英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)(全)課件

Verb:acontentwordthatdenotesanactionorastate

Verbaspect(體態(tài))voice(語(yǔ)態(tài))mood(語(yǔ)氣)tense(時(shí)態(tài))Tense1.AgeneralsurveyofEnglishtenses2.Thetencommonly-usedtenses★Tenseandaspect

Tense(時(shí)態(tài)):agrammaticalcategoryofverbsusedtoexpressdistinctionsoftimeandaspect.

Time:

pasttime,presenttime,futuretime&pastfuturetime.

Aspect(體態(tài)):agrammaticaltermindicatingwhetheranactionatagiventimeisviewedascompleteorincomplete.

thesimpleaspect,theprogressiveaspect,theperfectiveaspect&theperfectiveprogressiveaspect.I.AgeneralsurveyofEnglishtenses★Englishtenses

(takedoasanexample)

aspecttimesimpleprogressiveperfectiveperfectiveprogressivepresentpastfuturepastfuture

aspecttimesimpleprogressiveperfectiveperfectiveprogressivepresentpastfuturepastfuturewas/were+doingam/is/are+doingdiddodoeswill/shall+dohas/have+beendoinghas/have+donehad+donewill/shall+havedonewill/shall+bedoinghad+beendoingwill/shall+have+beendoingwould/should+dowould/should+bedoingwould/should+havedonewould/should+havebeendoing2.Thetencommonly-usedtenses:

simplepresentsimplepastpresentprogressivepastprogressivesimplefuturepastfuturefutureprogressivepresentperfectivepresentperfectiveprogressivepastperfective★Importantprinciplesabouttenses:1.根據(jù)句子里的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間（time）(熟記每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))；2.根據(jù)句意判斷動(dòng)詞的狀態(tài)（aspect）；3.根據(jù)時(shí)間和狀態(tài)，確定動(dòng)詞的形式（tense）。

simplepresent，presentindefinitetense

該時(shí)態(tài)一般表明兩個(gè)含義：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在；動(dòng)作以一般方式發(fā)生。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞+(e)spresenttimefuturetimepasttime

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1)

presenttime

①

表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作(habitualpresent)；

Wegetupatsixeverymorning.

Motherusually

cooksforus.

adverbialsoftime:adverbsoffrequencyeveryday(week,month,year),onSaturdays,atweekends,attimes,onoccasion(s),fromtimetotime,hardlyever,notever,notalways,notoften.

dynamicverb動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞1)

presenttime

②

講話時(shí)，人或事物的特性或狀態(tài)(momentaryandinstantaneouspresent)；

Everyoneisinhighspirit.Idon’trecognizetheman.

NowthebandisplayingandtheKingentersthehall.Thespectatorsraiseacheer.Hestops,greetsthespectatorsandthentakeshisseat.Iapologizeforbeinglate,butIhavejusthadamessagefromthehospital.

commentaries&formaldeclarationsstativeverb靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞momentarypresent現(xiàn)時(shí)狀態(tài)instantaneouspresent瞬間動(dòng)作dynamicverb動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞1)

presenttime③

客觀真理(timelesspresent)等。Lighttravelsmorequicklythansound.Honestyisthebestpolicy.IndialiestothesouthofChina.

stativeverb

2)

futuretime

①theconditional/temporalclauses(條件/時(shí)間分句)introducedbyif/aslongas/after/before/when,etc.

Whenyoucomenexttime,bringmesomemagazines.

Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoonapicnic.②that-clausefollowing“Ihope”,“Ibet”,“seetoit”,“makesure”,“makecertain”:Theywillseetoitthatourcountryalwayswakesfromitsnightmares.

I

bet

the

ladies

at

the

local

tax

office

are

all

for

it.

③planned,arrangedeventsthatareunalterable.

v.:arrive,be,begin,leave,start,stay…ThedelegationarrivesinBeijingthisafternoon.Thereisanewfilmtonight.

willwakewillbe

3)

pasttime

①incommunicationverbs(交流/溝通動(dòng)詞)toexpressthepresenteffectofinformationreceivedinthepast.

v.:tell,say,hear,learn,gather…Igathereveryonehaspassedtheexam.②adeviceofstory-tellingandnewsreportingtoaddvividnesstothedescription(historicpresent歷史現(xiàn)在時(shí)).AlgerianTroopsFireonAnti-governmentRioters

PremierResigns

ThetigerdashesonWuSong,buthedodgesaside.Ex.Translate:1.去紐約之前我們還要在這待一兩天。2.一燕不成夏。3.在巴黎，五月份天氣并非總是美好；有時(shí)多雨。4.她幾乎從來(lái)不在午夜之前就寢。5.我通常投民主黨的票，而我的室友幾乎總是投共和黨的票。6.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)老亨利昨晚死了。7.巴特爾（Bater）把球傳給姚明。姚明投籃！好球！KeytoEx.

1.去紐約之前我們還要在這待一兩天。BeforewegotoNewYork,wewillstayhereforacoupleofdays.2.一燕不成夏。Oneswallowdoesn’tmakeasummer.

3.在巴黎，五月份天氣并非總是美好；有時(shí)多雨。MayinParisisn’talwaysnice;itsometimesrainsalot.4.她幾乎從來(lái)不在午夜之前就寢。Shehardlyever

(almostnever)goestobedbeforemidnight.

5.我通常投民主黨的票，而我的室友幾乎總是投共和黨的票。IusuallyvoteforaDemocrat,butmyroommatealmostalwaysvotesforaRepublican.6.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)老亨利昨晚死了。IhearthatOldHenrydiedlastnight.7.巴特爾把球傳給姚明。姚明投籃！好球！

BaterpassestheballtoYaoMing.Yaoshoots!Afineshot!

simplepast，pastindefinitetense表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：規(guī)則（V-(e)d）、不規(guī)則

pasttime

presenttimefuturetime

2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)1)

pasttime

①theevent/statepast:asingleeventorstatehappeningorexistingatadefinitepointorperiodoftimeinthepast.Thechildrenwentoutjustnow.Mary’sgrandfatherdied

tenyearsago.

adverbialsofpasttime(then,atthattime,justnow,threedaysago…)oradverbialclauseofpasttimeintroducedbywhen,while.②thehabitualpast:ahabitualorrecurrentactioninthepast.Hecametoseemeeverydaylastweek.

Myfatherworkedinachemicalplantallhislife.

adverbialsofplaceindicatingapasttime:Ilostmywalletatthetheatre.

Where

didyougetthisredtie?

simplepast:havingnoconnectionwiththepresentmoment,nolongerexisting:Myfatherwasagenerousman.

2)

presentandfuturetime

①theattitudinalpast(表態(tài)性過(guò)去時(shí)):aquestion,request,suggestion,etc.Iwonderedifyoucouldlendmeyourcar.

Didyouwantit?

②thehypotheticalpast(假設(shè)性過(guò)去時(shí)):non-factinthat-clausesfollowingsuchstructuresas“It’stime…”,“Iwish…”,“I’drather…”andunlikely-to-be-fulfilledconditioninadverbialclauses.

Itisabout/really/quitetimewereturnedhome.HowIwishyouwereherewithus!Ifshelovedhim,shewouldmarryhim.

Hetalksasifhewas/wereaprofessor.

presentcontinuous/progressivetense

謂語(yǔ)形式：由be的適當(dāng)形式（am,is,are)+v-ing

①

anactioninprogress

atthemomentofspeaking

/ataperiodoftimeincludingthepresentTheyaremakinganexperimentnow.

ProfessorWang

isattendinganinternationalconferenceinParis.

②

aplanned/arrangedfuturehappening

v.:go,come,leave,arrive,begin,end…

adverbialsoffuturetimeHeiscomingherenextweekandisstayinghereuntilAugust.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

③

anactionintheimmediatepast

communicationverbs:tell,talk,say,exaggerate,…Idon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.

④

apoliterequest

v.:hope,wonderI’mhopingyou’llgiveussomeadvice.I’mwonderingifImayhaveawordwithyou.

Cf.

Iwonderedifyoucouldlendmeyourcar.★

注意：

1）不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：

(1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。e.g.Ihavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.

(2)表示心理/感覺(jué)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等。e.g.Ineedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.Heislisteningtotheradio,andhehearsthespeechofthepresident.

(3)瞬間動(dòng)詞accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refusee.g.Iacceptyouradvice.

(4)系動(dòng)詞seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn等。e.g.Youseemalittletired.這些動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)其他意思使用時(shí)，有些可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)了。e.g.IamseeingMarytomorrow.Heisthinkingabouttheproblem.Heisfeelingformatches.★

注意：

2）短暫進(jìn)行時(shí)（momentarycontinuous）

be的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)+動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞（dynamicadjective）有時(shí)可表示在某一相對(duì)短暫時(shí)刻人們的活動(dòng)和行為。

Youarebeingfoolish.IknowI’mbeingselfish.Heisbeinggenerous.

3）習(xí)慣進(jìn)行時(shí)（habitualcontinuous）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，含有感情色彩，常常用于表示某種令人不悅的情況。

Youarealwaysfindingfaultwithme.Johnisforeverlosingthings.

pastcontinuous/progressivetense

謂語(yǔ)形式：was/were+v-ing

①

anactioninprogress

atadefinitepointorperiodofpasttime

adverbialsofpasttime:thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetoten,lastevening,when,while…

Weweretalking

aboutyouamomentago.Iwasplaying

thepianowhenshecamein.Iwaslearning

Japaneseinthosemonth.4.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

②

apasthabitualactionHewasgettingupatfiveeverydaythatweek.(temporariness)Cf.Hegotupatfiveeveryday.Hewasconstantly/always/foreverworryingaboutaverysmallthing.(annoyance/disapproval)

③

aplanned/arrangedfuturehappeninginthepastTheywereleavingafewdayslater.

④

apoliterequest

verbs:hope,wonder,want

Ihopeyoucansendmesomebooks.Ihopedyoucouldsendmesomebooks.Iamhopingyoucansendmesomebooks.Iwashopingyoucouldsendmesomebooks.

⑤

hypotheticalmeaningsinclausesafterIwish,I’drather,it’stime,etc.andconditionalclauses.Iwishtheywerenottalkingsoloudly.Iftheywereleavingtonight,I’dliketogowiththem.Itistimewewereleaving.(=Itistimeweleft.)politer注：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于描述一件事發(fā)生的背景：一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。

Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.典型例題1）Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes2）Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read；fell

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)還常常用于對(duì)故事中情節(jié)的描述。Itwasadarknightandastrongwindwasblowing.ⅤⅤ

simplefuture,futureindefinitetense

表示相對(duì)于講話時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況（futurity:theeventdescribedbytheverbasnothavinghappenedyet,butexpectedtohappeninthefuture）。

futuretenseVs.futuretime?

5.一般將來(lái)時(shí)★表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的形式：will/shall+v.

allthreepersons(AmE)firstperson(BrE)常跟一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（soon,nextweek,tomorrow…)。e.g.Nextmonth,mydaughterwillbeeighteen.Iwill(shall)returnyouthebookassoonaspossible.Itwillrainlater.

modelmeanings(情態(tài)意義):prediction,willingness/volition,intention:

Willwecloneadinosaur?Whatwillbethe10hottestjobs?Allright,I’llforgiveyou.Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.Iwillsaynomoreonthesematters,importantthoughtheyare.

Willyoujoinmeforadrink?(prediction)(willingness)(intention)★表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的其它形式：1)begoingtodo:

Whatareyougoingtodothisevening?Closeyoureyes.I’mgoingtogiveyouasurprise.

Thetrafficisterrible.We’reyougoingtobelate.Oh,mydear!They’regoingtobumpagainstthattree!

①表示最近打算要做的事情（intention）。②表示預(yù)見(jiàn)有跡象表明要發(fā)生的事情（prediction）。Cf.begoingto&will/shall

Ifyouaregoingtoplaytennisthisafternoon,youhadbettergetyourshoespreparednow.

A:Whyareyoutakingthecamera?B:I’mgoingtotakesomepictures.A:Someoneisknockingatthedoor.B:I’llgoandopenit.a.begoingto可用于條件句表示將來(lái)時(shí)間，而will/shall則不能。b.begoingto表示預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備的打算，而will則表示說(shuō)話時(shí)刻做出的決定。--Thereisn’tanymilkinthefridge.–I______________buysomeafterwork.She____________diveintothewater.’ll/’mgoingtoisgoingto★表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的其它形式：2)betodo:

TheyaretogoonastrikeonJuly8th.Sheistobemarriednextmonth.

Youaretofinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougoouttoplay.Thepartiesinvolvedaretosigntheagreement.

①表示約定的、計(jì)劃中,或是按責(zé)任、義務(wù)要完成的動(dòng)作（futurehappeningbasedonapresentplan/arrangement）。②表示強(qiáng)烈的命令（orders,instructions,prohibitions）。★表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的其它形式：3)beabouttodo:

Jackisholdingaflyswatterandstaringatflyonthekitchentable.Heisabouttoswatthefly.Autumnharvestisabouttostart.4)simplepresent:

Thetrainstartsat2o’clock.Wemovenextmonth.5)presentprogressive:

HeiscomingherenextweekandisstayinghereuntilAugust.表示“即將（正要）作某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事（immediatefuture）。表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情（unalterable,formal,objective）。表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?！?/p>

注意：在時(shí)間或條件句中

在以if,when,aslongas,assoonas,after,before,incase,until,unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞（immediately,themoment,directly）等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。WhenBill________(come),askhimtowaitforme.I‘llwritetoyouassoonasI___there.A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.amgoingtoarrivecomesⅤpastfuture(indefinite)tense

表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

多用于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。

謂語(yǔ)形式：would/should+動(dòng)詞原形Hesaidthathewouldgetmarriedsoon.

★和一般將來(lái)時(shí)一樣，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)也有其它相應(yīng)的表達(dá)形式，如was(were)goingtodo等。Hesaidthathewasgoingtotryagain.6.（一般）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

futurecontinuous/progressivetense

表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間或某一時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的情況，或預(yù)料不久就要發(fā)生或勢(shì)必要發(fā)生的事情。謂語(yǔ)形式：will/shall+be+v-ing

Wewillbehavingameetingfromthreetofourthisafternoon.Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?Don‘tworry,youwon’tmissher.ShewillbewearingaredT-shirtandawhiteskirtatthattime.

Ibelievehe’llbecomingsoon.7.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有(at)thistime+futuretime.e.g.Atthistimetomorrow,I‘llbelyingonthebeach.典型例題Thistimetomorrowyou________theredoingsomemoreexercises.

A)willsitB)willbesittingC)sitD)shallsitⅤ

presentperfect(ive)tense

謂語(yǔ)形式：have/has+v-eda.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作（finished,presentresult）。

IhavebeentoBeijingmanytimes.Theyhave

already

publishedtheresultsoftheirexperiments.可以不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，也可和一些表示不定過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，常見(jiàn)的有already,yet,never,before,recently,just,ever,once等。I_______anewhouse,butIhaven’tsoldmyoldoneyet,soatthemomentIhavetwohouses.

A)willbuyB)wouldbuyC)haveboughtD)buy8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Ⅴ

b.表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（可能還要繼續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作（unfinished,lastingup,extending）。

Thecouplehavelivedherefor20years.Thecouplehavelivedheresince1986.常用于含有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞，并且一般要跟一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句，或for加一段時(shí)間，或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，(up)untilnow,upto/tillnow,sofar，inrecentdays/months/years,in/overthepastfewyears,during/forthelastthreecenturies,through/throughouthistory等）。

Sincetimebegan,manhaslivedinfearoffire.1,451peoplehaveuptillnowregisteredtoattendtheforum.

Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdie.Compare&translate:Ihavebeenateacherfor20years.Ihavebeenateacher.我當(dāng)老師到現(xiàn)在有20年了。我曾經(jīng)當(dāng)過(guò)老師。Ihavebeenmarriedforayear.Ihavebeenmarried.我結(jié)婚已經(jīng)有一年了。我曾經(jīng)結(jié)過(guò)婚。我已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了。Iammarried.★

注意：

1）含有界限意義的動(dòng)詞（begin,end,die,lose,find,fall,go,come,join…)及含有瞬間意義的動(dòng)詞（jump,knock,hit,strike…)不能用于完成時(shí)的第二種用法。Hehasjoinedthearmyfortenyears.

Hejoinedthearmytenyearsago.

Hehasbeenanarmymanfortenyears.2）在when和where引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句中，一般不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（Wherehaveyoubeen?除外），因?yàn)檫@類句子詢問(wèn)的要點(diǎn)就是事情發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間和場(chǎng)合。Whendidyouseehim?Wheredidyoubuythebook?ⅹⅤⅤ3)用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

①It(This)isthefirst/secondtimethat…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’veheardhimsing.ThisisthetenthcupofcoffeethatI’ve

drunkthisevening.Cf：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlatelastmonth.

ItwillbethefirsttimeIhavetaughtchildrennextweek.

②Thisis+形容詞最高級(jí)+n.+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

HeisthecockiestguyI

haveevermetinmylife.

③Ithasbeen(is)…since這一結(jié)構(gòu)中主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Ithasbeen(=is)alongtimesincetheylastmeteachother.

典型例題(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming

(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome

ⅤⅤ4)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去式的區(qū)別

①兩者都可表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但前者表示的是過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，而后者則是表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的事實(shí)。

HehasgonetoBeijing.HewenttoBeijing(lastweek).

②兩者都可表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始并延續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含義為該動(dòng)作仍在繼續(xù)，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則說(shuō)明該動(dòng)作早已終止。

MyunclehaslivedinRomeforfouryears.MyunclelivedinRomeforfouryears.

presentperfect(ive)continuous/progressivetense

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。

謂語(yǔ)形式：has/have+been+v-ing

Theyhavebeenliving

inthisvillageforgenerations.Hehasbeenworking

onthisessaysincethismorning.

通常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，forhours,sincethismorning…9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)★現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的第二種用法相似并常?？梢曰Q。其區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性，前者可以說(shuō)是后者的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。

Wehavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Wehavelivedherefortenyears.2)

在不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去已結(jié)束。Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不適用于靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞（stativeverb)，要表示靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)，只可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。They’ve

knowneachothersince1970.Hehashopedthathehasanopportunitytohavecollegeeducation.

pastperfect(ive)tense

表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。（finished:action/stateincompletion;unfinished:action/stateextending）

謂語(yǔ)形式：had+v-ed

Johnhadlearned

someChinesebeforehecametoChina.

Bytheendoflastyear,Ihadworkedinthiscollegefortenyears.Hefoundthebookthathehadlost.常用一個(gè)由by,before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的表示到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間為止的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

這一時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或定語(yǔ)從句及由when/before/after/until等引導(dǎo)的從句中。10.過(guò)去完成時(shí)Hypotheticalmeanings(imaginaryuse)(1)Inif,ifonly,asif,Iwish,I’dratherclauses:ahypotheticalcondition,aunlikelywish,anon-fact:p143(2)Inclauseswithsuchverbsasintend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think,propose,wish,etc.:unfulfilledwish/intention:Ihadintendedtoseeyou,butIwasbusy.Shehadhopedthathewouldcometodateher,buthedidn’tshowup.A:AreyougladyoucametoChina?B:Yes.Indeed.I’dconsideredgoingtoTokyoorSingapore,butI’veneverregrettedmydecision.

futureperfect(ive)tense

構(gòu)成：willhavedone

通常用于by+將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間

用法：

a.狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.b.動(dòng)作完成：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。Youwillhavereac