2019高中英語刷題首秧基礎(chǔ)練能力練Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernheroSectionⅠPre-readingWarmingUpReading含解析新人教版必修

Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroSectionⅠPre-reading(WarmingUp&Reading)對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P49[基礎(chǔ)題]Ⅰ單詞拼寫1．Jackisrich,butheisvery________(吝嗇的).Heneverlendshismoneytoothers.答案：mean2．Asastudent,Johnisvery________(積極的)inclass.Forexample,heoftenanswersteachers'questions.答案：active3．Heshowsstrongleadership________(品質(zhì))．答案：qualities4．MsBlackisconsidereda________(慷慨的)ladybyherneighbors,forsheoftenhelpsthepooroldmannextdoor.答案：generous5．Itistruethatweshouldfollowthe________(原則)ofseekingtruth.答案：principle6．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Whenaleafyplantisundera________，itdoesn'tsitquietly.答案：attack7．Themanisgratefulforhiswife'ss________devotiontothefamily.答案：selfless8．Itissaidthatitisagreatinventionthatwillbenefitm________.答案：mankind9．EtonCollegewasf________byHenryⅥin1440.答案：founded10．Theyhopeforap________settlementofthedispute.答案：peacefulⅡ單句語法填空1．IthinkI'vebeenvery________(self).I'vebeenmainlyconcernedwithmyself.答案：selfish空格處前面有系動詞，并有very修飾，故應(yīng)填形容詞。selfish“自私的”。句意：我認(rèn)為我是自私的，我只關(guān)心我自己。2．Workers________(fight)againstthedecisiontoclosethefactoryandfinallytheymadeit.答案：fought空格處與下文中的made是并列關(guān)系，故用一般過去時。句意：工人們極力反對關(guān)閉工廠的決定，最終他們成功了。3．Youcanbegenerous________yoursmiles,youradviceandmanyotherthings.答案：withbegenerouswith...“在某方面大方”。句意：你可以多一些笑容，多提供一些建議，也可以在許多其他事情上表現(xiàn)得慷慨一些。4．Idon'tbelieve________thesediets.答案：inbelieveinsth.“相信某物有用/正確”。句意：我不相信這些節(jié)食方法。5．Hedevotedallhisenergiesto________(write)films.答案：writing本句中to是介詞，后應(yīng)接名詞或動名詞。句意：他全身心致力于創(chuàng)作電影劇本。6．Oldashewas,MrWangworked________(self)forthefactory.答案：selflessly空格處修飾動詞作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞，再結(jié)合句意可知用selflessly。句意：王先生盡管年歲已大，但還無私地為工廠工作。7．Weallknowthateverybodylikestoworkwithwhoeveris________(rely)andeasytogetonwith.答案：reliable分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處充當(dāng)表語成分，所以用形容詞的形式。句意：我們都知道，每個人都喜歡與任何一個可信賴并容易相處的人工作。8．Shealsohopesherchildrenwillgetagood________(educate)．答案：education在本句中，作動詞get的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞形式。句意：她也希望她的孩子可以接受良好的教育。9．Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetof________(principle)．答案：principles由asetof可知，這里用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。10．Shewastheone________didmostofthetalking.答案：who空格處所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，先行詞為theone，指人，故填who。句意：大部分時間都是她在說話。[能力題]Ⅰ閱讀理解ApaintingbyChineseartistQiBaishisetarecordformodernartandcalligraphy(書法)ontheMainlandwhenitsoldfor425.5millionyuanatanauction(拍賣)onMay22.Thesalewasamilestoneeq\a\vs4\al(W1)intheauctionofmodernandcontemporaryeq\a\vs4\al(W2)artworks.Thepricemeantitsvaluehadrisenmorethan2,000percentinsixyears.Thework,EagleStandingonPineTreewithFour-characterCoupletinSealScript,measuresabout2.6metersby1meter.ItwasthesecondhighestpricepaidforanartworkontheMainland.ASongDynastyworkbyHuangTingjiansoldfor436.8millionyuanin2010.Qi'spaintingwasfinishedin1946whenQiwas82,anditwashislargestwork.Withastartingpriceof88millionyuan,itattractednearly50bids(出價)inhalfanhour.ShanghaibusinessmanLiuYiqiansaidthattheworkhadbelongedtoeq\a\vs4\al(P1)himandhadcostlessthan20millionyuanin2005.TheauctioncompanysaidtheworkwasbroughtbacktotheMainlandafterbeingboughtfromaprivateownerinSanFranciscosixyearsago.Chinarankedeq\a\vs4\al(W3)firstinglobalartsaleslastyear,aheadoftheUnitedStatesandBritain.FourChineseartistswereamongthetop10inworldwideeq\a\vs4\al(W4)sales:QiBaishi,ZhangDaqian,XuBeihongandFuBaoshi.Qi'sworksrankedsecondinsalestoPabloPicasso'slastyear.QiwasbornintoapeasantfamilyinHunanProvincein1864.Hetaughthimselftopaintandfocusedoneq\a\vs4\al(P2)natureincludingplants,insects,birdsandfish.Heismostlywellknownforhispaintingsofshrimps.In1953,hewaselectedpresidentofChinaArtistsAssociation.HediedinBeijingin1957.eq\x(篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。中國現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)家齊白石的一幅作品被拍賣出了“天價”，創(chuàng)造了中國大陸藝術(shù)品拍賣的紀(jì)錄。)1．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．QiBaishi'sPaintingWasDiscoveredB．QiBaishi'sPaintingWasBroughtBackC．QiBaishi'sPaintingSetanAuctionRecordD．TheValueofQiBaishi'sPaintingsIsontheIncrease答案：C標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是齊白石的一幅作品被拍賣出了“天價”，創(chuàng)造了中國大陸藝術(shù)品拍賣的紀(jì)錄。故選C項(xiàng)。2．WhoseartworksoldforthehighestpriceontheMainland?A．QiBaishi's.B．HuangTingjian's.C．XuBeihong's.D．ZhangDaqian's.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三、四句“ItwasthesecondhighestpricepaidforanartworkontheMainland.ASongDynastyworkbyHuangTingjiansoldfor436.8millionyuanin2010.”可知，黃庭堅(jiān)的作品在中國大陸拍賣出了最高價。故選B項(xiàng)。3．TheauctionpriceofQi'spaintingwas________millionyuanhigherthanthestartingpriceintheauction.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第六句中的“Withastartingpriceof88millionyuan”可知，齊白石這幅作品的起價是88millionyuan，最終拍賣了425.5millionyuan，那么他的這幅畫拍賣出的價格比最初的價格多了(425.5－88＝)337.5million。故A項(xiàng)正確。4．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfroma________.A．computerbookB．libraryguideC．technologymagazineD．newspaperreport答案：D推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了齊白石的一幅作品在拍賣會上拍出了“天價”，屬于新聞報道。故D項(xiàng)正確。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．milestonen.重大事件，里程碑2．contemporaryadj.當(dāng)代的，現(xiàn)代的3．rankv.排列，位列4．worldwideadj.&adv.遍及全世界的；在全世界eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語)1．belongto屬于2．focuson專注于Ⅱ完形填空An11-year-oldgirllookedatthecoconuttree(椰子樹)inherbackyardatherislandhomeofAntigua.Shedreamedofonedaybecominga(n)__1__inAmerica.Shetoldeveryoneaboutit.Ofcourse,noteveryone__2__herdreamandsomeevenlaughed,saying,“WhydoyouwanttobealawyerinAmerica?Theyhaveenoughlawyers.”However,she__3__tochangehermind.Hermothertoldhershecoulddo__4__andifshewantedtobealawyer,that'swhatshewouldbe.At16,shegraduatedfromhighschool__5__hermomwasnotreadytolether__6__.So,shestayedtwoyearsinAntiguaStateCollege.At18,hermomgaveher$1,000andwithonesuitcasesheleftforAmerica.NewtotheAmerican__7__system,shedidn'tknowhowto__8__acollegeandhowtoapply(申請).Shesearchedforinformationandvisitedafew__9__.However,whenshearrivedatNewJerseyCityUniversity,sheknewitwas“home”.Sheappliedandgot__10__.HavingspenttwoyearsincollegeinAntigua,she__11__tograduateintwoyears.Thiswasnot__12__；sheneeded128__13__tograduate.Shewastoldthatwhatsheplannedtodowas__14__.Butshedecidedshewoulddoit.Inthefollowingyears,shethrewherselfintoher__15__，gettingallthecreditsrequired.Shemadeit__16__.Onthedayofhergraduationfromthelawschool,hermothercriedoverhow__17__herbabyhadcome.Onthedayshe__18__herfirstbarexamat25,herlifecamefullcircle.Fromher__19__tobeareallawyerinAmerica,she__20__thatanythingispossible.Andthatgirlwasme.eq\x(篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者自己堅(jiān)持不懈，不忘初心最終奇跡般地實(shí)現(xiàn)在美國當(dāng)律師的夢想的故事。)1．A.doctorB．teacherC．lawyerD．engineer答案：C從文章第二段中別人嘲笑女孩的話“Whydoyouwanttobealawyer”可知，女孩的夢想是在美國當(dāng)一名律師(lawyer)。下文中的“ifshewantedtobealawyer”也是信息提示。2．A.rememberedB．realizedC．heardD．shared答案：D從下文有人嘲笑女孩可知，不是每個人都和她一樣，有同樣的夢想。share在此處意為“有同樣的想法”。3．A.determinedB．refusedC．choseD．tried答案：B縱觀全文可知，女孩堅(jiān)持并最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢想，故可推斷這里是指她拒絕(refused)改變主意。4．A.anythingB．somethingC．nothingD．everything答案：A從下文中的“ifshewantedtobealawyer,that'swhatshewouldbe”可知，女孩的媽媽鼓勵她，她可以做任何事情。anything意為“任何事物”，符合語境。5．A.orB．a(chǎn)ndC．soD．but答案：D16歲時，女孩高中畢業(yè)。從下文中的“shestayedtwoyearsinAntiguaStateCollege”可以推斷出，雖然女孩已經(jīng)可以去美國申請大學(xué)了，但是她媽媽還沒有準(zhǔn)備好讓她走，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以要用but。6．A.goB．learnC．cryD．stop答案：A下文中的“sheleftforAmerica”是提示信息，她媽媽還不愿意讓她遠(yuǎn)赴美國。7．A.educationB．technologyC．businessD．medicine答案：A從上一段可知，女孩是去美國讀大學(xué)的，所以她不熟悉美國的教育(education)體系。8．A.changeB．foundC．findD．manage答案：C根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示女孩不知道怎么找到(find)一所大學(xué)，也不知道怎么申請入學(xué)。9．A.relativesB．professorsC．homesD．colleges答案：D從下文中的“whenshearrivedatNewJerseyCityUniversity...”可以推斷，女孩拜訪了幾所大學(xué)(colleges)。10．A.trustedB．a(chǎn)cceptedC．a(chǎn)nsweredD．a(chǎn)ttacked答案：B下文直接介紹了女孩的學(xué)習(xí)計劃，故可推知她已經(jīng)申請并進(jìn)入了NewJerseyCityUniversity。由此推斷，她被接受(accepted)了。11．A.beggedB．regrettedC．decidedD．a(chǎn)greed答案：C從本段最后一句中的“shedecidedshewoulddoit.”可知，女孩決定(decided)在兩年內(nèi)畢業(yè)。12．A.usefulB．legalC．boringD．easy答案：D由第13空所在句子和本段末尾的“Butshedecidedshewoulddoit.”可知，完成這件事情是不容易的(easy)。13．A.creditsB．friendsC．coursesD．plans答案：A女孩在兩年內(nèi)修完128個學(xué)分(credits)才可以畢業(yè)。倒數(shù)第二段中的“allthecredits”是提示。14．A.meaningfulB．hopefulC．selfishD．impossible答案：D用兩年時間修完128個學(xué)分的難度很大，所以她被告知這件事是不可能的(impossible)。15．A.lifeB．studiesC．jobD．marriage答案：B要在兩年內(nèi)修完整個大學(xué)期間的學(xué)分，當(dāng)然要把全身心都投入到學(xué)業(yè)(studies)上。16．A.unwillinglyB．immediatelyC．finallyD．frequently答案：C根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，只有finally(最終)才能體現(xiàn)出實(shí)現(xiàn)該計劃之艱難。其他三項(xiàng)不符合語境。17．A.farB．oftenC．soonD．long答案：Ahowfarsb.hascome是固定用法，字面意思是“某人走了多遠(yuǎn)”，這里是“某人取得了多少成就”的意思。18．A.missedB．passedC．failedD．ignored答案：B根據(jù)“herlifecamefullcircle”可推知，此處是指她通過(passed)了律師資格考試。19．A.imaginationB．dreamC．suggestionD．idea答案：B從第一段可知，女孩11歲時開始夢想著在美國當(dāng)律師。所以此處是指她的夢想(dream)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。20．A.toldB．declareC．provedD．showed答案：C女孩的成功證明了(proved)一切皆有可能。Ⅲ短文改錯LastSundayIamabouttoleavetheGreenLakeParkwhenImetaforeignvisitorwhoseseemedtobelost.ItriedtohelphimbutIfoundwehaddifficultyinunderstandeachotherbecauseofmypoorEnglish.Justatthatmoment,tallyoungladycametoourhelp.HespokeverygoodEnglish.Withherhelp,theforeignvisitorfinallyfoundthewaybutIlearnedsomeEnglishaswell.Beforeheleft,theforeignerthankedtousforourkindness.Iwasveryexcitingthatday.ThisexperiencehavemademerealizethatEnglishisrealusefulandworthlearning.Iwillworkhardatitfromnowon.答案：LastSundayIeq\o(am,\s\do4(①was))ab