高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)秀專題二十六高中英語復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解科普說明文課件

027-2020高中英語復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解科普說明文科普說明文是高考閱讀理解中的重點與難點,特點是科技詞匯多，句子長且結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，理論性和邏輯性又都較強(qiáng)，話題陌生且枯燥，表達(dá)方式專業(yè)化,因此看這類文章覺得是霧里看花。科普說明文1.文章中詞匯的意義比較單一、穩(wěn)定、簡明，不帶感情色彩，具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點。綜觀整篇文章可以明顯看出，它沒有文學(xué)英語中常采用的排比、比喻、夸張等修飾手段，一詞多義的現(xiàn)象也不多見。2.句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，語法分析較困難。為了描述一個客觀事物，嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)自己的思想，作者經(jīng)常會使用集多種語法現(xiàn)象與一體的長句。3.常使用被動語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。4.常使用雙重否定句科普說明文主要特點標(biāo)題(Headlines):文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，高考這類閱讀理解材料一般也不給標(biāo)題，而要同學(xué)們選擇標(biāo)題導(dǎo)語(Introductions):一般位于整篇文章的首段背景(Background):交待一個事實的起因主體(Mainbody):對導(dǎo)語概括的事實進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述結(jié)尾(Ends):往往也是中心思想的概括，并與導(dǎo)語相呼應(yīng)，命題者常在此要設(shè)計一道推理判斷題。結(jié)構(gòu):要做好這類閱讀理解題，先要掌握這類文章的特點和結(jié)構(gòu)，真正讀懂并理解它。其次，工夫在課外，平時一定要多讀科技幻想類文章比如：太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計算機(jī)發(fā)展、人類未來、動物世界等。特別是從網(wǎng)上搜尋一些取材原版、內(nèi)容時新、語言鮮活的科技幻想類材料閱讀。這樣長期堅持，既可以增長知識、開闊視野，又可以擴(kuò)充科技詞匯，還能提高解決這種的能力,何樂而不為？備考提醒看首段確定主題，解決文章大意以及寫作目的類的題目。如果有however,yet之類的詞，要關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的內(nèi)容。Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教)，birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom'scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.本文的主題句_____________________________________.預(yù)測下文講什么______________________________.攻略一：看首段，明主題Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教)，birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom'scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.本文的主題句:Babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.預(yù)測下文講什么:Anexamplewillbegiventoshowanew-bornchickimitatehismom'scall.說明文一般說明以下內(nèi)容：Newfindings,newproducts,newproblems,newphenomenon說明文一般有固有的模式，了解固有模式有助于對文章的整體把握。攻略二:理框架，抓整體科普說明文，先要明白說明什么對于研究，要明白研究的目的，研究過程以及研究得出的結(jié)論。劃出研究得出的結(jié)論性的詞，如：suggest,show,find,turnout1.提出觀點（新發(fā)現(xiàn)）

2.解釋觀點(新發(fā)現(xiàn))

3.實驗（方法、結(jié)果、用途）4.展望

典型外刊科技說明文結(jié)構(gòu)

Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom'scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKIeindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs,Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughttheredbackedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.”Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”KIeindorferasks.”O(jiān)urresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”無關(guān)緊要的詞匯"跳過去"Skipinsignificantwords在考試中，有百分之十的生詞都不會干擾你做題。(思考：下列句子那些成分可以省去不看)Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教)，birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).攻略三：突破生僻詞匯Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教)，birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.猜出影響閱讀的詞匯根據(jù)對比確定詞義Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教)，birdscouldruletheroost.

AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthentheirmom'scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.根據(jù)對比確定詞義Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教)，birdscouldruletheroost.

AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthentheirmom'scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.bethebest根據(jù)解釋確定詞義Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular"feedme!"call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular"feedme!"call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.

去枝葉，留主干找連詞，劃分句還真相，降難度看標(biāo)點，理思路攻略四：破譯長難句找出句子的主干以及修飾成分1.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular"feedme!"call.2.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.3.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom'svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.1.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular"feedme!"call.2.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.3.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom'svoice

wererewardedwiththemostfood.判斷類型:細(xì)節(jié)題？推理題？弄懂題干,定位原文,轉(zhuǎn)換信息攻略五：判斷轉(zhuǎn)換WhatareKleindorfer'sfindingsbasedon?A.SimilaritiesbetweenthecallsmomsandchicksB.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustraliaC.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland'slocals.D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.WhatareKleindorfer'sfindingsbasedon?

A.SimilaritiesbetweenthecallsmomsandchicksB.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustraliaC.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland'slocals.D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.先弄懂題干的意思,到文中定位,用排除法逐個排除Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular"feedme!"call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.判斷題目類型：細(xì)節(jié)題？推理題？which指什么？Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich_____？Accordingtotheserules,whatstatementshouldn'twechoose?A.canreceivequalitysignals B.areinneedoftrainingC.fittheenvironmentbetter D.maketheloudestcallEmbryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich_____？Accordingtotheserules,whatstatementshouldn'twechoose?A.canreceivequalitysignals B.areinneedoftrainingC.fittheenvironmentbetter

D.maketheloudestcall注意：中心詞背離文章主題思想的備選項文中無依據(jù)(notmentioned)說法太絕對或太片面(toonarrow)的觀點偷換概念直接選取文中的原句(fact)或原詞1.語篇的行文思路-圖式結(jié)構(gòu)2.語篇中的事實和態(tài)度的區(qū)分3.語篇的銜接詞but,besides,also...4.段落的展開手段：舉例、對比、解釋5.語篇的修辭手法：反諷、幽默、排比閱讀時，讀什么？DNAleftatacrimescenecouldbeusedinthefuturetobuildupapictureofanoffender'sface,whichwasrevealedtonight.AfirststeptowardsgeneticmugshotshasbeentakenbyresearchersintheUSwholinkspecificDNAmarkerswithfaceshapes.Toidentifythegenes,theyfocusedonknownmutations(突變)thatcausechangesofthefaceandhead.Normalversionsofthesegeneswerefoundtoinfluenceindividualfeatures.Forinstance,onegeneaffectedthelips,anothertheshapeandconfigurationofbonesaroundtheeyes,andathirdtheappearanceofthemid-faceandskull.Intotal,20geneshad"significanteffects"onfacialappearance.LeadscientistProfessorMarkShriver,fromthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,said,"WeuseDNAtomatchtoanindividualoridentifyanindividual,butwecangetsomuchmorefromDNA.Currentlywecan'tgofromDNAtoaface,orfromafacetoDNA,butitshouldbepossible."Theimplicationsarefar-reaching,raisingthepossibilityofcreatingadatabankoffacialtypesbasedongeneticmarkers.DNAfromacrimescenecouldthenbeusedtoproducearoughimageofthefaceofanoffenderorvictim.Suchgeneticmugshotsmaybemorereliablethancomputer-generated"E-fits"basedonwitnesses'memory.Otherusesofthetechniquemightincludeprovingtheidentitiesoffathersinpaternitycases,orvisualizingourremoteancestorsfromfossilDNA.實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)1ThescientistswroteintheonlinejournalPublic

Library

of

Science

Genetics，"Suchpredictivemodellingcouldbeforensicallyuseful.Forexample,DNAleftatcrimescenescouldbetestedandfacescouldbepredictedinordertohelptonarrowthepoolofpotentialsuspects.Further,ourmethodscouldbeusedtopredictthefacialfeaturesofdescendants,deceasedancestors,andevenextincthumanspecies.Inaddition,thesemethodscouldprovetobeusefuldiagnostictools."TheteamdevelopedamodelwhichfirstestablishedarangeofphysicalfaceshapesfrompeopleofmixedWestAfricanandEuropeanancestryfromtheUS,BrazilandCapeVerde.Measurementsweretakenofthousandsofpointcoordinatesongridsplacedover3-Dimagesofthefaces.Statisticalmethodswerethenusedtodeterminetherelationshipbetweenfacialdifferencesandtheeffectsofgenders,ethnicancestryandindividualgenevariants.

1．Theunderlinedword"mugshots"inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans"________"．A．differentfacesB．characteristics

C．picturesoffacesD．genders2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．DNAhasbeenusedtobuildupapictureofanoffender'sface.B．ItmaybemucheasiertocatchcriminalswiththehelpofDNA.C．Inall,20geneshad"significanteffects"onfacialappearance.D．Onegenecanaffectmorethanonepartofyourface.3．AccordingtoProfessorMarkShriver,weknow________.A．theycanmerelymatchtoanindividualoridentifyanindividualB．thereisapossibilityofgoingfromDNAtoafaceC．DNAcouldbeusedtoproducearoughimageofanoffender'sfaceD．thistechnologyismorereliablethancomputer-generated"E-fits"4．Whatisthemostpossibletitleofthepassage?A．CreatingadatabankofDNA

B．RecognizingtheDNAofcriminalsC．PredictingthelocationsofoffencesusingDNAD．Buildingupanimageofanoffender'sfacefromDNA

1．Theunderlinedword"mugshots"inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans"________"．A．differentfacesB．characteristics

C．picturesoffacesD．genders2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．DNAhasbeenusedtobuildupapictureofanoffender'sface.B．ItmaybemucheasiertocatchcriminalswiththehelpofDNA.C．Inall,20geneshad"significanteffects"onfacialappearance.D．Onegenecanaffectmorethanonepartofyourface.3．AccordingtoProfessorMarkShriver,weknow________.A．theycanmerelymatchtoanindividualoridentifyanindividualB．thereisapossibilityofgoingfromDNAtoafaceC．DNAcouldbeusedtoproducearoughimageofanoffender'sfaceD．thistechnologyismorereliablethancomputer-generated"E-fits"4．Whatisthemostpossibletitleofthepassage?A．CreatingadatabankofDNA

B．RecognizingtheDNAofcriminalsC．PredictingthelocationsofoffencesusingDNAD．Buildingupanimageofanoffender'sfacefromDNATheextraordinaryEastgateBuildinginHarare,Zimbabwe'scapitalcity,issaidtobetheonlyoneintheworldtousethesamecoolingandheatingprinciplesasthetermitemound(白蟻堆)．ArchitectMickPearceusedpreciselythesamestrategywhendesigningtheEastgateBuilding,whichhasnoairconditioningandalmostnoheating.Thebuilding—thecountry'slargestcommercialandshoppingcomplex—useslessthan10%oftheenergyofaconventionalbuildingofitssize.TheEastgate'sownerssaved3.5millionona36millionbuildingbecauseairconditioningplantdidn'thavetobeimported.Thecomplexisactuallytwobuildingslinkedbybridgesacrossashady,glass-roofedatrium(天井)opentotheair.Fanssuckfreshairinfromtheatrium,blowitupstairsthroughhollowspacesunderthefloorsandfromthereintoeachofficethroughbaseboardvents(通風(fēng)口).Asitrisesandwarms,itisdrawnoutviaceilingventsandfinallyexiststhroughforty-eightbrickchimneys.實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)2Duringsummer'scoolnights,bigfansblowairthroughthebuildingseventimesanhourtocooltheemptyfloors.Byday,smallerfansblowtwochangesofairanhourthroughthebuildingtocirculatetheairwhichhasbeenincontactwiththecoolfloors.Forwinterdays,therearesmallheatersinthevents.ThisisallpossibleonlybecauseHarareis1,600feetabovesealevel,andhascloudlessskies,littledampnessandrapidtemperatureswings—daysaswarmas31℃commonlydropto14℃atnight."Youcouldn'tdothisinNewYork,withitsfantasticallyhotsummersandfantasticallycoldwinters，"Pearcesaid.TheengineeringfirmofOveArup&Partnersmonitorsdailytemperatures.Itisfoundthatthetemperatureofthebuildinghasgenerallystayedbetween23℃and25℃，withtheexceptionoftheannualhotperiodjustbeforethesummerrainsinOctoberandthreedaysinNovember,whenadoorkeeperaccidentallyswitchedoffthefansatnight.Andtheairisfresh—farmoresothaninair-conditionedbuildings,whereupto30%oftheairisrecycled.5．WhywasEastgatecheapertobebuiltthanaconventionalbuilding?A．Itwasdesignedinasmallersize.

B．Noairconditionerswerefixedin.C．Itsheatingsystemwaslessadvanced.

D．Itusedratherdifferentbuildingmaterials.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"refertoinParagraph3?A．Freshairfromoutside.B．Heatinthebuilding.C．Ahollowspace.

D．Abaseboardvent.7．WhywouldabuildinglikeEastgatenotworkefficientlyinNewYork?A．NewYorkhaslessclearskiesasHarare.

B．Itsdampnessaffectsthecirculationofair.C．NewYorkcoversalargerareathanHarare.

D．Itstemperaturechangesseasonallyratherthandaily.8．ThedatainthelastparagraphsuggestsEastgate'stemperaturecontrolsystem________.A．a(chǎn)llowsawiderangeoftemperatures

B．functionswellformostoftheyearC．canrecycleupto30%oftheair

D．worksbetterinhotseasons5．WhywasEastgatecheapertobebuiltthanaconventionalbuilding?A．Itwasdesignedinasmallersize.

B．Noairconditionerswerefixedin.C．Itsheatingsystemwaslessadvanced.

D．Itusedratherdifferentbuildingmaterials.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"refertoinParagraph3?A．Freshairfromoutside.B．Heatinthebuilding.C．Ahollowspace.

D．Abaseboardvent.7．WhywouldabuildinglikeEastgatenotworkefficientlyinNewYork?A．NewYorkhaslessclearskiesasHarare.B．Itsdampnessaffectsthecirculationofair.C．NewYorkcoversalargerareathanHarare.

D．Itstemperaturechangesseasonallyratherthandaily.8．ThedatainthelastparagraphsuggestsEastgate'stemperaturecontrolsystem________.A．a(chǎn)llowsawiderangeoftemperatures

B．functionswellformostoftheyearC．canrecycleupto30%oftheair

D．worksbetterinhotseasonsResearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityAppliedPhysicsLaboratory(APL)inHowardCounty,Marylandhavedesignedanewhuman-likerobot.ItsnameisRohoSally.Themachinecanbecontrolledfromadistanceandcanbeusedtodoworkthatisdangerousforhumanbeings.RohoSallyhastwolongarmswithhuman-likehands.Shecanuseherfingerstopickupsmallobjects,examinethemindetailanddomostthingsthathumanhandscando.Eachfingercontainsatinymotor,capableofsqueezing20poundsofpinchforce,enoughtodefuseabombunderthedirectionofanoperator.Shesitsonametalbasewithwheelsthatlethermovearound,turnintightspacesandclimboversmallobjects.MikeMcLoughlinisthemaininvestigatorfortheAppliedPhysicsLaboratory'sProstheticsProgramme."Thepurposeofthatprogrammeistodevelopprostheticarmsthathaveallthecapabilityofyournaturalarms,andyoudoallthecomplexmotionsthatyoucandowiththenaturalarms—withtherobot."實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)3Itwasadifficultjob.MrMcLoughlinsaysthedevicehadtohavemanysmallmotorstohavetheabilitytodowhatahumanhanddoes.Italsoneededtohavehuman-likestrength.Thethumbwasespeciallydifficultbecauseitpermitsthehandtoholdobjects.Andeverythinghadtofitintoaspaceaboutthesizeofahumanhand.Thenextproblem,hesays,wastofigureouthowtocontroltheartificialhand."Sowehadtofigureouthowtomaketheconnectionbetweenthebrainandthisarm."Forsearch-and-rescueduties,RohoSallywillbeoperatedbyahumanbeingusingawirelessmachinethatisfarfromtherobot.Theoperatorwillalsowearspecialglovesandglasses.Theglassespermittheoperatortoseetherobot'shands,eventhoughtheyarefaraway.MrMcLoughlinsaysthiskindofrobotscouldbeusedinwhathecalls"dull,dirtyordangerous"situationswherefinehumanfingermovementsarerequired.Hesaysthetechnologyisnotreadyforeverydayapplication,buthepredictsthatwithinfiveyearswewillseesomewonderfulimprovements.9．Theunderlinedword"defuse"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto"________"．A．removeB．discover

C．equipD．produce10．AccordingtoParagraph2,whichpictureisRohoSally?A．B．C．D.9．Theunderlinedword"defuse"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto"________"．A．removeB．discover

C．equipD．produce10．AccordingtoParagraph2,whichpictureisRohoSally?A．

B．C．D.11．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprostheticarmsaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyareexpectedtofunctionaswellasnaturalones.B．Theyhavemanylargemotorscontrolledbyrobots.C．Theyhavehuman-likestrengthtocontroltherobot.D．Theyareconnectedwithhumanbrains.12．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutRoboSallyaccordingtoMrMcLoughlin?A．Itsoperatordoesn'tneedanyequipment.B．IthasbeenwidelyusedineverydaylifeintheUSA.C．Itcanworkinsituationswhicharedangerousforhumans.D．Ithasmademuchmoneyforthedesigners.11．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprostheticarmsaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyareexpectedtofunctionaswellasnaturalones.B．Theyhavemanylargemotorscontrolledbyrobots.C．Theyhavehuman-likestrengthtocontroltherobot.D．Theyareconnectedwithhumanbrains.12．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutRoboSallyaccordingtoMrMcLoughlin?A．Itsoperatordoesn'tneedanyequipment.B．IthasbeenwidelyusedineverydaylifeintheUSA.C．Itcanworkinsituationswhicharedangerousforhumans.D．Ithasmademuchmoneyforthedesigners.AWalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditissteamy,warm,dampandthick.Butifyouhadbeenaround15,000yearsago,duringthelasticeage,wouldithavebeenthesame?Formorethan30years,scientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsliketheAmazonmighthavereacted(反應(yīng))tothecold,drycli?matesoftheiceages,butuntilnow,noonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmos?phereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttofutureclimatechange?Ifitgetsdrier,willitstillsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.Unfortunately,gettingintotheAmazonrainforestandcollectinginformationareverydifficult.Tostudypastclimate,scientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollen,keptinlakemuds.Goingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdeepdownintolakesediments(沉淀物)whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpaths,orplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtotheeasiestwaytoentertheforest,butthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscom?pletelyunsampled(未取樣).Sofar,onlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonrainforestreactstoclimatechange.實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)4

1.Theunderlinedphrase"moppingup"inthesecondparagraphmeans"______".A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout

2.HowwilltheAmazonrainforestreacttofutureclimatechange?A.It'llgetdrierandconti