythefamilytolisten;itdidn’tcarehowityedifthereweren’tanystrangerspresent.Wasn’ttheconductorwearinganewcoat,too?Shewassureitwasnew.Hescrapedwithhisfootandflappedhisarmslikearoosterabouttocrow,andthebandsmensittinginthegreenrotundablewouttheircheeksandglaredatthemusic.Nowtherecamealittle“flutey”bit—verypretty!—alittlechainofbrightdrops.Shewassureitwouldberepeated.Itwas;sheliftedherheadandsd.

Onlytwopeoplesharedher“special”seat:afineoldmaninavelvetcoat,hishandsclaspedoverahugecarvedwalking-stick,andabigoldwoman,sittingupright,witharollofknittingonherembroideredapron.Theydidnotspeak.Thiswasdisappointing,forMissBrillalwayslookedforwardtotheconversation.Shehad ereallyquiteexpert,shethought,atlisteningasthoughshedidn’tlisten,atsittinginotherpeople’slivesjustforaminutewhiletheytalkedroundher.

Sheglanced,sideways,attheoldcouple.Perhapstheywouldgosoon.LastSunday,too,hadn’tbeenasinterestingasusual.AnEnglishmanandhiswife,hewearingadreadful

Panamahatandshebuttonboots.Andshe’dgoneonthewholetimeabouthowsheoughttowearspectacles;sheknewsheneededthem;butthatitwasnogoodgettingany;they’dbesuretobreakandthey’dneverkeepon.Andhe’dbeensopatient.He’dsuggestedeverything—goldrims,thekindthatcurvedroundyourears,littlepadsinsidethebridge.No,nothingwouldpleaseher.“They’llalwaysbeslidingdownmynose!”MissBrillwantedtoshakeher.

Theoldpeoplesatonthebench,stillasstatues.Nevermind,therewasalwaysthecrowdtowatch.Toandfro,infrontoftheflower-bedsandthebandrotunda,thecouplesandgroupsparaded,stoppedtotalk,togreet,tobuyahandfulofflowersfromtheoldbeggarwhohadhistrayfixedtotherailings.Littlechildrenranamongthem,swooandlaughing;littleboyswithbigwhitesilkbowsundtheirchins,littlegirls,littleFrenchdolls,dressedupinvelvetandlace.Andsometimesatinystaggerercamesuddenlyrockingintotheopenfromunderthetrees,stopped,stared,assuddenlysatdown“flop,”untilitssmallhigh-stepmother,likeayounghen,rushedscoldingtoitsrescue.Otherpeoplesatonbenchesandgreenchairs,buttheywerenearlyalwaysthesame,SundayafterSunday,and

—MissBrillhadoftennoticed—therewassomethingfunnyaboutnearlyallofthem.Theywereodd,silent,nearlyallold,andfromthewaytheystaredtheylookedasthoughthey’djustcomefromdarklittleroomsoreven—evencupboards!

Behindtherotundatheslendertreeswithyellowleavesdowndroo,andthroughthemjustalineofsea,andbeyondtheblueskywithgold-veinedclouds.

Tum-tum-tumtiddle-um!tiddle-um!tumtiddley-umtumta!blewtheband.

Twoyounggirlsinredcamebyandtwoyoungsoldiersinbluemetthem,andtheylaughedandpairedandwentoffarm-in-arm.Twopeasantwomenwithfunnystrawhatspassed,gravely,leadingbeautifulsmoke-coloreddonkeys.Acold,palenunhurriedby.Abeautifulwomancamealonganddroppedherbunchofviolets,andalittleboyranaftertohandthemtoher,andshetookthemandthrewthemawayasifthey’dbeenpoisoned.Dearme!MissBrilldidn’tknowwhethertoadmirethatornot!Andnowanerminetoqueandagentlemaningreymetjustinfrontofher.Hewastall,stiff,dignified,andshewaswearingtheerminetoqueshe’dboughtwhenherhairwasyellow.Noweverything,herhair,herface,evenhereyes,wasthesamecolorastheshabbyermine,andherhand,initscleaned

glove,liftedtodabherlips,wasatinyyellowishpaw.Oh,shewassopleasedtoseehim—delighted!Sheratherthoughttheyweregoingtomeetthatafternoon.Shedescribedwhereshe’dbeen—everywhere,here,there,alongbythesea.Thedaywassocharming—didn’theagree?Andwouldn’the,perhaps?...Butheshookhishead,lightedacigarette,slowlybreathedagreatdeeppuffintoherface,and,evenwhileshewasstilltalkingandlaughing,flickedthematchawayandwalkedon.Theerminetoquewasalone;shes dmorebrightlythanever.Buteventhebandseemedtoknowwhatshewasfeelingandyedmoresoftly, yedtenderly,andthedrumbeat,“TheBrute!TheBrute!”overandover.Whatwouldshedo?Whatwasgoingtohappennow?ButasMissBrillwondered,theerminetoqueturned,raisedherhandasthoughshe’dseensomeoneelse,muchnicer,justoverthere,andpatteredaway.Andthehandchangedagainand yedmorequickly,moregailythanever,andtheoldcoupleonMissBrill’sseatgotupandmarchedaway,andsuchafunnyoldmanwithlongwhiskershobbledalongintimetothemusicandwasnearly

knockedoverbyfourgirlswalkingabreast.

Oh,howfascinatingitwas!Howsheenjoyedit!Howshelovedsittinghere,watchingitall!Itwaslikeay.Itwasexactlylikeay.Whocouldbelievetheskyatthebackwasn’tpainted?Butitwasn’ttillalittlebrowndogtrottedonsolemnandthenslowlytrottedoff,likealittle“theatre”dog,alittledogthathadbeendrugged,thatMissBrilldiscoveredwhatitwasthatmadeitsoexciting.Theywereallonthestage.Theyweren’tonlytheaudience,notonlylookingon;theywereacting.EvenshehadapartandcameeverySunday.Nodoubtsomebodywouldhavenoticedifshehadn’tbeenthere;shewaspartoftheperformanceafterall.Howstrangeshe’dneverthoughtofitlikethatbefore!Andyetitexinedwhyshemadesuchapointofstartingfromhomeatjustthesametimeeachweek—soasnottobelatefortheperformance—anditalsoexinedwhyshehadquiteaqueer,shyfeelingatlingherEnglishpupilshowshespentherSundayafternoons.Nowonder!MissBrillnearlylaughedoutloud.Shewasonthestage.Shethoughtoftheoldinvalidgentlemantowhomshereadthenewspaperfourafternoonsaweekwhilehesleptinthegarden.Shehadgotquiteusedtothefrailheadonthecottonpillow,thehollowedeyes,theopenmouthandthehighpinchednose.Ifhe’dbeendeadshemightn’thavenoticedforweeks;shewouldn’thaveminded.Butsuddenlyheknewhewashaving

thepaperreadtohimbyanactress!“Anactress!”Theoldheadlifted;twopointsoflightquiveredintheoldeyes.“Anactress—areye?”AndMissBrillsmoothedthenewspaperasthoughitwerethemanuscriptofherpartandsaidgently:“Yes,Ihavebeenanactressforalongtime.”

Thebandhadbeenhavingarest.Nowtheystartedagain.Andwhattheyyedwaswarm,sunny,yettherewasjustafaintchill—asomething,whatwasit?—notsadness—no,notsadness—asomethingthatmadeyouwanttosing.Thetunelifted,lifted,thelightshone;anditseemedtoMissBrillthatinanothermomentallofthem,allthewhole

,wouldbeginsinging.Theyoungones,thelaughingoneswhoweremovingtogether,theywouldbegin,andthemen’svoices,veryresoluteandbrave,wouldjointhem.Andthenshetoo,shetoo,andtheothersonthebenches—theywouldcomeinwithakindof paniment—somethinglow,thatscarcelyroseorfell,somethingsobeautiful—moving.AndMissBrill’seyesfilledwithtearsandshelookedsmilingatalltheothermembersofthe .Yes,weunderstand,weunderstand,shethought—though