閱讀理解之文化藝術(shù)類（原卷版）

專題17閱讀理解之文化藝術(shù)類

【2013高考試題】

(2013?新課標(biāo)I卷)D

TheNationalGallery

Description:

TheNationalGalleryistheBritishnationalartmuseumbuiltonthenorthsideofEuropeanartrangingfrom13th-century

religiouspaintingstomoremodernonesbyRenoirandVanGogh.Theoldercollectionsofthegalleryarereached

throughthemainentrancewhilethemoremodernworksintheEastWingaremosteasilyreachedfromTrafalgarSquare

byagroundfloorentrance

Layout:

ThemodernSainsburyWingonthewesternsideofthebuildinghouses13th-tol5th-centurypaintings,andartistsinclude

Duccio,Uccello,VanEyck,Lippi,Mantegna,BotticelliandMemling.

ThemainWestWinghouses16th-centurypaintings,andartistsincludeLeonardodaVinci,Cranach,Michelangelo,

Raphael,Bruegel,Bronzino,TitanandVeronest.

TheNorthWinghouses17th-centurypaintings,andartistsincludeCaravaggio,Rubens,Poussin,VanDyck,Velazquez,

ClaudeandVermeer.

TheEastWinghouses18th-toearly20th-centurypaintings,andartistsincludeCanaletto,Goya,Turner,Constable,

RenoirandVanGogh

OpeningHours:

TheGalleryisopeneverydayfrom10amto6pm(FridayslOanmto9pm)andisfree,butchargesapplytosomespecial

exhibitions.

GettingThere:

Nearestundergroundstations:CharingCross(2-minutewalk).LeicesterSquare(3-minutewalk),Embankment(7-minute

walk),andPiccadillyCircus(8-minutewalk).

68.Inwhichcentury'scollectioncanyouseereligiouspaintings?

A.The13th

B.The17th

C.The18th

D.The20th

69.WhereareLeonardodaVinci'sworksshown?

A.IntheEast31ng.

B.InthemainWestWing.

C.IntheSainsburyWing.

D.IntheNorthWing.

70.WhichundergroundstationisclosesttotheNationalGallery?

A.PiccadillyCircus.

B.LeicesterSquare.

C.Embankment.

D.CharingCross.

(2013?新課標(biāo)II卷)B

【主旨大意】1947年，來自藝術(shù)界的一組知名人士決定在愛丁堡舉辦一次國際性的藝術(shù)節(jié)，來重新團(tuán)結(jié)二戰(zhàn)以后

的歐洲。與此同時，民間的類似活動也開始興起。每年都有大批的大學(xué)生前往愛丁堡演出。

In1947agroupoffamouspeoplefromtheartworldheadedbyanAustrianconductordecidedtoholdaninternational

festivalofmusic,danceandtheatreinEdinburgh.TheideawastoreuniteEuropeaftertheSecondWorldWar.

Atthesametime,the"Fringe“appearedasachallengetotheofficialfestival.Eighttheatregroupsturnedupuninvitedin

1947,inthebeliefthateveryoneshouldhavetherighttoperform,andtheydidsoinapublichousedisusedforyears.

Soon,groupsofstudentsfirstlyfromEdinburghUniversity,andlaterfromtheuniversitiesofOxfordand

Cambridge,DurhamandBirminghamweremakingthejourneytotheScottishcapitaleachsummertoperformtheatreby

little-knownwritersofplaysinsmallchurchhallstothepeopleofEdinburgh.

Todaythe“Fringe”,oncelessrecognized,hasfaroutgrownthefestivalwitharound1,500performancesoftheatre,music

anddanceoneveryoneofthe21daysitlasts.Andyetasearlyas1959,withonly19theatregroupsperforming,somesaidit

wasgettingtoobig.

Apaidadministratorwasfirstemployedonlyin1971,andtodaythereareeightadministratorsworkingallyearroundand

thenumberrisesto150duringAugustitself.In2004therewere200placeshousing1,695showsbyover600different

groupsfrom5()differentcountries.Morethan1,25millionticketsweresold.

40.PointwasthepurposeofEdinburghFestivalathebeginning?

A.TobringEuropetogetheragain.

B.TohonorheroesofWorldWar11.

C.Tointroduceyoungtheatregroups.

D.ToattractgreatartistsfromEurope.

41.WhydidsomeuninvitedtheatregroupscometoEdinburghin1947?

A.Theyownedapublichousethere.

B.Theycametotakeupachallenge.

C.Theythoughttheywerealsofamous.

D.Theywantedtotakepartinthefestival.

42.Whojoinedthe"Fringe"afteritappeared?

A.theyownedapublichousethere

B.Universitystudents.

C.人rustsfromaroundtheworld.

D.Performersofmusicanddance.

43.WemaylearnfromthetextthatEdinburghFestival.

A.hasbecomeanon-officialevent

B.hasgonebeyondanartfestival

C.givesshowsallyearround

D.keepsgrowingrapidly

（2013?浙江）B

Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.

Ifbloodisred,whyareveins（靜脈）blue?

Actually,veinsarenotblueatallTheyaremoreofaclear,yellowishcolor.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit'soutsideflie

body,whenit'ssittingintheveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolor.Attherightdepth,

theseblood-filledveinsreflectlessredlightthanthesurroundingskin,makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

Whichworksharder,youheartoryourbrain?

Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusyor'o$yexer21ng.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduring

exercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimeto511aSUEranker.R'.mthelongrun：yourbrainprobablytipsit,

becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceas、henergyasyourheartandittakesfourtofivetimes

asmuchbloodtofeedit.

Whydoteethfallout,andwhydon'ttheygrowb?_jgroun-ups?

Baby（or"milk'）teethdonotlastlong;theyf”二outtomak.jiggerif_xorbigger,strongeradultteethlateron.Adult

teethfallourwhentheybecomedamaged,decayedandinfectedbybactw；一Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin,

you'redone.Whenthey,regone,theyaregone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou'resetforlife,andwhatcontrols

regrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.

Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But,whentheydo,itisn'tbecausethey'reshrinkingallover.Theylose

heightastheirspine（脊柱）becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectofgravity（重力）.Many（butnot

all）menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseandaverageof3-4cminheightastheyage,whilewomen

maylose5cmormore.Ifyoulivetobe200yearsold,wouldyoukeepshrinkingtillyouwere,like60cmtall,likealittle

boyagain?No,becauseoldpeopledon'treallyshrink!Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwardstheirlegs,armsand

backbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter,it'sbecausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or,moreoften,become

morebentandcurved.

Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy（眩暈的）？

Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou'reseeingandwhatyou'refeeling.Thebrainsensesthatyou're

spinningusingspecialgravity-and-motion-sensingorgansinyourinnerear,whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeep

yourvisionbalancestable.Butwhenyousuddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrol,andyourbrainthinksyou'

removingwhileyou,renot.

Wheredofeelingsandemotionscomefrom?

Mostlyfromanancientpartofthebraincalledthelimbicsystem.Allmammalshavethisbrainareafrommicetodogs,

cats,andhumans.Soallmammalsfeelbasicemotionslikefear,painandpleasure.Butsincehumanfeelingsalsoinvolve

other,newerbitsofthebrain,wefeelmorecomplexemotionsthananyotheranimalonthisplanet.

Ifexercisewearsyouout,howcanitbegoodforyou?

Becauseourbodiesadapttoeverythingwedotothem.Andasfarasyourbodyisconcerned,it's“useit,orloseit"！It's

notthatexercisemakesyouhealthy,it'smorethatalackofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.

Whatisthecolorofbloodinaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin?

BlueB.LightyellowC.RedD.Darkreddishpurple

Whydosomeoldpeoplelookalittleshrunkenastheyage?

Becausetheirspineisinactiveuse.B.Becausetheyaremoreeasilyaffectedbygravity.

C.Becausetheykeepgrowingbackwards.D.Becausetheirspinebecomesmorebent.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainistrue?

A.Inthelongrun,ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.

B.Whenourbrainsensesthespinning,wewillfeeldizzy.

C.Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.

D.Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.

Whatisthemainpurposeoftheselection?

A.Togiveadviceonhowtostayhealthy.

B.Toprovideinformationaboutourbody.

C.Tochallengenewfindingsinmedicalresearch.

D.Toreportthelatestdiscoveriesinmedicalscience.

（2013?大綱卷）B

In1947agroupoffamouspeoplefromtheartworldheadedByanAustrianconductordecidedtoholdaninternational

festivalofmusic,danceandtheatreinEdinBurgh.TheideawastoreuniteEuropeaftertheSecondWorldWar.

Atthesametime,the"Fringe“appearedasachallengetotheofficialfestivaLEighttheatregroupsturnedupuninvitedin

1947,intheBeliefthateveryoneshouldhavetherighttoperform,andtheydidsoinapuBlichousedisusedforyears.

Soon,groupsofstudentsfirstlyfromEdinBurghUniversity,andlaterfromtheuniversitiesofOxfordand

CamBridge?DurhamandBirminghamweremakingthejcameytotheScottishcapitaleachsummertoperformtheatreBy

little-knownwritersofplaysinsmallchurchh311iothe尸ofEd\idurgh.

Todaythe“Fringe”,oncelessrecognized,hasfaroiNjrowniestival▼:JIaround1,500performancesoftheatre,music

anddanceoneveryoneofthe21daysitlasts.Andyetasearlyas19c'\dthonly19theatregroupsperforming,somesaidit

wasgettingtooBig.

Apaidadministratorwasfirstemployedonlyin197andtodaythereareeightadministratorsworkingallyearroundand

thenumBerrisesto150duringAugustitself.L.^.004thereJere200p^.cshousing1,695showsByover600different

groupsfrom50differentcountries.Morethan1,25millionticketswereso'-

60.PointwasthepurposeofEdinBurghFestivalatheBeginning?

A.ToBringEuropetogetheragain.

B.TohonorheroesofWorldWar11.

C.Tointroduceyoungtheatregroups.

D.ToattractgreatartistsfromEurope.

61.WhydidsomeuninvitedtheatregroupscometoEdinBurghin1947?

A.TheyownedapuBlichousethere.

B.Theycametotakeupachallenge.

C.Theythoughttheywerealsofamous.

D.Theywantedtotakepartinthefestival.

62.Whojoinedthe"Fringe"afteritappeared?

A.theyownedapuBlichousethere

B.Universitystudents.

C.人rustsfromaroundtheworld.

D.Performersofmusicanddance.

63.WemaylearnfromthetextthatEdinBurghFestival.

A.hasBecomeanon-officialevent

B.hasgoneBeyondanartfestival

C.givesshowsallyearround

D.keepsgrowingrapidly

（2013-福建卷）D

PrideandPrejudicefortheModemWoman

LetusimaginehowPrideandPrejudice,JaneAi,un'smorxdmousw"k,mightbeupdated,200yearson.

Austen'spopularityisrootedinherintelligence.Buf.odaysb,wouldcruiinlyhavehadaverydifferentlife,aswouldher

characters.Here'smyownsuggestion...

Itisatruthfinallyanduniversallyacknowledgedthatasirr**.；v*.uianwithbrainsdeservestohaveequalopportunitiesto

men,howeverdisadvantagedshemayfeelbysexism

”Mydearhusband,wsaidhishopefulwifeone“havey-aHeardthrdielocalstore：standingemptyforsolong,is

takenoverbyabrightyoungbusinesswoman?"

Herdullandindifferent（漠不關(guān)心的）husbandrepliedthathehadnot."Butitis,itis,"sherepliedexcitedly.Nir

Dull-Husbandmadenoreply.

“Don'tyouwanttoknowherplans?'1shecriedwithsomeimpatience.

“Well,clearlyyouthinkitmatterstoyoursillylittlehead...soI'dbetterlisten.M

"Well,mydear,therumour（傳言）isthatshehasalreadysetupastringofsuccessfulbusinessesinnorthernEngland,

thoughhowawomancanknowanythingaboutthatisbeyondme.Shewillmoveinherselfnextmonth.M"Whatisher

name?”"Bingley.”

“Isshemarriedorsingle?"

"Whataquestion!Andnoneofyourbusiness.Buthercomingwillbeafinethingforourfiveboys.""Howso?Howcanit

possiblyaffectthem?”

"Mydearlove;thoselazyboysneedsomethingtowakethemup.Thereareboundtobejobsgoing.H

"Isthatherpointinsettlinghere?Surelyasawomanshehassimplytakenafancytotheplace.u

“Nonsense,mylove,howlittleyou'venoticedtheworldhaschanged.She'sgotafirst-ratedegreeandsomesortof

businessqualification,I'mtold.Shesurelyneedsoneofourboys!Perhapsyoumightgiveheracall.M

“Me?No.Perhapsyoucantakeaninterest.Youstillhaveyourlooks,afterall.Shemayevenofferyouajob."MOh,that's

notlikely.Thesenewchancesbelongtotheyoungergeneration.Butnowyoumentionit,IthinkI'llgoalongallthesame.n

AndMrsBennetwentalong.Thatwas10yearsago.SheisnowmanagingdirectorofaFTSE-listedcompany.

...Itwouldremainthecase,ofcourse,thatMrsBer*etwoul^Jeonecryfewwomenonthecompanyboard,thather

salarywouldbelowerthanhermalecolleagues,herbonusofamor-''male"dimensionandherlifespan（年限）among

thecity'sbusinessleadersshorterthantheirs.Sall,she'dnc'haveenjoyedDavos-andmightevenhavehobnobbed

（里談）withinfluentialfigures.

67.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Austenwasborn200yearsago.

B.AustenrewrotePrideandPrejudice.

C.Austen'ssuccessliesinherwisdom.

D.Austen'supdatedworkgainspopularity.

68.TheunderlinedpartinthepassagesuggeststhatMrsBennet.

A.hadmixedfeelingsofadmirationandsurpriseaboutBingley

B.feltkindofworriedanddoubtfulaboutBingley

C.wasextremelyanxioustomeetBingley

D.hadagreatcuriosityaboutBingley

69.IntheeyesofMrsBennet,Bingleysurelyneededoneoftheirboysto.

A.getmarriedtoB.workforher

C.helphermoveinD.takeoverherstore

70.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?

A.Womenwithbrainscanalsobeassuccessfulasmen.

B.Womenhavetopayahighpriceforsuccess.

C.Ajudgmentmustbemadefreefromprejudice.

D.Sexdiscriminationstillexistsnowadays.

（2013?廣東卷）A

Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.Fred

Epstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom,afour-year-oldboywitha

cancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination.

Tomlovedtopretend,andheparticularlylovedtoplaysuperheroes,Dr.Epsteinexplainedthatitwasactuallyabrilliant

wayforhisyoungmindtohandletheterrifyingandpainfullifeheled.

Thedaybeforehisthirdtriptotheoperatingroom,Tomwasterriblyafraid.?,MaybeIcouldgoasSupermanJhewhispered

tohismom.Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforawhile.Shehadavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume（戲裝），finally

sheagreed.

ThenextdayTomappearedasthepowerfulSuperman,showingoffthroughthehospitalhallsandcoollywavinghishand

tothepeoplegreetinghimalongtheway.AndTom,withthestrengthofhisfantasy,successfullymadeitthroughthe

operation.

Thepowerofimaginationneednotbereservedforchildrenonly.Weallhavethepowertouseourfantasiestoattempt

thingsweneverthoughtpossible,togothroughthosethingsthatseemimpossible,andtoachievewhatweneverbelieved

wecould.JustasDr.Epsteinputsit,'Tfyoucandreamit,youcandoit”

Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyournextjobinterview.But,nexttimeyouaretextedinawaythat

seemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryour

challengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream.

26.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?

A.HewasseriouslyillB.Hewasadishonestboy.

C.HewascrazyaboutmagicD.HewasDr.Epstein'spatient

27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTom'smother?

A.ShewasarichladyB.SherefusedTom'srequest

C.ShewantedTomtobeasuperheroD.ShewantedtogetTomthroughthepain

28.WhenTomwentforthethirdoperation,he.

A.pretendedtobepainfulB.actedlikeasuperhero

C.appearedinpoorspiritsD.arguedwithhismother

29.1nthelastparagraph,youareadvised_____.

A.togothroughsomedifficulttests

B.towakeupfromyourwilddreams

C.tobecomeapowerfulpersoninyourmind

D.towearexpensiveclothesforjobinterviews

30.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Totellusaninterestingstory.

B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.

C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.

D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.

（2013?湖南卷）C

It'ssuchahappy-lookinglibrary:paintedyellow;d^^oratedpalm-trp.stickersandshelteredfromtheFloridasunbyits

ownroof.Aboutthesizeofamicrowaveoven,it'spedestrian-friendly,toewaitingfbrbookloversnexttoasidewalkin

PalmBeachcountryEstates,alongthenorthernboundaryofPalmBeachGardens.

It'salibrarybuiltwithlove.

Ayearago：shortlyafterJaneyHenriksensawaWilliamsr??丁aoouttheLittleFreeLibraryorganization,a

Wisconsin-basednonprofitthataimstopromoteHter”‘ouildasense，communityinaneighborhoodbymaking

booksfreelyavailable,sheannouncedtoherfamilvYfour,'That'swhatwe'regoingtodoforourspringbreak!”

SonAustin,nowa10th-grader5didn'tseethepointofbuildingalibrarythatresemblesamailbox.ButJaneyinsisted,and

husbandPeterunwillinglygottowork.The51-vdi-oldovofashi\supplycompanymodifiedasmallwoodenhouse

thathe'dbuiltyearsearlierfordaughterAbbie'stoyhorses,andmadeadoorofglass.

Afteraddingthelibrary\finaltouches（裝點），thefamilyhungasignboardonthefront,instructingusersto“takeabook,

returnabook,“andmakingtheHenriksenlibrary,nowoneofseveralhundredlikeitnationwideandamongmorethan

2,500intheworld,theonlyLittleFreeLibraryinPalmBeachCounty.

Theystockeditwith20orsobooksthey'dalreadyread,amixofsciencefiction,referencetitles,novelsandkids'favorites.

“Itoldthem,keepinmindthatyoumightnotseeitagain,nsaidJaney,astay-at-homemom.

Sincethen,thecollectionkeepsreplenishing（補(bǔ)充）itself,thankstoongoingdonationsfromborrowers.Thelibrarynow

getsanaverageoffivevisitsaday.

Theprojectbestpayoff,saysPeter,arethethank-younotesleftbehind.4iWehadnoideainthebeginningthatitwouldbe

sopopular.^^（317words）

66.Inwhatwayisthelibrary“pedestrian-friendly”?

A.Itownsayellowroof.B.Itstandsnearasidewalk.

C.Itprotectsbookloversfromthesun.D.Itusespalm-treestickersasdecorations.

67.Janeygottheideatobuildalibraryfrom

A.avisittoBrianWilliamsB.aspringbreakwithherfamily

C.abooksentbyoneofherneighborsD.areportonaWisconsin-basedorganization

68.Thelibrarywasbuilt.

A.byashipsupplycompanyB.onthebasisoftoyhorses

C.likeamailboxD.withglass

69.Whatcanweinferaboutthesignboard?

A.Itwasmadebyauserofthelibrary.B.Itmarkedafinaltouchtothelibrary.

C.Itaimedatmakingthelibrarylastlong.D.Itindicatedthelibrarywasafamilyproperty.

70.Thepassagetellsusthattheusers

A.donatebookstothelibrary

B.getpaidtocollectbooksforthelibrary

C.receivethank-younotesforusingthelibrary

D.visitthelibraryover5timesonaveragedaily

（2013?湖南卷）B

Inmylivingroom,thereisaplaque（匾）thatadvisesmeto“Bloom（開花）whereyouareplanted.^^Itremindsmeof

Dorothy.IgottoknowDorothyintheearly1980s,whenIwasteachingEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentthroughaprogram

withUnionCollegeinBarbourville,Kentucky.Thejobresponsibilitiesrequiredoccasionalvisitstotheclassroomofeach

teacherintheprogram.Dorothystandsoutinmymemoryasonewho“bloomed“inherremotearea.

DorothytaughtinaschoolInHarlanCounty,Kentucky,AppalachianMountainarea.Togettoherschoolfromthetownof

Harlan,Ifollowedaroadwindingaroundthemountain.Intheeight-milejourney,Icrossedthesamerailroadtrackfive

times,givingthepossibilityofgettingcaughtbythesametrainfivetimes.Ratherthanfeelingexcitedbythisdrivethrough

themountains,Ifounditdepressing.Thepovertylevelwasshockingandthesmallshabbyhousesgavemethegreatest

feelingofhopelessness.

FromthemomentofmyarrivalatthelittleschoolJgloom:尤郁)disappeared.UponarrivingatDorothysclassroom.I

wasgreetedwithsmilingfacesandtreatedlikeaqueen.Thechildrenhad卜jenpreparedtoshowmetheirlatestprojects.

Dorothytoldmewithabigsmilethattheywereservingpokegreenssaladandcornbreadfor“dinner,(lunch).Incaseyou

don'tknow,pokegreensareaweed?typeplantr\d(growswild,especiallyonpoorground.

Dorothyneverranoutofreportsofexcitingactivewsofherstudfierenthusiasmnevercooleddown.Whenitcame

timetositfbrthetestingandinterviewingrequired、,『：herChildDrclopmentAssociateCertificatioiLDorothywas

ready.ShecametotheassessmentandpassedinaU?ieas.Afterward,sheinvitedmetotheone-and-onlysteakhouseinthe

areatocelebratehervictory,asifshehadreceivedherPh.D.degree.Afterthemeal,sheplacedalittleboxcontainingan

oldpeninmyhand.ShesaiditwasafamilyheLoom(傳工寶)，buttomeitisatreasuredsymbolofappreciationandpride

thatcannotbematchedwiththings.(360words)

61.“EarlyChildhoodDevelopment”inParagraph1refersto.

A.aprogramdirectedbyDorothyB.acoursegivenbytheauthor

C.anactivityheldbythestudentsD.anorganizationsponsoredbyUnioncollege

62.Inthejourney,theauthorwasmostdisappointedatseeing.

A.thelongtrackB.thepoorhouses

C.thesametrainD.thewindingroad

63.Uponarrivingattheclassroom,theauthorwascheeredupby.

A.awarmwelcomeB.thesightofpokegreens

C.Dorothy'slatestprojectsD.abigdinnermadeforher

64.WhatcanweknowaboutDorothyfromthelastparagraph?

A.Shewasinvitedtoacelebrationatarestaurant.

B.Shegotapenasagiftfromtheauthor.

C.Shepassedtherequiredassessment.

D.ShereceivedherPh.D.degree.

65.Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellus?

A.Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitcarefully.

B.Whoeveryouare,youdeserveequaltreatment.

C.Howeverpooryouare,youhavetherighttoeducation,

D.Whereveryouare,youcanaccomplishyourachievement.

(2013?江蘇卷)D

MarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwho

popularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.

Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.

Stowe'sUncleTom'sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminor

exceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelse

entirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.

Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemost

controversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain'snovels,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Onlyafewbookshavebeenkickedoffthe

shelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,Twain'smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseit

struckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel<4trashandsuitableonlyfor

theslums（貧民窟）MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmany

occurencesofthewordnigger.（ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsinit.）

Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.Jim'ssearchthroughtheslave

statesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJim

wasafirstinAmericanfiction——arecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,4<thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhite

slavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.”

Thereismuchmore.Twain'smysterynovelPudd'nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyof

theliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior（彳氐等的）towhites,

especiallyinintelligence,Twain'stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtoher

master'sbabyand,forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster'sbabybyhiswife.Theslave's

lightskinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave-holdingclass.

Themaster'swife'sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslave.

Thepointwasdifficulttomiss:nurture（養(yǎng)育）,notnature,wasthekeytosocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthat

providedthestuffofprejudice~~maimerofspeech,fbrexample-were,toTwain,indicativeofnothingotherthanthe

conditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.

Twain'sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasv：forexample,bythe,^ngthypassageinhisautobiography（自傳）

abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled'"niggershows"inhisyouth-mostlywithwhitemenperformingin

black-face-andhisdelightingettinghismothe-10laugha;them.YetthereisnoreasontothinkRvainsawtheshowsas

representingreality.Hisfrequentattacksonslaver_ufldprejudicehiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.

WasTwainaracist?Askingthequestioninthe21stt,：：aswiseasthesameofLincoln.Ifwereadthewords

andattitudesofthepastthroughthe“wisdom”ofth。consideredmoraljudgmentsofthepresent：wewillfindnothingbut

errorLincoln,whobelievedtheblackmantheinferiorofthewhite,foughtandwonawartofreehim.AndTwain,raisedin

aslavestate,brieflyasoldier,andinventorofJi.u,mayha、edonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjusticeandawaken

itscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepastcentury.

65.HowdoTwain'snovelsonslaverydifferfromStowe's?

A.Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism.

B.Twain'sattackonracismwasmuchlessopen.

C.Twain'sthemesseemedtoagreewithplots.

D.Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism.

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