新視野大學(xué)英語(第三版)讀寫教程Book4-Unit7-Section-A-The-coming-energy-crisis課件

4Unit7EnergyandfoodcrisesFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSHEBEIUNIVERSITY2applythereadingskill–identifyingtheauthor’spurpose3writeanessayfollowingthestructureofcause-and-effect4practicethetranslationskill–passivevoice5developacriticalviewonenergycrisisusethekeylanguagetotalkaboutenergycrisis1

ObjectivesSectionAThecomingenergycrisisProjectoftheunitInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectforecastingInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitLead-inStep1WatchthevideoclipandtrytodescribetheenergycrisisintheUnitedStates.TaskTalkingaboutenergycrisisProjectoftheunitLead-inProjectoftheunitLead-inReferenceanswers：

TheproblemintheUnitedStatesisthatpeopledonotknowwheretheenergycomesfrom.Otherproblems:environment,securityissues.Weuseenergybutwedonotknowtheconsequences.Weseldomreallythinkaboutourenergysupplyunlesswehaveanenergyemergency.Theonlywayistomoveourselvesfromoil.Theworldisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Somegenerationmaypayforthatifnotourgeneration.Step2Lookatthefollowingpicturesanddiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairs.ProjectoftheunitLead-in1. Whatkindsofenergyarethey?Aretheytraditionalornew?WindenergynewBiomassenergynewNuclearenergynewCoaltraditionalProjectoftheunitLead-inTidalenergynewGeothermalenergynew地?zé)崮躊rojectoftheunitLead-inSolarenergynewOsmoticenergynew鹽差能ProjectoftheunitLead-inWaveenergynewGastraditionalProjectoftheunitLead-in2. Afterknowingaboutvariouskindsofenergy,doyouthinknewenergywillreplacetraditionalenergy?Althoughrenewableenergiesarenotyeteconomicallycompetitivewithfossilfuels,theirpricebecomesmoreattractivewhencomparedwiththehealthandenvironmentalcostsassociatedwithburningcoalandoil.Perhapsthebestsolutiontoourgrowingenergychallengescomeslikethis:

“Oursociety’sfuturesuccesscannothingeononesinglesolution.Theanswerinsteadmustcomefromafamilyofdiverseenergytechnologiesthatshareaunifiedpurpose–theydonotdepleteournaturalresourcesordestroyourenvironment.”ProjectoftheunitLead-inLead-inInspiringyourthoughtsEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitProjectforecastingAstheworld’spopulationrapidlygrows,responsiblemembersofsocietyareincreasinglyconcernedabouttwoprominentissues:theenergyandfoodcrisis.Althoughseeminglyseparate,thetwoissuesare,infact,closelyrelated.Highenergycostsdriveupthecostsofgrowing,producinganddeliveringfood.Whatarethemajorcausesofaglobalfoodshortage?Whatchallengesdowefaceinusingrenewableenergysuchassolarandwindenergy?Whatdoyouthinkarefeasiblesolutionstotheenergyandfoodcrisis?That’swhatyouareexpectedtolearnandtalkaboutinthisunit.Pleasegetpreparedbydoingthefollowingactivities.ProjectoftheunitEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitInspiringyourthoughtsGlobalunderstandingDetailedunderstandingReadthroughthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whyourworld’sthirstforenergytripled?2)Whatisourchoiceinthefuture?GlobalunderstandingofthetextInspiringyourthoughtsGlobalunderstandingTaskStep1InspiringyourthoughtsGlobalunderstandingReferenceanswers：

1)Whyourworld’sthirstforenergytripled?Theworld’sthirstforenergytripledbecauseoftherapidincreaseofpopulation,theindustrializedage,etc.2)Whatisourchoiceinthefuture?Wehavetoprepareforanewageofenergysynthesis.InspiringyourthoughtsGlobalunderstandingWorkingroupsoffourandreadParas.5-8again.Eachgroupchoosesonetypeofnewenergyanddiscussitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Step2Takebiomassenergyasanexample:Advantages:Biomassenergythatcomesintheformofdeadtrees,leaves,animalcorpsesandfoodprocessingwasteexistsinabundanceandcannotbedepletive.Disadvantages:

Thereisnowaytoventilatethedirectburningofbiomassasfuelwithoutdiffusingcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Thesegasescanposearisktotheozonelayer,increasingoverallexposureofhumanbeingstoharmfulUVraysfromthesun.Besides,ittakestimeandmoneytocollectandtransportbiomassinitsrawformtoacertainpointforpossessingintofuel,andtheautomationofsuchaprocessistoodifficult.InspiringyourthoughtsGlobalunderstandingEnhancingyourskillsPresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitInspiringyourthoughtsGlobalunderstandingDetailedunderstandingInspiringyourthoughts1)Whatenergysourceshastheworlddependedonforitsindustrialdevelopmentinthepast?2)Accordingtothetext,whataretheproblemsoffossilfuels?3)WhataretheproblemsofnuclearpoweraccordingtoParagraph2?4)Whatdoes“thehoneymoonmaysoonbeover”(Para.2)mean?5)Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbiomassenergy?6)Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebestsolutiontotheworld’senergyproblem?Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.Task1DetailedunderstandingofthetextDetailedunderstandingInspiringyourthoughtsReferenceanswers：

Whatenergysourceshastheworlddependedonforitsindustrialdevelopmentinthepast?Theworldhasdependedmainlyonnon-renewablefossilfuelslikecoal,oilandnaturalgasforitsindustrialdevelopmentinthepast.Detailedunderstanding2)Accordingtothetext,whataretheproblemsoffossilfuels?Fossilfuelshavetwomajorproblems:Theirsupplyislimited,andtheycausehealthandenvironmentalproblems.tobecontinuedInspiringyourthoughts3)WhataretheproblemsofnuclearpoweraccordingtoParagraph2?1.Nuclearpowerisnotreallycheapwhenallcostsareconsidered;2.Disastrousnuclearaccidentscouldhappen;3.Nuclearwastecanbeusedimproperlytocausedamage.Detailedunderstanding4)Whatdoes“thehoneymoonmaysoonbeover”(Para.2)mean?Itmeansthatthetimewhenthereissufficientsupplyofcheapenergyfromfossilfuelswillsoonbeover.Here“honeymoon”isusedmetaphorically.tobecontinuedInspiringyourthoughts5)Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbiomassenergy?Biomassenergyisarenewableenergyoption,buttheproductionofitcancauseairpollutionandozonelayerdepletion.Theprocessofproducingitisalsocomplicatedandcostly.Detailedunderstanding6)Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebestsolutiontotheworld’senergyproblem?Accordingtotheauthor,thebestsolutiontotheworld’senergyproblemmustcomefromvariousenergytechnologiesthatarenon-damagingtotheenvironment,ratherthanfromanysingletechnology.InspiringyourthoughtsDoyouthinktheworldwillexperienceanenergycrisisinthenearfuture?Whyorwhynot?Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestion.Task2CriticalthinkingDetailedunderstandingYes.Because:?Non-renewablefossilfuelsarebeingusedup.?Nuclearenergyisnotsafe.?Renewableenergyalternativesarestilltooexpensive,andcan’tbeusedonalargescale.?Populationisincreasingfast.?Developingcountriesdemandmoreenergythanbeforebecauseoftheireconomicdevelopment.InspiringyourthoughtsDetailedunderstandingNo.Because:?Thereisstillabundantoilandnaturalgasintheground.Therearemoreknownreservesnowthantherehaveeverbeen.?Conservationwillplayarole.?Energyefficientproductsandbuildingsarebecomingmoreandmorecommon.?Newenergytechnologiesarebeingdevelopedandperfected.PresentingyourprojectProjectoftheunitInspiringyourthoughts

StructureanalysisEnhancingyourskills

Languagehighlighting

LanguagelearningLanguagefocusAnessayofcause-and-effectWorkingroups.Addalisttoyourwordbankofspecialtermsforenergy.Step1Task1Learningwordsandexpressionstotalkaboutenergybiomassplantoranimalsubstancesusedforfuelhydroelectricityelectricityproducedbywaterpowerrenewablesourcessourcesthatcanberenewedsolarenergyenergyfromthesunthatisconvertedintoelectricitygeologyasciencethatdealswiththehistoryofearthdepletiontheactofdecreasingsth.markedlyStep2

Matchthewordswiththeirmeanings.LanguagefocusLanguagelearningEnhancingyourskillsdiffuseslashintricateindefiniteextinctfringeunifyventilatereducesth.byalargeamountnotexistinganymoremakeheat,light,liquid,etc.spreadthroughsth.verydetailedindesignorstructurevagueornotclearlydefinedorstatedtheouteredgeofsth.allowfreshairtoenteraroomorbuildingbringtogetherforacommonpurposeorinasharedsituation1) Theworldhealthorganizationwasestablishedin1948,andoneofitsfirstresponsibilitiesthenwasto_____theseparateinternationalhealth-relatedtreatiesinasinglecode.Becauseofover-hunting,thenumberofcertaintypesofwhaleshasbeenreducedsogreatlythattheyareindangerofbecoming______.Onlineshoppingandotherelectronicservicescouldwell_____thenumberofentry-leveljobsinthetraditionalretailsector.extinctslashunifyextinctslashunifyFillintheblankswiththewordsinthebox.LanguagefocusLanguagelearningStep3Enhancingyourskills4) Thetheaterisequippedwitha(n)_________systemofstagemachinerytomeetthedemandofeventhemostcomplexshow.5) Thesenator,whowasagainstthewar,claimedthatwithallthe_________andcomplexeconomicandpoliticalfactors,theoutcomeofthewarwasstilluncertain.6) Whileconservationstodayplayadominantroleinmainstreampolitics,therewasonceatimewhentheywereonthe_______ofAricatefringeindefiniteintricateindefinitefringeLanguagefocusLanguagelearningEnhancingyourskills7) Theworld’snationalparksarefacedwithgreatchallengesinbalancingeconomicactivityandenvironmental___________.8) Expertspointoutthatpeoplewillreadilyseetheneedto________theirhomesforfreshairtogetridofvirusesthatmaycausedisease.9) Ifproperlymanaged,thislarge_______willcreatebotharenewablesourceofenergyandmaximumrubberproduction.preservationventilateventilatepreservationclearingclearingLanguagefocusLanguagelearningEnhancingyourskills10) Whiletheenergymarketshareforcoal______________declineinmanypartsoftheworld,coalisstillexpectedtobethemostcommonfuelinthenextfewdecades.11) Thespeedatwhichnewtechnologiesareadoptedand______canaffecttheabilityofinnovatorstoflourishinaparticulareconomy.12) Iwouldliketopurchasemyownhome.I________________rates,mortgageandhouseinsuranceandit’sonlyabitmoreexpensivethanwhatIcurrentlypayinrent.isprojectedtodiffuseddiffusebeprojectedtofactorinhavefactoredinLanguagefocusLanguagelearningEnhancingyourskills13)Beforegoingfurther,letme_________animportantpointabouttheorganizationsthatareinvolvedinthisresearchprogram.14) Accordingtothereport,therewasnoevidenceshowingthatthesebiotechproductswould____________humanlifeorhealth.15) Globalstabilitywill________theabilityofnationstosharethefruitsofashrinkingplanetinharmonyandwithgreaterequity.clearupposearisktoposearisktoclearuphingeonhingeonLanguagefocusLanguagelearningEnhancingyourskills1.triple(Para.1)v.increasebythreetimesasmuch,ormakesth.dothis（使）成為三倍，增加兩倍Translation:幾年中，他將房子的面積擴(kuò)大到了原來的三倍。Withinafewyears,hetripledthesizeofthehouse.EnhancingyourskillsTask2DetailedlearningofkeyvocabularyLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1.triple(Para.1)a. involvingthreethingsofthesamekind有三個同類事物的；三重的Translation:她的教練是三屆奧運(yùn)會冠軍。HertrainerisatripleOlympicchampion.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting2.extinct(Para.2)a. (ofanimal,plant,orlanguage,etc.)notexistinganymore（動、植物或語言等）滅絕的，絕種的，消失的Translation:按照目前的下降速度，許多雨林動物不到十年就會滅絕。Atthecurrentrateofdecline,manyoftherainforestanimalscouldbecomeextinctinlessthan10years.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingextinctdistinctextinguishDistinguishthefollowingthreewordswhichhaverelevantformsbutdifferentmeaningsandfillintheblanks.extinct:a.

滅絕的；絕種的；熄滅的distinct:

a.

明顯的；獨(dú)特的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的extinguish:vt.（火）熄滅；（希望等）破滅；滅絕EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)

這消息使她對理查德返回的希望破滅了。

Themessage___________herhopeofRichard’sreturn.2)科學(xué)家指出引起這種瘟疫的疾病很可能已經(jīng)消亡了。Scientistsarguethatthediseasethatcausedtheplagueislikelytobe_______.3)工程學(xué)和工藝學(xué)是互不相同的學(xué)科，也不同于理科。

Engineeringandtechnologyaredisciplines_______fromoneanotherandfromscience.extinguishedextinctdistinctEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting3.synthesis(Para.3)n.(pl.syntheses)1.[C,U]acombinationofdifferentthings,ortheprocessofcombiningthings綜合物；綜合體；綜合

Translation:這本書在很多方面是他以前作品的集大成之作。Thisbookisinmanywaysagrandsynthesisofhispreciousworks.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting3.synthesis(Para.3)n.(pl.syntheses)2.[U]theactofmakingachemicalorbiologicalsubstance合成Translation:這種物質(zhì)阻礙蛋白質(zhì)的合成。Thissubstancepreventsthesynthesisofproteins.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)他的小說融合了大量巴爾干半島的歷史和神話故事。Hisnovelsarearich________ofBalkanhistoryandmythology.2)經(jīng)過大量研究之后，艾伯特·霍夫曼于1938年首次成功合成了迷幻劑。

Afterextensiveresearch,AlbertHoffmanfirstsucceededin__________theLSD(Lysergids)in1938.3)系統(tǒng)仿真是一門包含多學(xué)科的綜合技術(shù)。System

simulationtechnology

is

a

_________

technologycombiningmultipledisciplines.Fillintheblankswithdifferentformsofthewordsynthesis.synthesissynthesizingsyntheticalEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting4.confederation(Para.4)n.[C]agroupofpeopleororganizationsthatareunited同盟；聯(lián)盟Translation:這兩個國家很可能在將來組成一個聯(lián)盟。Thetwocountriesmaywellformaconfederationinthefuture.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)Whilerenewableenergysourcesarepromising,aninternational___________ofscientistsandengineersisworkingfeverishlytoovercomethevariousobstaclesassociatedwithnewenergy.盡管可再生能源前景樂觀，一個由科學(xué)家和工程師組成的國際聯(lián)盟卻正在積極工作，努力克服與新能源相關(guān)的各種障礙。2)Our______purposeistofightagainstenergydepletion.我們的共同目標(biāo)是對抗能源匱乏。confederationunificationFillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthefollowingwords.confederationunifiedEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLricate(Para.5)a.verydetailedindesignorstructure復(fù)雜精細(xì)的；盤根錯節(jié)的Translation:他仔細(xì)查看了所有剪紙，尋找最復(fù)雜精細(xì)的圖案。Heexaminedallthepapercuts,lookingforthemostintricatedesigns.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingintricatesophisticatedcomplexcomplex:a.復(fù)雜的，側(cè)重內(nèi)在關(guān)系的復(fù)雜，需通過仔細(xì)研究與了解才能掌握和運(yùn)用intricate:

a.復(fù)雜的；錯綜的，著重指錯綜復(fù)雜，令人迷惑sophisticated:a.復(fù)雜的；精致的，多指人世故的，圓滑的EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingDistinguishthefollowingthreewordsandfillintheblanks.1)第一個是個復(fù)雜纏結(jié)的網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)，好像由巨大的金屬線條組成。

Thefirst

one

isan

________

network

of

whatappearstobehugemetallicstripes.

2)這些人是外交領(lǐng)域干練的觀察員。

Thesepeoplearevery___________observersoftheforeignpolicyscene.3)這個方案牽涉許多復(fù)雜的技術(shù)問題。

This

project

involves

a

lot

of________

technical

problems.

intricatesophisticatedcomplexEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting6.excavation(Para.7)n.[U]theprocessofmakingaholeinthegroundbydiggingupsoiletc.挖掘；開鑿Translation:他們的注意力集中在花園旁邊的挖掘機(jī)上。Theirattentionwasfocusedontheexcavationmachinenexttothegardens.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting7.clearup(Para.7)1. makeaplacetidybyremovingthingsyounolongerwant清理；收拾Translation:媽媽回來之前我必須收拾好房間。Imustclearupmyroombeforemymotherreturns.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting7.clearup(Para.7)2. (ofweather)getsbetter（天氣）好轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)晴Translation:天氣預(yù)報(bào)說夜間天氣會轉(zhuǎn)好，結(jié)果卻下了一整夜大雨。Theweatherforecasthadsaidthatitwouldclearuplateintheevening,butitrainedfuriouslyallnightlong.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1)早餐后，他們玩的時(shí)候我在收拾。

AfterbreakfasttheyplayedwhileIclearedup.Translatethefollowingsentencesbyusingthephraseclearup.2)這一切都取決于天氣放晴。

Italldependsontheweatherclearingup.3)應(yīng)該有你可以征求意見或?yàn)槟憬鉀Q問題的人。

Thereshouldbesomeonetowhomyoucanturnforadviceortoclearupproblems.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingMeaningExamples-enceasuffixthatisusedwithsomeadjectivestoformanoun,whichreferstothestateorqualitydescribedbytheoriginaladjective.

confident–confidenceintelligent–intelligencepresent–presenceexcellent–excellenceEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask3WordformationMeaningExamples-ionasuffixthatisusedwithsomeverbstoformnounswhichdescribesthestateoftheverbs.depress–depressiondistribute–distributionregister–registrationconserve–conservationclassify–classificationEnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlighting1.Thesegasescanposearisktotheozonelayer,increasingoverallexposureofhumanbeingstoharmfulUVraysfromthesun.(Para.8)posearisktosth.:createadifficultordangeroussituationforsth.對…造成危險(xiǎn)Translation:這些氣體會對臭氧層造成威脅，增加人們受到來自太陽的有害紫外線照射的危險(xiǎn)。

EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask4Sentenceanalysis2.Oursociety’sfuturesuccesscannothingeononesinglesolution.(Para.8)hingeon/uponsth.:dependcompletelyonsth.依…而定；

取決于…Translation:未來我們社會的成功不能依賴于某一單一的解決方案。EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingfactorsth.in/factorinsth.:把…計(jì)入oncehailedas“toocheaptometer”作插入語使行文更加流暢簡潔，清晰易懂。Meaning:Nuclearenergy,whichwasonceapplaudedas“toocheaptomeasure”,hasneverbeensuccessfulinsavingmoneywhenallcostsaretakenintoaccount.EnhancingyourskillsLanguagefocusLanguagehighlightingTask5LanguageappreciationNuclearenergy,oncehailedas“toocheaptometer”,hasneverbeeneconomicallysuccessfulwhenallcostsarefactoredin.(Para.2)LanguagehighlightingLanguagelearningLanguagefocusStructureanalysisAnessayofcause-and-effectEnhancingyourskillsReadthetextagainandfindoutwhetheritfocusesoncausesoreffects.

Step1Itfocusesoncauses.Thewholeessayisaboutthecausesofenergycrisis.EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAnessayofcause-and-effectTask1Identifyingthewayofdevelopinganessayofcause-and-effectByreasons.Paragraphs2,5,6,7and8,eachtellingusonereasonofenergycrisis.EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisHowisthisidea(topicsentence)supported?Step2Anessayofcause-and-effectDiscussingroupswhichthetopicsentenceisandhowitissupported.

ConcludethestructureofParagraph8inTextA.

Step3EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisAnessayofcause-and-effectBiomassenergyderivedfromplantandanimalmatterisstillanotherrenewablesourcebeingconsideredasastandbyreplacementforfossilfuels.Organicwasteintheformofdeadtrees,leaves,animalcorpsesandfoodprocessingwasteexistsinabundanceandcanbeusedtoproduceenergy.However,thereisnowaytoventilatethedirectburningofbiomassasfuelwithoutdiffusingcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Thesegasescanposearisktotheozonelayer,increasingoverallexposureofhumanbeingstoharmfulUVraysfromthesun.Besides,ittakestimeandmoneytocollectandtransportbiomassinitsrawformtoacentralpointforprocessingintofuel,andtheautomationofsuchaprocessistoodifficult.So,forthetimebeing,biomasshastoomanycostlydrawbackstobeaworkablealternativetofossilfuels.Cause2EnhancingyourskillsStructureanalysisCause1Anessayofcause-and-effectTopicsentence: