【優(yōu)選】材料專業(yè)英語課件化學(xué)專業(yè)英語學(xué)與教PPT文檔

學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)專業(yè)英語的

目的與意義

?與大家一塊探討化學(xué)

專業(yè)英語的教與學(xué)

TheNomenclatureofInorganicCompounds:1)Namingmetaloxides,basesandsalts:a)allmonatomicanionshavenamesendingwithide;twopolyatomicanionswhichalsohavenamesendingwithidearethehydroxideionOH-,andthecyanideion,CN-.b)Manypolyatomicanionscontainoxygeninadditiontoanotherelement.Thenumberofoxygenatomsinsuchoxyanionsisdenotedbytheuseofthesulffixesiteandate,meaningfewerandmoreoxygenatoms.TheNomenclatureofInorganicCompounds:Incaseswhereitisnecessarytodenotemorethentwooxyanionsofthesameelement,theprefixeshypoandper,meaningstillfewerandstillmoreoxygenatoms,respectively,maybeused.e.g.hypochlorite(ClO-),chlorite(ClO2-),chlorate(ClO3-),perchlorate(ClO4-);permanganate(MnO4-).TheNomenclatureofInorganicCompounds:2)Namingnonmetaloxides:Theprefixesusedaremono-(mon-),di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-,hexa-,hepata-,octa-,nona-anddeca-.Generallytheletteraisomittedfromtheprefix(fromtetraon)whennaminganonmetaloxideandoftenmono-isomittedfromthenamealtogether.E.g.SO3sulfur(VI)oxideorsulfurtrioxide;N2O3nitrogen(III)

oxide

ordinitrogentrioxideP2O5phosphorus(V)oxideordiphosphoruspentoxideTheNomenclatureofInorganicCompounds:3)Namingacids:---ate→---icacid---ite→---ousacid---ide→hydro---icacidE.g.:acetate→aceticacid;chlorite→chlorousacid;cyanide→hydrocyanicacid;permanganate→permanganicacid.化學(xué)專業(yè)英語與英文化學(xué)

論文寫作論文的框架結(jié)構(gòu):InstructionsforAuthors（內(nèi)容，格式，參考文獻的引法以及打印的方式）

對分析化學(xué)，無機化學(xué)，物理化學(xué)及配位化學(xué)的論文，最常見的格式為:Abstract-Introduction-Experimental-ResultsandDisscussion1.論文的框架結(jié)構(gòu)對有機化學(xué)，金屬有機方面的論文常見的寫法為Introduction-Results&Discussion-Experimental.此外，一篇完整的論文還應(yīng)有一個GraphicalAbstract、Abstract、Reference、CorrespondingAuthor和

Acknowledgement。其他類型的文章還有：Review、LetterandShortPaper.2.時態(tài)與語態(tài)

正確使用時態(tài)和語態(tài)，能使句子充滿情感，使文章大放異彩。在化學(xué)論文中，最常用的時態(tài)有三種，既現(xiàn)在時、過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時；主動態(tài)與被動態(tài)都可使用，很少使用虛擬語氣。Abstract ThedevelopmentofahighlyefficientandstereoselectivemethodologyforthepreparationofR-aminoacidsisdescribed.Thechiraltemplate,tricycliciminolactone7,wassynthesized

from(1R)-(+)-camphorinfivestepsin50%overallyield.Alkylationofiminolactone7affordedthea-monosubstitutedproductsingoodyields(74-96%)andexcellentdiastereoselectivities(>98%).Hydrolysisofthealkylatediminolactonesfurnishedthedesireda-aminoacidsingoodyieldsandenantioselectivitieswithnearlyquantitativerecoveryofthechiralauxiliary4.IntroductionNonproteinogenicaminoacidshavereceivedtremendousattentionrecently.Theyarewidelyusedforbiological,biochemical,andpharmaceuticalstudies.Theyhavealsobeenutilizedaschiralstartingmaterialsinorganicsynthesisandforthepreparationofchiralauxiliaries.RapidprogressinthedevelopmentofactivepeptidesrequiresthereadyavailabilityofalargenumberofstructurallydiverseD-aminoacids.Consequently,anefficientandconvenientgeneralmethodforthepreparationofopticallypureenantiomersofa-substituteda-aminoacidswouldbeofgeneralinterest.

AspartofourefforttodevelopsyntheticproceduresforthepreparationofopticallyactiveR-aminoacids,wehaveinvestigatedtheutilityofcompoundsderivedfromcamphor,aversatileandinexpensivechiralstartingmaterialinasymmetricsynthesis,aschiralauxiliaries.Indevelopinganasymmetricglycineequivalent,wefocusedourattentiononthecamphor-basedtricycliciminolactone7forthefollowingreasons:(1)Acyclicsystemwillallowforamorerigidtransitionstatethanthecorrespondingacyclicone,whichcouldenhancethestericeffectoftheauxiliaryincontrollingthestereochemistryofthereaction.

(2)Unlikeacyclicesters,lactonesgiverisetoonlytheZ-enolates,whichinturnwillprovideasinglealkylatedproductiftheelectrophileapproachesspecificallyfromoneoftheenolatereactionfaces.

(3)TheC12-methylgroupofcamphorcouldblockthetopfaceofthealkylationstepandthusresultingoodstereoselectivity.(4)Boththeimineandthelactonefunctionalitiescanbehydrolyzedeasilytoformtheaminoacidswiththepossibilityofrecoveringthechiralauxiliary.(5)Camphorisinexpensiveandreadilyavailable.Therefore,iminolactone7isexpectedtoformarigidtransitionstateupondeprotonationandtheelectrophileisexpectedtocomeinfromthelesshinderedbottomsideofthelactonetoproducethealkylatedproductinhighdiastereomericpurity.WenowreportapracticalandhighlystereoselectiveroutetothesynthesisofR-aminoacidsviathistricycliciminolactonederivativeofcamphor.3．復(fù)合詞的構(gòu)成

隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，新材料、新方法、新概念不斷涌現(xiàn)，為了及時描述這些新事物，通?？捎脦讉€詞連接起來用。這些新出現(xiàn)的合成術(shù)語沒有固定的構(gòu)詞法，很大程度取決于作者最初的命名。如：Spacenuclearauxiliarypower（空間核輔助能源）Programmedtemperaturegaschromatography（程序升溫氣相色譜）。4．常用的詞頭與詞尾

a常用詞頭：anti-

反對，反抗；antiforthingagent（消泡劑）；auto-

自動，自身；autoimmune（自身免疫）；bi-di-

雙，二及聯(lián)；此外bi-還含有“酸式”之意；bifunctionalextractant,biborate,diacyl（二?；?；by-

副的，次要的；co-

共，一起；co-worker;co-exist.

de-

去，出去；deprotonation,deionizedwater;a.常用詞頭：dis-

無，解除；disorder（無序），displace（頂換）；equi-

等同；equilibrium（平衡），equivalence（相當，等價）；hemi-

半；hemiacetal，hemiglobin（變性血紅素,高鐵血紅）；hetero-

其他的,不同的,異；heteroaromaticcompound（芳香雜環(huán)化合物），heterocatalysis（非均相催化，異相催化）；homo-

相同；homogeneous（同類的,相似的,均一的）；hyper-

超級,超過,超越,在...之上,高于,過度；hypersensitive（非常敏感的）；inter-

在一起,交互；interactionenergy（相互作用能）；mono-

單一；monoatomicsemiconductor（單質(zhì)半導(dǎo)體）；monoacid（一元的,單酸的）；multi-

多，多種，多個；multi-user（多用戶）；multianalysis（多元分析）；non-

非,無,不；non-ferrous（有色金屬的，非鐵或鋼的）；poly-

多的,多個的,多于一的；polyacetylene（聚乙炔）；polymer（聚合體）；semi-

半,不完全地；semiabstract(繪畫、雕塑)半抽象的；sub-

下，在下；低于，次于，副；亞，次；sub-postoffice（郵政支局）；subscript（寫在下方的，下標）；biology;physiology（生理學(xué)）；monoacid（一元的,單酸的）；-graph名詞詞尾；此外，一篇完整的論文還應(yīng)有一個TheNomenclatureofInorganicCompounds:Theyhavealsobeenutilizedaschiralstartingmaterialsinorganicsynthesisandforthepreparationofchiralauxiliaries.semiabstract(繪畫、雕塑)半抽象的；InstructionsforAuthors（內(nèi)容，格式，參考文獻的引法以及打印的方式）-ish形容詞詞尾,帶┈色的；c/o=careof由┈轉(zhuǎn)交；(3)TheC12-methylgroupofcamphorcouldblockthetopfaceofthealkylationstepandthusresultingoodstereoselectivity.2)Namingnonmetaloxides:super-上面，超；WenowreportapracticalandhighlystereoselectiveroutetothesynthesisofR-aminoacidsviathistricycliciminolactonederivativeofcamphor.此外，一篇完整的論文還應(yīng)有一個equilibrium（平衡），equivalence（相當，等價）；這些新出現(xiàn)的合成術(shù)語沒有固定的構(gòu)詞法，很大程度取決于作者最初的命名。-meter名詞詞尾;thermometer（溫度計）；anti-反對，反抗；multianalysis（多元分析）；化學(xué)專業(yè)英語與英文化學(xué)

論文寫作nitrite,sulfite;Incaseswhereitisnecessarytodenotemorethentwooxyanionsofthesameelement,theprefixeshypoandper,meaningstillfewerandstillmoreoxygenatoms,respectively,maybeused.b)Manypolyatomicanionscontainoxygeninadditiontoanotherelement.-ide,名詞詞尾,┈化物，bromide,chloride,hydroxide,cyanide.N2O3nitrogen(III)oxideordinitrogentrioxideCA中的縮寫詞很多，查閱時可參見相應(yīng)卷中的說明，或查閱縮略語大詞典；-ate,名詞詞尾;┈酸鹽（酯）；Programmedtemperaturegaschromatography（程序升溫氣相色譜）。hypochloriteIndevelopinganasymmetricglycineequivalent,wefocusedourattentiononthecamphor-basedtricycliciminolactone7forthefollowingreasons:(1)Acyclicsystemwillallowforamorerigidtransitionstatethanthecorrespondingacyclicone,whichcouldenhancethestericeffectoftheauxiliaryincontrollingthestereochemistryofthereaction.2)Namingnonmetaloxides:與大家一塊探討化學(xué)

專業(yè)英語的教與學(xué)-ite,名詞詞尾,亞┈酸鹽（酯）；super-

上面，超；superscript（寫在上邊的，上角文字，上標）；supersaturate（使過度飽和）；syn-

共,合；synchronal（同時的,同步的）；ultra-

極端，過度；ultrapurity（超純度）；ultravacuum（超真空）；under-

不足；undercharge（充電不足）；underconstrained（約束過少的，無定解的，未限定的）hypo-

在...之下,亞,次,次于,不足,從屬于；hypochlorite（次氯酸鹽）；per-

高；permanganate（高錳酸鹽）；b.常見的詞尾：-ance,-ence,-ancy,-ency

均為名詞詞尾；importance,difference,efficiency;-ant,-ent

既可作名詞詞尾又可作形容詞詞尾；solvent,constant,important,different.-fold

在數(shù)詞后表示“倍”；

five-fold;-free

無┈的；dust-free,solvent-free;-graph

名詞詞尾；monograph（專著）；spectrograph（光譜儀）；-ible,-ic,-ical

形容詞詞尾