英語(yǔ)北師大版選修6學(xué)案UNIT17SECTIONⅧGRAMMAR

Section_ⅧGrammar單元語(yǔ)法工程(一)——過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)覺(jué)①Beforethelastbuscame,Ihadbeenwaitingforhalfanhour.②Untilthenshehadbeenlivingwithherdaughter.③Ididn'tknowthatyouhadbeenlookingforthatbook.④Ithadbeenrainingandthestreetwasstillwet.⑤Hisarmsweresunburntbecausehehadbeensittinginthesunallday.⑥Hefeltverytiredbecausehehadbeenworkinginthefieldforatleastfivehours.[我的發(fā)覺(jué)](1)例句①②③④⑤⑥中均用了過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為had_been＋現(xiàn)在分詞。(2)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)頭，始終連續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻，而那個(gè)時(shí)刻，該動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止，也有可能還在連續(xù)。一、概念過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作始終持續(xù)到這個(gè)特定時(shí)間，或是剛剛結(jié)束，或是還要連續(xù)。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“持續(xù)進(jìn)行〞。其標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：by...,before或when引導(dǎo)的從句(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))及表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(如forhours,allday)等。Iwasverytired.Ihadbeenworkingallday.我很累，一成天我都在干活。Shehadbeensufferingfromabadcoldbeforeshetooktheexam.她在考試之前始終患重感冒。二、構(gòu)成hadbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞IhadbeenlookingforajobforsixmonthsbeforeIgotthisone.我苦苦查找了六個(gè)月才找到這份工作。三、用法1．發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前的某個(gè)動(dòng)作，且該動(dòng)作持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間。IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.這個(gè)東西，我找了好幾天才找到。Thepoliticianhadbeenwaitingforhisvisafordaysbeforehegotit.這個(gè)政治家在拿到他的簽證之前，等了好多天。2．過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。IhadoftenbeenthinkingofyoubeforeyoucametoShanghai.在你來(lái)上海之前，我常常想你。3．直到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Whenhearrivedatthestation,hefoundthetrainhadbeenwaitingforpassengers.當(dāng)他到達(dá)車站時(shí)，他發(fā)覺(jué)火車早已在等候乘客了。She'donlybeenreviewingherlessonsforashortwhilewhenherlittlesisterinterruptedher.她妹妹打斷她時(shí)，她溫習(xí)功課才一會(huì)兒。4．表示肯定的感情顏色，如喜愛(ài)或厭惡等。Nobodyknewwhatthisfellowhadbeendoingallthesedays.沒(méi)人知道這個(gè)家伙這些天始終在干什么。Ineverthoughthehadbeendoingthatkindofthingtoyou.我怎么也沒(méi)有想到他竟然對(duì)你做那種事。[即時(shí)演練1](1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Whenthepolicerushedintothestreet,thethieveshad_disappeared(disappear)intothedistance.②Theyhad_been_expecting(expect)theanecdoteforsometimebeforeIcame.③Thedoctoraskedwhathehad_been_eating(eat)．(2)完成句子①Hehad_been_living_herebeforehewenttoShanghai.他去上海之前始終住在這里。②Ihad_been_waiting_for_half_an_hourbeforeshecalledmein.在她喊我進(jìn)去之前，我已經(jīng)等了半個(gè)小時(shí)。四、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)分1．過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作始終持續(xù)到這個(gè)特定時(shí)間，或是剛剛結(jié)束，或是還要連續(xù)。但是，決不會(huì)連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。Ithadbeenraininghardforthreeweeks.Nearlyallthelittletreesonthemountainwerewashedaway.大雨一連下了三個(gè)星期，山上的小樹差不多都給沖走了。2．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在現(xiàn)在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)始終進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。Shehasbeencleaningtheoffice,sowehavetowaitoutside.她始終在清掃辦公室，所以我們不得不在外面等著。3．過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成。Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheeveningparty.當(dāng)湯姆到達(dá)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候，大局部人都走了，他很絕望。[名師點(diǎn)津]時(shí)間點(diǎn)確實(shí)定以及是否強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性是推斷這三種時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。[即時(shí)演練2](1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①(2015·安徽高考改編)JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedIhad_left(leave)mybookinthecafe.②(2015·福建高考改編)—WhereisPeter？Ican'tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastandhas_been_writing(write)hisessaythereeversince.③Hissuccesswasduetothefactthathehad_been_working(work)hardallthetime.④Ihad_been_studying(study)athomebeforemymothercameback.⑤Thepopgroupstartedtheconcertafterallthetableshad_been_connected(connect)．(2)完成句子①Shehad_been_studying_Englishbeforeenteringthecollege.她上高校以前始終在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。②Shehad_cleaned_the_office,_soitwasverytidy.她已經(jīng)清掃過(guò)了，所以辦公室很干凈。③(2015·陜西高考改編)Martyhas_been_workingreallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe'llhave_finisheditbyFriday.馬蒂真的始終在努力寫書，他認(rèn)為周五就能完成。④Iheardyou'd_been_looking_for_me.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你始終在找我。Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．(2014·湖南高考改編)Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,wehave_been_trying(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.2．LiuYuanhuarealizedshehad_missed(miss)thebestchancetogetthefirstprize.3．(2014·浙江高考改編)Sofialookedaroundatallthefaces;shehadtheimpressionthatshehad_seen(see)mostoftheguestsbefore.4．Ihad_been_waiting(wait)atthebusstopwhenthebusfinallycamethirtyminuteslater.5．IrealizedthatIhad_been_overworking(overwork),soIdecidedtotakeafewdays'holiday.6．Theyhave_been_building(build)thepanysince2017andhaven't_pleted(notplete)ityet.7．Finally,wegotthereplywehad_been_expecting(expect)．8．Eventuallyshefoundthebookshehad_been_looking(look)for.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Thetelephonehad_been_ringing_for_three_minutesbeforeitwasanswered.響了三分鐘才有人接。2．BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,his_son_had_graduated_from_college.杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)高校畢業(yè)了。3．Shehas_been_waiting_for_yousinceyouleft.自從你離開(kāi)后，她始終在等你。4．Shehad_been_practising_for_three_yearswhensheenteredtherace.她參與競(jìng)賽時(shí)已練習(xí)了三年。5．Sheshowedmethepictureshe_had_painted.她向我展現(xiàn)了她畫的畫。單元語(yǔ)法工程(二)——進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和非進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)覺(jué)①Wegotoworkat8o'clockinthemorning.②Theplanearrivedtenminutesago.③Heisreadinganovelnow.④Shehasbeenillforawholeweek.⑤Ihavebeenstudyingtheproblemthese15days.⑥Wehadlearned1,500Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.[我的發(fā)覺(jué)](1)屬于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的例句有：③⑤。(2)屬于非進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的例句有：①②④⑥。一、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和非進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分1．進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作未完成，非進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作已完成。TheGreenswerewatchingafootballmatchonTV.(在看)格林一家正在看電視上播出的足球賽。TheGreenswatchedafootballmatchonTVlastnight.(看過(guò)了)昨天晚上格林一家看了電視上播出的足球競(jìng)賽。2．進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示臨時(shí)的動(dòng)作，非進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示永久的動(dòng)作。Whereisheworkingatpresent？(臨時(shí)性的工作)他目前在哪兒工作？Wheredoeshework？(固定工作)他在哪兒工作？3．進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，非進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示一次性動(dòng)作。You'vebeensayingyoucansucceedforfiveyears.(屢次)五年來(lái)你始終在說(shuō)你能勝利。Yousaidyoucouldsucceed.(一次性)你說(shuō)過(guò)你能勝利。4．進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)側(cè)重于時(shí)間的連續(xù)，非進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)側(cè)重于說(shuō)明事實(shí)。Itwasrainingcatsanddogslastnight.(強(qiáng)調(diào)雨沒(méi)停，始終在持續(xù))昨晚整整一夜都在下傾盆大雨。Itrainedcatsanddogslastnight.(只強(qiáng)調(diào)下過(guò)大雨)昨晚下了傾盆大雨。[即時(shí)演練1]用所給詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)填空①(2017·天津高考改編)Iwas_driving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.②(2016·北京高考改編)Jackwas_working(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.③(2014·江西高考改編)—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—Ihave_been_cutting(cut)uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.④(2015·北京高考改編)Inthelastfewyears,Chinahas_made(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.⑤(2015·北京高考改編)—Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.—Allright.Iwill_call(call)himlater.二、一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞某些不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞，同樣不能用于過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。分類如下：感官動(dòng)詞hear,see,smell,notice,feel,taste等表達(dá)情感狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞love,hate,like,desire,wish,mind,appreciate,dislike,fear,envy,care等表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞know,realize,understand,recognize,believe,feel,suppose,think,imagine,doubt,remember,forget,want,need,prefer,mean,agree等表示“占有〞的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))belongto,own,possess,have等其他表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))seem,look,appear,cost,owe,weigh,be,exist,consistof,contain,include等Thehousebelongstomybrother.這所房子屬于我弟弟。WemuchpreferBeijingOperatoopera.京劇和歌劇相比，我們更喜愛(ài)京劇。[即時(shí)演練2]完成句子①Theweatherhas_stayed_hot(很酷熱)recently.②Thiskindofflowersells_well(暢銷)now.③Thiscakesmells_wonderful(聞起來(lái)很香)．④Thissweetconsists_of(由……組成)eggsandcream.⑤Tonybelieves_that(信任)hewillpasstheexam.Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongs(belong)tothewell-educated.2．Weare_doing(do)ourhomeworknow.3．WhenIwas(be)achild,Iusedtoplaythepiano.4．Howmanypageshaveyoucovered(cover)yet?5．Iwon'tspeaktohimunlessheapolo