計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語測試題及答案

計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語測試題詞匯測試題（每小題1分，共20分）(一)．TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsintoChinese(共10分，每題1分)CybercafemicrocomputerROMObject-orientedprogrammingutilityprogramsystemspecificationdatabaseadministrator8．modulator-demodulator9．client/servermodel10．spreadsheetprogram(二)．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromChineseintoEnglish(共10分，每題1分)1．中央處理器2．廣域網(wǎng)3．超級計算機(jī)4．電子商務(wù)5．計算機(jī)安全6．計算機(jī)文化7．網(wǎng)站8．域名9．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)10．軟件工程完型填空題（每空1分，共20分）Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthelistfollowingeachparagraph,makingchangesifnecessary:1.Computerhardwareistheinvolvedintheofacomputerandconsistsofthethatcanbephysicallyhandled.Thefunctionofthesecomponentsistypicallydividedintothreemaincategories:,,and.Componentsinthesecategoriesconnectto,specifically,thecomputer’scentralunit(CPU),theelectronicthatprovidesthecomputationalabilityandcontrolofthecomputer,viawiresorcircuitrycalledbus.microprocessorscomponentprocessingfunctionoutputequipmentinputcircuitrystorage最著名的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)例子是因特網(wǎng)。因特網(wǎng)起源于20世紀(jì)60年代初的研究項目。其目標(biāo)是發(fā)展一種能將各種計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接起來，使它們運(yùn)行時能夠成為一個不因局部災(zāi)難而崩潰的互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)。最初的大多數(shù)工作是由美國政府通過國防部高級研究計劃局（DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency）發(fā)起的。隨著歲月的推移，因特網(wǎng)的開發(fā)從一個國防項目轉(zhuǎn)變成一個學(xué)術(shù)研究項目。如今，它在很大程度上是一個商業(yè)項目，連接著全世界的廣域網(wǎng)、城域網(wǎng)和局域網(wǎng)，涉及數(shù)百萬臺計算機(jī)。五．寫作題（20分）下面是一篇論文的引言，請根據(jù)引言寫出該論文的摘要，不超過200個單詞。Thefollowingparagraphsconstructtheintroductionofapaper.Pleasewriteanabstractaccordingtotheintroductionforthepaper,thenumberofwordsintheabstractshouldbelessthan200words:ANewParallelAlgorithmforEZWWiththefastdevelopmentofInternettechnologyandmultimediatechnology,digitalcommunicationtechnologyhasbroughtusmuchconvenienceandefficiency.Butbecausetheamountofmultimediaespeciallyimagedataisverybiganditstransmittingspeedisverylimited,thetransmissionofmultimediahasbecomethebottleneckofthefurtherapplicationofthesetechnologies.Theeconomicalandtechnologicalconditionalsoshowsthatthisproblemcannotbesolvedjustbyhardwaretechnology.Hence,itisnecessarytoapplydatacompressiontechnologytoreducetheamountofmultimediadataandimproveitstransmittingspeed,inordertomakedigitalcommunicationtechnologybeappliedmorewidelyandtobringsocietymoreefficiencyImagecompressiontechnologyoriginatesfromShannon’sinformationtheoryin1940s.Underthistheoreticalframe,severallosslessencodingschemeshavebeendeveloped,suchasRun-lengthencoding,Huffmanencoding,Arithmeticencoding,Dictionaryencoding,etc.Butthecompressionratiosoftheselosslessschemesarestillverylow,theycannotmeetmostrequirementsofimagestorageandtransmission.Hence,manypeoplehavewidelystudiedlossycompressionschemes,theyhavetriedtoincreasecompressionratiothroughremovingtheredundantinformationanddetailsnotsensitivetovision.Inthisrespect,KLTransform,DiscreteCosineTransform(DCT)andothertransformshavebeendevelopedearlyorlate.Butthesetechniqueshavetheirowndrawbacks.Forexample,thesetechniquesfrequentlycauseartifacts,suchastheblockingeffectinJPEG.Ontheotherhand,since1990s,manynewtransmittingmediarepresentedbyInternethavesetnewdemandonthebrowsingandtransmissionofimages,suchasrequiringembeddedcodestreamandmultiresolutioncodestream.Thisrequiresimagecompressionalgorithmstoprovideflexiblyhierarchicalcodingstructureforimagequalityandresolutionandsoon.ButsuchflexibilitycannotbeprovidedbyDCTencodingscheme.Inthelate1980s,thedevelopmentofwavelettheoryprovidedefficienttoolsformultiresolutionalsignalprocessing,andwavelettransformprovidedfoundbasisforvarioushierarchicalimageencoding.Theresearchofwaveletimagecompressionhasalsoshownthatmanycharacteristicssuchasmultiresolution,multi-qualitycontrolandembeddedcodestreamrequiredinmodernapplicationsallcoincidewiththehierarchicalstructureofwaveletimageencoding.Atgreatercompressionratio,thereconstructionqualityofwaveletimagecompressionismuchbetterthanthatofDCT.Hence,inthenewstillimagecompressionstandardJPEG2000,waveletimageencodingisadoptedasakeyalgorithm[4].Inthedomainofwaveletstillimageencoding,EmbeddedImageCodingUsingZerotreesofWaveletCoefficients(EZW)isoneofthemostefficienttechniques[3,5].AlthoughEZWisabetterencodingtechnique,itsencodingspeedisverylimited,becausethewaveletcoefficientsarenumerousandthecoefficientstructureisverycomplex[2].Hence,itisnecessarytouseparallelcomputersystemstospeedupthecomputationofencoding[1].ThispaperjustintroducesahighefficientparallelEZWimplementedonaPRAM-CREWmodel.ThecomputationalcomplexityoftheproposedalgorithmisobviouslylowerthanthatofsequentialEZWandmanyotherexistedparallelEZWs.答案詞匯測試題（每小題1分，共20分）（一）1.網(wǎng)吧2.微型計算機(jī)3.只讀存儲器4.面向?qū)ο缶幊?.實用程序6.系統(tǒng)規(guī)格說明7.數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員8.調(diào)制解調(diào)器9.客戶/服務(wù)器模式10.電子數(shù)據(jù)表程序（二）1.centralprocessingunit2.WideAreaNetworks(WANs)3.supercomputer4.electroniccommerce5.computesecurity6.cyberculture7.Website8.domainname9.databasemanagementsystem10.softwareengineering完型填空題（每空1分，共20分）1、equipmentfunctioncomponentscontrolinputoutputstoragemicroprocessorsprocessingcircuitry2、tablesrelationshierarchicalnetworkrelationalorganizesviewsetstoragedata英譯漢題（每題10分，共20分）1、由于計算機(jī)使用的增加，自20世紀(jì)50年代以來，計算機(jī)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展迅猛。作為對用戶需求和技術(shù)進(jìn)步的響應(yīng)，計算機(jī)程序在這一時期經(jīng)歷了許多變化。計算領(lǐng)域的新思想，如并行計算、分布式計算和人工智能，從根本上改變了一度決定程序形式與功能的傳統(tǒng)概念。在并行計算中，一個問題的組成部分由不同的處理器同時處理，這樣就加快了問題的解決速度。一種稱為分布式計算的并行計算，使用多個互連計算機(jī)的中央處理器來解決問題。人工智能研究已經(jīng)帶了來其他幾種新的編程風(fēng)格。2.高級語言通常分為面向過程的語言、函數(shù)式的語言、面向?qū)ο蟮恼Z言或邏輯語言。如今最常用的高級語言是面向過程的語言。在這些語言中，一個或多個相關(guān)的執(zhí)行某種完整功能的語句塊被組織成一個程序模塊或過程，并被給予諸如“procedureA”這樣的名字。如果程序中別的地方需要同一個過程，就可以用一個簡單的語句來調(diào)用該過程。實質(zhì)上，一個過程就是一個小小的程序?？梢詫?zhí)行不同任務(wù)的過程組合起來構(gòu)成一個大程序。四、漢譯英題（20分）ThemostnotableexampleofaninternetistheInternet，whichoriginatedfromresearchprojectsgoingbacktotheearly1960s.Thegoalwastodeveloptheabilitytolinkavarietyofcomputernetworkssothattheycouldfunctionasaconnectedsystemthatwouldnotbedisruptedbylocaldisasters.MostofthisoriginalworkwassponsoredbytheU.S.governmentthroughtheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA).Overtheyears,thedevelopmentoftheInternetshiftedfromadefenseprojecttoanacademicresearchproject,andtodayitislargelyacommercialundertakingthatlinksaworldwidecombinationofWANs,MANs,andLANsinvolvingmillionsofcomputers.五．寫作題（20分）下面是一篇論文的引言，請根據(jù)引言寫出該論文的摘要，不超過200個單詞。AbstractDigitalcommunicationtechnologyhasbroughtusmuchc