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賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法英語的五個(gè)基本結(jié)構(gòu)S十V 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)說明:S=主語;V=謂語;P=表語;O=賓語;O1=間接賓語;O2=直接賓語;C=賓語補(bǔ)足語
可以加賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞總結(jié)能帶賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞一定是及物動(dòng)詞。第一類:
doing表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行;+done表示被動(dòng)或狀態(tài)do表示動(dòng)作全過程
Ihearthemsingasong.Ihearthemsingingasong.Ihearasongsung.Heheardadistantvoiceshouting.IcouldsmellChinesevegetablescooking.感官動(dòng)詞see,notice,hear,listento,watch,feel,smell,find,observe等第二類:使役動(dòng)詞的用法:1.letsb./sth.dosth.無被動(dòng)2.dosth.使某人做某事,sb.bemadetodomakesb./sth.done
使某人被……3.dosth.使某人做某事(無被動(dòng))havesb./sth.doing
sth.使某人一直做(動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行)
done
使某人被…或表示“遭遇不幸”4.todosth.使某人做某事getsb./sth.doingsth使某人一直做(動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行)done使某人被…keep/leave+sb/sth+doing表動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行done表被動(dòng)或狀態(tài)We’vejusthadthehousedecorated.Youmustgetthecarrepaired.Atmyschooltheydon’tmakeuswearschooluniform.Theyletuswearwhateverwelike.第三類:含命名意義的動(dòng)詞,如call,name,appoint,elect,make,consider等,這類詞所接的賓補(bǔ)一般是名詞。CallmeJoe,please.Shewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany.Theyhavemademethechairman.Theyhavemademeanicechair.第四類:v+sb+todosth結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞,所接的賓補(bǔ)多是不定式。常見的動(dòng)詞有很多,如ask,want,wish(無hope),tell,order,warn,advise(無suggest),allow,permit(無agree),invite,forbid,expect,beg,force,encourage,inspire,request,causesend,teach,train,remind,require(無demand),
wouldlike,wouldprefer等等.Iwishyoutohaveagoodtrip.Theyaskedmetotellyouhowmuchweappreciatedyourhelp.Helpmemovethedesk,willyou?賓語補(bǔ)足語可以由這九類來承擔(dān):
n./adj./adv./介詞短語/v.原型/ing/v-ed/todo/tobe1.Wechosehimourmonitor.n.2.Wemustmakeourclassroomclean.adj.3.Hefoundthelighton.adv.4.Thefiremengotthefireundercontrol.介詞短語5.Theteacherlethimstandout.v.原型6.Didyouhearsomeonesinging?
v-ing7.Theparentsmaketheirchildreneducated.v-ed8.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavearest.todo9.Weallconsiderhimtobeahero.tobe一、主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)足語(名詞)用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的名詞或(補(bǔ)足語)從句,一般表示身份、官銜、職業(yè)、名稱等,而謂語動(dòng)詞是表示“稱謂”、“認(rèn)可”之類意義的動(dòng)詞,如call,choose,elect,find,make,name等。例:1.Hehasn’thadanythingpublishedandhecallshimselfawriter!2.Youcancallmewhatyoulike.3.Henamedhissonwhathisfatherhadnamedhim.elect,name,appoint也可跟tobe或as引導(dǎo)的短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語,這時(shí)tobe或as可以省略。
Theyappointedhim(tobe/as)chairman.二、主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)足語(形容詞)
用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞是由動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作引起的狀態(tài)、情況或?qū)е碌慕Y(jié)果。這類動(dòng)詞包括cut,beat,drive,find,get,lay,leave,make,paint,pull,push,set,tear,wish等。例:1.Theybeattheprisonerunconscious.2.Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.3.ThecupboardisstuckandIcan’tpullitopen.4.He’sdeadandit’snousewishinghimaliveagain.三、主語+謂語+賓語+(tobe)+補(bǔ)足語(形容詞/名詞)
用“(tobe)+形容詞/名詞”作賓語補(bǔ)足語,tobe??墒∪?。這類動(dòng)詞主要包括表示意見、相信或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如believe,consider,feel,know,observe,prove,see,show,think等。1.Hesaidheconsideredme(tobe)toolazytobeagoodworker.2.Hefelttheplantobeunwise.(=Hefeltthattheplanwasunwise.)3.Thetaskproved(tobe)moredifficultthanwe’dthought.4.Heshowedhimself(tobe)adishonestrascal.注意:此類句型一般可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語從句。
四、主語+謂語+it+補(bǔ)足語(形容詞/名詞)+從句/不定式/-ing本句型是句型二、三的拓展。動(dòng)詞的賓語為從句、不定式、-ing形式,常用it作形式主語,而將真正的賓語移至句末。這類動(dòng)詞有feel,consider,believe,make,think等。例:Ifeelitnecessarytomakeacorrection.Iconsideritagreathonourtobeherewithyoutoday.Shemadeitclearthatsheobjectedtotheproposal.Doyouthinkitpossibletofinishtheworkbeforetheendofthismonth?五、主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)足語(帶to的不定式)本句型常用的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是表示勸告、命令、允許、要求、警告、希望導(dǎo)致、使役等意義的動(dòng)詞,advise,ask,order,allow,permit/force,encourage,get,persuade,prefer,require,send,tell,want,wish等。例:1.Thedoctororderedmetostayinbed.2.Thesoldiersforcedtheirprisonerstogiveuparms.3.Hepersuadedhisdaughtertochangehermind.4.Thedirectorpreferredhertoacttheoldlady.
六、主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)足語(不帶to的不定式)本句型常用的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是表示感覺的動(dòng)詞,如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,watch,使役動(dòng)詞have,let,make以及help,know。例:1.Isawhimputthekeyinthelock,turnitandopenthedoor.2.Didyounoticemeleavethehouse?3.Iwouldhaveyouknow,sir,thatthecityhasfallentoourarmy.
七、主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)足語(-ing形式)本句型常用的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是表示感覺的動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞,see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,smell,catch,get,have,keep,leave,send,set等,賓語和補(bǔ)足語之間邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系。例:1.Helookedoutthroughthewindowandobservedmewalkingalongtheboatdeck.2.Shestoodalone,watchingthesnowfallingoutside.3.It’snothardtogethimtalking,theproblemisstoppinghim.4.Thesightofhersethisheartbeatingfaster.
注意:感覺動(dòng)詞如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,watch等后用動(dòng)詞不定式,表示聽到或看見整個(gè)行動(dòng)、整個(gè)事件的過程,而用現(xiàn)在分詞表示聽到或看見整個(gè)行動(dòng)、整個(gè)事件的過程中的一部分。試比較:Shewatchedthechildrencrossing/astheycrosstheroad.她看到孩子們過街。(即看到他們正在過街,但不一定自始至終)Shewatchedthechildrencrosstheroad.她看著孩子們穿過街道。(即留意過街的整個(gè)過程)只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如:Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.catchsb.doing:抓住某人正在….mindsb.doing:介意某人做某事imaginesb.doing:想象某人做某事leavesb./sth.doing:使得/留下某人….keepsb./sth.doing:使得某人….Thepolicemancaughtthethiefstealing.Heleftthelightburning.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.注意:leave/keep也可用done做賓補(bǔ),表示狀態(tài)或被動(dòng)Heleftthehomeworkunfinished.Wekeepthedoorclosed.八、主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)足語(-ed形式)本句型常用的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是表示感覺、愿望的動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞,如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,need,order,like,want,wish,observe,have,let,make等,賓語和補(bǔ)足語之間邏輯上存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例:1.HaveyoueverheardthatsongsunginFrench?2.Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.3.CanyoumakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish?4.Iwantit(tobe)doneasquicklyaspossible.
Ihadmywatchrepaired.Ihadmyroomcleaned.Ihadmyfootinjured.Shefoundhishaircut.Shefoundhisclotheswashed.Shefoundhisroomcleaned.
havesth./sb.done
findsth./sbdoneHegothisleginjured.Hegothiscameradamaged.Hegothisglassesbroken.
getsth./sbdoneIsawhimbeatenbyhismother.Isawhimbittenbyadog.Isawhimrobbedbyaman.
seesth./sb.doneImadehimpunished.
makesth./sb.doneIwatchedhimkilled.
watchsth./sbdone九、主語+謂語+賓語+補(bǔ)足語(介詞短語)
本句型常用的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是表示感覺的動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞,如consider,hear,find,make等,介詞短語表示狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。例:1.Sheconsideredherselfaboveothers.2.Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutsideinthegarden.3.Shefoundeverythingingoodorder.4.Isawbothofthematworkintheshop.
解題要點(diǎn):首先要知道動(dòng)詞后是跟todo還是ing,ed,或是原型。其次要知道他們做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:todo做賓補(bǔ)常表示要去做的動(dòng)作。ing做賓補(bǔ)常表示正在進(jìn)行的或是延續(xù)的動(dòng)作ed做賓補(bǔ)常表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。
v.原型做賓補(bǔ)常表示動(dòng)作全過程(跟在感官v.后)此外,ing和ed做賓補(bǔ)還可以表示賓語的狀態(tài),此時(shí)類似于adj.最后根據(jù)題目的語境認(rèn)真分析,選出語法和釋義都合理的最佳選項(xiàng)。幾個(gè)特殊句式1、With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With+n.+V-ingP.P.VtodoAdj.Adv.Prep.with+賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進(jìn)來了,他的雙手被綁在背后(表方式)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。(表?xiàng)l件)
Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決,我們都回家了。(表原因)注意:在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)賓語為某一身體部位,且作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),身體部位通常是過去分詞的邏輯賓語,因而過去分詞不可換用現(xiàn)在分詞。Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.
她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他(fixone‘seyeson為固定短語,因此,不可將句中fixed換為fixing)
Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。當(dāng)用某些不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作身體部位的賓補(bǔ)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。Shefeltherheartbeatingfast.
她覺得心跳很快。(beat意為“心跳”,是不及物動(dòng)詞)find/leave的用法與with相似2、considerregardtreatlookonhavethinkofsb/sthtobe(as)thinkofsbas/thinksbtobePractice單句改錯(cuò)Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.---Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!---DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith①(2016江蘇宿遷市三模)Withthe2022WorldCupfinalinQatar________(take)placeonDecember18,thepublicfixedsightsontheArabnation,causingtheconcernoftheintensesummerheat.②(2016衡水模擬)Shewillchangeswiftlythechannelwhenshehearsanothersoldier_________(kill)---notwantingtoworryaboutherhusband,amilitary(武裝)policeman.③
(2016衡水模擬)Clairehadluggage_______(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.④Thetwomenhadtheirlights__________(burn)allnightlong.⑤Somethinghasgonewrongwithmycomputer.I’llgetit________(repair)tomorrow.⑥It’stoonoisyoutside.I’llhavetogetthechildren_______(stop)shouting.⑦Elizabethknewthatnowomanhadeverbeenpermitted________(study)inamedicalcollege.改錯(cuò):①EmperorQinShiHuanghadallthewallsjoinup.②Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowedthem.PracticemoreExercise:Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired3.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted5.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking6.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown7.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodC.tounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood8.Hefoundthem____atatable_____A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess9.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlockedD.toleave;unlocking10.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled11.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blownTellhim_____thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywoul
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