金沙遺址博物館講解材料(英文)

TourGuideWordingforJinshaSiteMuseum(EnglishV.0)

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TourGuideWording

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JinshaSiteMuseum

EditedbyChengduJinshaSiteMuseum

October2006

TourGuideWordingforJinshaSiteMuseum

(TourguidestartingfromtheSouthernEntranceGate)

Goodmorning(afternoon)everyone,welcomeyourpresenceandvisittoJinshaSiteMuseum.Mynameis,atourguidespecialforJinshaSiteMuseum.ItisagreathonorformetostaywithyoutodayinyourvisittoJinshaSiteMuseum.YoumaybeignoredthatyouhavealreadystooduponthelandwheresplendidJinshaculturalrelicsitewithaprofoundhistoryofmorethan3000yearshasbeenburied.Let’sgothroughthetunneloftimeforajourneyofJinshadiscovery.

(AfteraccessintotheMuseumEntranceGate)

DiscoveredonFebruary8,2001,JinshaSiteisidentifiedastheancientShuculturalrelicattractwhichwasprosperousintheShangDynasty(16th—11thCenturyBC)andZhouDynasty(aftertheShangDynastyto221BC).JinshaSiteissituatedinthenorthwestofChengduCity,betweenthe2ndRingRoadandthe3rdRingRoad,5kilometersawayfromChengduCityCentertheTianfuSquare.JinshaSitewasdiscoveredbyaccidentinacapitalconstructionsitewhichwasonprogress.Thisdiscoverywasawardedas“2001ChinaTopTenArchaeologicalDiscoveries”inthesameyearwhenitwasunearthed.Throughyears’archaeologicalstudyandexcavation,itisquitecertainthatthesitedistributionisscatteredover5squarekilometersaround.Withinthishistoricalculturalsite,someimportantculturalheritagessuchaslarge-scalepalace-stylebuildings,sitesforworshipactivities,civilianhousingareaandGraveshavebeendiscovered.Aboutover6000piecesofpreciousculturalrelicsincludinggoldwares,bronzewares,jadewares,stonewares,lacqueredwoodenwaresalongwithalargenumberofceramicwares,ivories,wildboarbuckteethanddeerhornshavebeenunearthed.Theseuneartheddiscoverieshelpusalotinunderstandingingeneralthelivingstyle,production,customforburyingthedeath,religiousworshipofancientShupeopleinJinshaTime;inaddition,theyarealsohelpfulforustodrawaninitialconclusionregardingthenatureandageoftheheritagesite.UpontheevaluationofthescaleoftheSiteandsomehighhonorabletracesandrelicsdiscoveredintheSite,JinshaSitecanbeconjecturedoncetobetheCapitalof

Sichuanpeoplecallthemebonywood.Fromascientificpointofview,theseso-calledebonytreescanbevariedintreespecies.Duetoitsuniquefeaturessuchascompactdensity,organicmatterdecompositioncompletion,nodeformationandnowormbirth,ebonywoodispreciousandexpensivewithafolksaylikethis“TenthousandLiang(Chineseancientmeasurementunitequalto50g)ofgolddepositathouseisnotworthonecubicmeterofebonywoodinthefield”.AlargenumberofebonywoodhasbeendiscoveredinJinshaSiteaswellasareaneighboringChengduPlain.Thislive“fossil”fullyprovesthattheancientChengduPlainhadsoundeco-environment.

(PermanentLOGOofSunandImmortalBird)

Thesculpturestandingbeforeusoriginatesfromthe“SunandImmortalBird”goldornamentalarticleunearthedinJinshaSite.Theoutsidediameteroftheoriginalpieceis12.5cm.Withitsmeaningfullookandfeel,precisestructuralcomposition,beautifullyflowingpatternstogetherwithrichrhythm,itcondensedancientpeoples’profoundphilosophicalandreligiousthinking,endlessimagination,extraordinaryartisticcreativityandexquisitecraftworks,representingthesubmitofgoldartisticarticlesofChinaShangandZhouDynasties.Moralssuchaschasingforbrightness,teamworkforprogressandconsonancewithtolerancefoundintheSunandImmortalBirdpatternalsoexaggeratethestrongfeelingofresponsibilityandmissionofChinesegovernmentandpeopletoprotectculturalheritageofthemotherland.OnAugust16,2005,theSunandImmortalBirdpatternwasselectedastheLOGforChineseculturalheritage.OnOctober17,2005,SunandImmortalBirdShuEmbroideryreturnedfromitsspacejourneycarriedbyShenzhouNo.6Airship.OnDecember18,2005,thispermanentcommemorativesculptureworkwasofficiallysettleddowninJinshaSiteMuseum.TheSunandImmortalBirdsculpturestandingbeforeusisamplifiedbynearly30timesoftheoriginal,servingyouasagoodphotographingplaceforyoureternalmemory.

(OutsidetheRelicsHall)

ThisbuildingbeforeusistheRelicsHallofJinshaSiteMuseum.Thisproximateroundshapedsloppingfullsteelstructuralbuildinghasantotalareaof7,588m2,aheightof19mandaspanof63m.Atthepresent,thearchaeologicalexcavationrighthereisstillunderitsprogress.Here,inadditiontoourfeeltothegrandsacrificialscenehappenedinancientShuState3000yearsago,wealsocantakecloselookonthearchaeologicalexcavationprocesstoexperiencehowarchaeologicalworkisproceedingsoscientificallyandprecisely,also,youwillbetheluckyonetowitnesshowpreciousculturalrelicsisunearthed.

(InsidetheRelicsHall)

Hereistheexcavationsiteforancientlarge-scalesacrificialeventinJinshaSite.February8,2001isthedatemarkingthere-appearanceofJinshaKingdomwhichhasbeenburiedunderneaththegroundforthousandsofyears.Basedontheexistingdiscovery,hereisasacrificialplacebytheriversolelyusedbyancientShuKingdom.Itisarrangedalongbothsidesoftheancientrivercoursewithatotalareaofabout15,000m2.ItislikelythatintheverybeginningtheancientShupeoplewereundergoingtheirsacrificialactivitiesontheriverbank,andwhentheactivitywasover,buryingtheirsacrificialofferingsunderneaththerivershoal,andthencoveringthemwithearth.Andagainaftercompletionofnextsacrificialevent,theywereburyingthesacrificialofferings,whichwerebeingpiledlayerbylayerthrough500-yearprolongrepetitionfromlateShangDynastytoearlytheSpringandAutumnPeriod.

Excavationworkinthesacrificeareastartedinearly2001.Sofar,culturalrelicsincludinggoldware,bronzeware,jadeware,lacquerwoodwareandpotterywareandsoonunearthedrightherehavebeeamountedtoover6000pieces;besides,alargenumberofpreciousivorywaresandthousandsofwildboarbucktoothanddeerhornwareshavebeenunearthedaswell.Sincetheculturalrelicsdepositinthesacrificialareaisrathercomplicated,plustheunearthedculturalrelicsaresorareandprecious,majorityofthemarerequiredforsiteprotection,therefore,thearchaeologicalexcavationhereisquiteslowinprogress,andareaanddepthallowableforexcavationarelimited.OurexplorationexcavationdepthuptonowonlyreachedtotheearthlayercorrespondinglateWesternZhouPeriod,still3mawayfromtheimmature.

Iwouldliketospendseveralminutestointroduceyousomearchaeologicalknowledgerelatedtotheexcavationhere.Asyousee,ourarchaeologicalexpertsandworkersarecarryingoutthearchaeologicalresearchandexcavation.Thesesmallsquaregridsarecalled“checkspare”widelyusedinarchaeologicalresearchandexcavation.Talkingwithplainwordsunderstoodbyeverybody,checksquareisafoursquareearthpitexcavatedverticallydowninaflatland.However,thisfoursquareearthpitisnotexcavatedwithoutpurpose.Whichplaceisexcavatedfirstandwhichplaceisthenextdependsonthedeterminationofsoillayerstimesequence.Sometimes,earthpitexcavationisdoneaccordingtoactualsituationorexcavationpurpose,whichcanbevariousformssuchas10m×10mchecksquareor2m×10mchecktrench.Theearthbeambetweenchecksquaresiscalledpartitionbeam.Therearemanylinesmadebyhandshovelonthesectionplaneofpartitionbeam,andtheselinesaremadejustforearthlayerseparationpurpose.Suchlinemadeforspecifyingearthlayersisanimportantsteptokeepwellarchaeologicalrecord.Whentwoneighboringchecksquaresarecompletedinexcavationforallearthlayers,thepartitionbeambetweenwillbeexcavatedforarchaeologicalpurpose.Thepartitionbeammainfunctionistoobservethechangeofearthlayers.Whenallpartitionbeamsbetweenfourneighboringchecksquaresarecompletedinarchaeologicalexcavation,asquareearthmoundwillberemainedinthemiddle,whichhasascientificnamecalled“criticalcolumn”.Thisremainedearthmoundmainfunctionistocoordinatetheearthlayerrelationforfourneighboringchecksquares,whichissuperimportantinarchaeologicalresearchresultingitsname—criticalcolumn.Also,itisthelastonetobeexcavatedinanarcheologicalsite.

(Checksquareroleliesinthreeaspects:(1)earthlayercontrol:withinacertainrangeofarea,earthlayerdistributionindifferentplacediffersfromeachother,ifaexcavationislargeinarea,itishardtocontroltheearthlayerdistribution,therefore,comparativelyspeaking,itiseasiertocontroltheearthlayerdistributionwithinasmallsizedchecksquare;(2)coordinatesestablishment:eachrelicphenomenaorunearthedculturalreliccanbecertainintermsofpositionwithinthechecksquareaccompaniedwithcoordinates;(3)recordconvenience.Inanarcheologicalexcavation,checksquareisabasicunitforrecordinganddataprocessing).

Earthlayeristhebasisforanarchaeologicalexcavation.Differentearthqualityandcolorproducevariedearthdeposit,whicharealsodifferenteachotherintimesequence.Thatis,theearlierdepositislocatedunderneaththelateones.Depositindifferenttimesequencehasvariedeachotherinearthqualityandcolor,resultingdifferentunearthedculturalrelics.Thenaturaldepositearthlayerpriortohumanactivitywithinahistoricalsiteiscalled“immaturesoil”.Anewearthlayerwillbeformedonalargeareaofthegroundsurfacewherehumanarelivinguponorcarryingoutactivitiesforprolongperiod,withinclusionofrubbishintentionallydischargedandarticlesunintentionallymissed.Thisnewlyformedearthlayerbyhumanactivitiesiscalled“maturesoil”.Formationof“maturesoil”isacontinuousprocessshowingconstantcolorandqualitywhendepositcomponentsremainnearlyunchanged.Whenthereisabigchangeindepositcomponentsduetohumanactivitiesornaturalenvironmentwithinahistoricalsite,thenewlyformedmaturesoillayerisabouttodifferfromtheoldmaturesoillayerbothincolorandquality,hence,variedmaturesoillayerswhichcanbeidentifiedbyarchaeologistsareproduced.Inarchaeology,immaturesoillayerandeachmaturesoillayeraregenerallycalled“earthlayer”.Historicalsiteanditsdepositformationareinterrelatedtocorrespondingearthlayerdeposit.Layerpositionandpositionrelationshipbetweenneighboringlayersaretwoimportantconceptsinstratigraphy,whosemainsubjectistoclassifythelayerpositionandtodeterminethepositionrelationshipbetweenneighboringlayers.Forthisreason,modernstratigraphyisalsocalledlayerpositionscience.Methodforagedeterminationappliedinstratigraphydependsonthechronolithologicunit.Thelayerpositionisthepositionofthedepositunitinthedepositsequencesystem;therefore,thedepositunitclassificationsizewillproducedirectinfluenceuponthechronolithologicunitprecision.So,thesmallersizethedepositunitisclassified,thebetterprecisiontheagedeterminationwillbe.Fieldarchaeologyistore-builda“frameworkofhistory”withspace-timecoordinatedobjectsanddataforreplicationofhistoryorpartofhistory.(Theabovearchaeologicalknowledgeisdispensableaccordingtovisitors’interest.Importantly,itisokifyougiveyourvisitorsabriefintroductiontoarchaeologicalfundamentals)

Uptonow,wehavediscoveredover60sitesrelatedtosacrificialeventsinthearchaeologicalexcavationinthissacrificialactivityarea.Throughanalysisofsiteheritageandburyingarticles,thesacrificialactivitiesherecanbeclassifiedintothreephases.Thesethreephasesareindependentanddifferentfromeachother;andeveninthesamephasesacrificialofferingsuseddifferfromeachothergreatly.

SacrificialofferingsusedinPhaseIaremainlyivoryandstonewarestogetherwithsomepotterywaresandminutequantityofjadewarescorrespondingtoaboutlateYinDynasty(about1200BC).

ThemostsignificantcharacteristicshowedinPhaseIIisthatalargenumberofgold,bronzeandjadewaresareusedassacrificialofferings,stilltherearelargequantityofivorywareswhichareservedasthemainofferingsinPhaseI,andlessstonewaresandlacquerwoodwaresarefound,correspondingtoanagefromlateYinDynastytomidWestZhouPeriod(about1100BC~855BC)Thisphasecanbesubdividedintomultiplesectionsasperdifferenttypesofsacrificialofferings.

ThecharacteristicshowedinPhaseIIIisthatalargenumberofwildboarbucktooth,deerhorn,beautystoneandpotterywaresareusedassacrificialoffers,butthereisabigdecreaseinquantityofbronze,jadeandivorywarewhicharewidelyusedasofferingsinPhaseI,correspondingtoanagefromlateWestZhouPeriodtoearlySpringandAutumnPeriod(about850BC~650BC).

Takingforexample,No.11heritagesitediscoveredthere(pointoutitsposition)isaheritagesiteofivoryandlacquerwoodwaresofferingswidelyusedinPhaseI.Thisheritagepitisburiedinsandbed,andsacrificialofferingsfoundinthispitcanbedividedintothreelayersoftop,middleandbottom.Anumberofcolumnarivorysectionsandonepieceofjadewarearefirstlylaidinthepitbottom,andelephantcheektooth,woodentigerlacquerwareandsmallnumberofcolumnarivorywaresareplacedinthemiddlelayer,andmorethantenentireivoryandapieceoflacquerembeddedwithjadeslipareplacedinthetoplayer.Thelongestivoryfoundinthetoplayerhasalengthof1.85m,representingthelongestoneforthepresentfoundinJinshaSite.

SacrificialofferingsmostprevailinginthisphasealsoincludeStoneBi,stonecake-shapedwaresandStoneZhang(anameofinstrument).Mostofthestonecake-shapedwaresaremadeofshalewiththinbodyandclear&neatouteredge.MostofStoneZhangfoundtodayremainonlytheirmainbodywithoutpetiole,buttheirknife-edgesarewellgroundastheircuttingpart.StoneZhangusuallyisplacedbesideStoneBi.Allthesestonewaresareplacedinaslopehigheronthenorthwestandlowerinthesoutheastlayerbylayertoformfan-shapedandringlikepattern.AsuperbigStoneBiwithfinecraftandadiameterupto85cmisplacedinthefronttoall(later,thissuperbigStoneZhangcanbeviewedintheExhibitionHall).What’stheuseofthesestonewaresputtingrighthere?Webelievetheyhavesomethingtodowithsacrificialactivities.Thisisbecause,rightherewedon’tfindanyevidencesuchasmanufacturingtools,stonewasteandworkshopsusedforproducingstonewarestoprovethatthisplaceisastonewareworkshop;ifitisforpilingsemifinishedstonewares,thepilingpatternisabsolutelynotlikethis;knife-edgesofallStoneZhangunearthedarewellground,andtheirpetiolesarealsocarvedinnegativelines,andevenvermilionarepaintedinsomeofthenegativelines;theirplacementdirectionhighinthenorthwestandlowinthesoutheastisperfectlyconsistentwiththeJinshaSitegraveplacementdirection.Asweknow,graveplacementdirectionisoneofconsiderationsthatancientpeoplemostconcern,alsoithasspecialmeaning.Therefore,consistencyofmostStoneBiplacementdirectionwithgraveburrydirectionisnotjustacoincidence.Accordingtolegend,ancestorsofancientShupeoplecamefromtheMinshanMountaininthenorthwest.IfsuchdirectioninsacrificialofferingplacementexpressestherespectandmemoryofancientShupeopletotheirancestors?

Inthisphase,wealsofoundaburypitloadedwithStoneBiandstonestatues.(showwhereitis).Atthefirstsightwhenitwasunearthed,amouthopenstonetigerisfacingtothechestofastonekneelinghumanfigure,andneighboringareonepieceofstonesnakeandsomeStoneBi.Obviously,itisaspecialsacrificialscene.Asfar,nearly1000piecesofstonewareshavebeenunearthedinthewholesacrificialareawithwidevarietiesmainlyofZhang,Bi,tomahawk,axe,adze,chisel,kneelinghumanfigure,tiger,snake,tortoiseandsoon.Mostofthesearticleshaveclosetieswithancientartificialeventsratherthanlivingnecessities.Thekneelinghumanfigureandanimallikestonecarvingaltorelievoworksarebeautifullydesignedandtruetoreal,representingtheearliestandelitestonecarvingartworksfoundinChina.

Thesacrificialsiteswheregoldwares,bronzewaresandjadewaresareprevailedassacrificialofferingsaremostlyfoundinthesecondphase.Sacrificialofferingquantityalsovariedgreatlyforseveralpiecestomorethanhundredpieces.Thesearticleshavenotraceprovingtheyhaveoncebeenusedaslivingarticles,whicharesuperiortoothersingradeandmoreelegantincraftwork.Viewingtheirbasicfunctionandnature,theyaremostlikelyusedinreligiousactivities.Theyarefunctioningnotonlyastheobjectsstandingforthewealth,statusandsocialpositionoftherulingclassbutalsoasthemediaandritualarticlesforsorcererstocommunicatethegod,toworshiptheheaven,earth,mountainandriveraswellastheirancestors.Throughstudyonthesearticles,thespiritualworldofJinshapeopleisrevealed.

Sofar,over200piecesofgoldarticleshavebeenunearthedintheSacrificeAreamainlyincluding“SunandImmortalBird”goldornamentalarticle,goldcrownbelt,goldhumanfacemask,goldfrog-shapedarticleandsooncharacterizedwithelegantcraftworkandstrongartisticexpression.The“SunandImmortalBird”goldornamentalarticle,whichhasbeenrecognizedasLOGOofChineseCulturalHeritagelater,wasunearthedjustrighthereonFebruary25,2001(showingwhereitwasunearthed).

AmongallarticlesunearthedintheSacrificeArea,mostofthemarejadewareswithanaggregatenumberofmorethan2000pieces(showingwheretheyare)ofvariedtypesandelegantdesignandelitefabrication.Mostunearthedjadespresentbrightcolor,inthisregard,theyarequitedifferentfromthepreviousjadewaresfoundinthispartofarea.

Co-buryingofivoryandjadewaresassacrificialofferingsareverypopularinthesecondphaseandNo.10sacrificesiteisatypicalexampleofsuchco-buryingsacrificialofferings(showingwhereL10isunearthed).L10siteisonlyabout1.5m2big,wheresacrificialofferingsarelaidintwolayersupanddown.Thebottomlayerisdominatedbyjadewares,whiletheupperlayerburiesonlyivoriesandarrangesinhorizontalpatternaltogether7ivories.OnepieceofJadeZhangunearthedinthissiteiscarvedwithfourpairsofsymmetricalkneelinghumanfigurescarryingivoriesontheirshouldersinpair.ItisanimportantobjectthroughwhichwecanseehowancientShupeoplewerecarryingouttheirsacrificialactivitieswithivories;inaddition,itactsasanpersuadableevidencetoexplainwhysomanyivorieswerefoundinJinshaSiteandSanXingDuiSite.

Pit1unearthedrighthere(showingwheretheivorypitis)isthesacrificesitewithbestdesignandpatternandmostconcentratedburyingofculturalrelicsamongallothersacrificeheritagesfundinJinshaSite.Sacrificialarticlesarealsolaidinlayers.Thelowerlayerdepositedjadewaresandbronzewaresmostly.Duetothebottomunexcavated,thequantityofburiedjadeandbronzewaresisstillunknown.Theupperlayerburiedonlyivories.Observingthesectionalplane,therearealtogether8layersofpiledivories,andthelongestoneisuptonearly1.6m.Thedisplacementisfoundingoodpatternpresentingamagnificentandholyatmosphere.AlargenumberofivoriesareunearthedintheSacrificeArea.Throughscientificresearch,ivoriesfamilyandspeciescomefromAsianElephant.TheseivoriesaremostimportantofferingstoheavenandearthgodscontributedbyancientShupeople.However,howmanyelephantsandinwhatwaytobepresentedtogodaredifferedineachsacrificialactivity.

Wemayhavethisquestion,therearesomanyivoriesusedintheirsacrificialactivities,wheredidtheelephantscomefrom?WeretherewildelephantslivinginChengduPlanthousandsofyearsago?Earlywhen81ivorieswereunearthedinSanXingDuiSite,archaeologistsstartedtheirresearchandguessabouttheoriginofsacrificialelephants.Atthattime,expertsseemagreedonthetheoryofelephantcomingfromoutside.PeoplebelievedthoseelephantscamefromChinaYunnanProvinceorfromIndia.WhensomanyivorieswerepresentedtotheeyeofarchaeologistsandexpertsthistimeinJinshaSite,theywerepuzzledagainabouttheoriginofthoseelephants.QuitedifferentlyfromSanXingDuiresearch,thistime,thetheoryofelephantscomingfromlocalissuperiorovertheoryofelephantscomingfromoutside.Obviously,thereisnoanywildelephantlivinginChengduareaandeveninthewholelandofSichuanProvincenowadays.Ifthispointofviewthatancientelephantswerecomingfromlocalispositive,itmayimplythereisagreatdifferenceinweatherinChengduPlain3000yearsagovs.thepresent.Accordingtoscientificresearch,3000yearsagowasglobal-scalethermomerperiodwithaveragetemperature2~3℃higherthantoday.Sourcedfromliteraturerecords,wildelephants,atthattime,werefoundlivingintheChangjiangRiverreachesandthemiddleandlowerreachoftheYellowRiver.WildelephantismentionedinOracleInscriptionshownontortoiseshellsoranimalbonesofShanDynastysayingthatKingofShangwashuntingwildelephantsandsoldierswereridingelephantfightinginbattlefieldsinChinacentralplains.ShanHaiJing(LegendsofMountainsandSeas)·ZongCiJiuJingnotes“intheMinshanMountain……animalspeciesmostarerhinocerosandelephantandKuicattle"HuaYangGuoZhi(HistoryofHuaYangState)·ShuZhi(HistoryofShuState)alsorecords“thislandiscalled“TianFu”(landofabundance),originalnamewasHuaYang……intermsoftreasuresinthisland,BiJadeisoneofthem……also,rhinocerosandelephantsarefoundlivinginthisland…….”.WealsofoundapoemlineinShuDuFu(OdeofShuCapital)writtenbyfamouslitterateurZuoSiintheWesternHanDynastysinging:“jadegreenpeacocksareflyinginthesky,giantrhinocerosandelephantsareracingontheground”.Archaeologicalresearchersfoundandcollectedsomepreciousebonywoodintheancientriverwayrunningthroughthissite(showingwhereitis),besides,oldtreerootoflargevolumealsowasfound.Inadditiontothosefindings,elephantcheektooth,muntjacbone,andtoothofrhinoceros,badger,blackbear,cattleandhorse,andtwowellreservedelephantmandiblesalsowereunearthed.AlltheseabundantevidencespresentusavividpicturethatChengduPlaininJinshaTimewasagreenlandwithdensityandtallforest,whereclusteredandspeciesvariedanimalswerecompetingfortheirsurvivals.Therefore,wearemoreconfidenttodrawthisconclusionthatsuchkindofeco-environmentshallbeadequateforthelivingofwildelephant.ThereisgreatpossibilitythoseivoriesunearthedinJinshaSiteareoriginatedfromthelocalplace.

Conservationofivorystillisaglobalproblemeveninnowadays.Lookingintothereason,itisbecausethatunearthedivoryforarchaeologicalstudypurposeislimitedinquantity,whichresultsinshallowstudyonivoryprotectionmethods.Sofar,thereisnoanysuccessfulcaseworldwideinprotectingivory.Anotherreasonistheivorystructureitself,whichiscomposedlayerbylayersameastreewoodyearcircles.Oncetheivorymaterialonthetopsurfaceisdamaged,itwillquicklybeweatheredawayandturnedtobepowder,whichnolongercanberootedtothemothermaterial,leavingnullprotection.WhenivorywasfoundinJinshaSite,culturalrelicsconservationexpertsbegantolookforeffectiveprotectionmethod.Atthepresent,localbackfillupondiscoveryandorganosiliconsealingaretwomethodsusedinivoryprotectioninJinshaSite.

Alargenumberofbronzewareswerealsounearthedinthisplace.Thoughmajorityofthemaresmallsizedarticles,thereisnearlynodifferenceinvarietiesanddesigncomparedwiththatunearthedinSanXingDui.ThediscoveryofaccessorypartstolargesizedarticlesimpliestheexistenceofbigbronzewaresinJinshaSite.

Hereisaspecialdepositspot(bucktoothdepositspot)aswecansee,whichcoversanareaofabout300m2.Theburyingrightherearewildboarbucktooth,deerhornandmuntjachorn,whicharehugeinquantity.Alsosmallnumberofivory,jadeware,beautystoneandwellreservedpotterywarewereunearthedinthisspot.Throughcounting,wildboarbuckteethfoundhereareamountedtoseveralthousands,theyallarestomachteethofwildboars;interestingly,bonesotherthanteethofwildboar,deer,elephantandotheranimalsarenotfoundinthisspot.Itisimpossibletodiscardjadewareandivorytothefieldaslivinggarbage,sincetheyarerareandprecious.Therefore,itiscertainthatthisdepositspotisnotalivinggarbageyard.Throughnationalitystudyandintegratedresearchbasedonappropriatearchaeologicalmaterial,itisbelievedthatthisspotisrelatedcloselytoreligiousworshipactivities.Itisveryspecial,forthiskindofworshipspothasneverbeenfoundinotherarchaeologicalsitesoverChina.

IntheSacrificeArea,wealsodiscoveredthattortoiseshellauguryforforecastofgoodandevilwasverypopularinJinshasociety.Tortoiseshellisatoolusedbywizardtopracticedivination.DiscoveryoflargeamountoftortoiseshellprovedthatwitchcraftactivitiesinJinshaTimewereprevailing.Besides,thereisevidencetosupportthatJinshapeoplewereusinglargeamountofpotterywaresassacrificialofferings.No.28Siteisoneofsuchexamples.Thisspothasanareaof13m2.Sacrificialofferingsfoundheremainlyareconicalcupandpotwithtotalquantityuptoover100pieces.Co-existenceoflargenumberofconicalcupandpotinaconcentratedplacewherethereisnootherobjectshaveprovedthatsuchcupsandpotsarenotlivingwastes.Iftheywerelivingwastes,theywouldbemixedupwithallkindsofpotteries.T