2022年湖北省武漢市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題(含答案)

2022年湖北省武漢市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Jobs

Apersonplanningforacareertodaymustlookcarefullyattheexpectedoccupationaltrendsandchangesinthejobmarket.Affectingtheeconomyarechangesinthesize,age,anddistributionofthepopulation,aswellasdevelopmentsintechnology.Thesechangesalsoaffectemploymentopportunities.Forexample,anagingpopulationhasincreasedtheneedformedicalcareandotherhealthservices.Computertechnologyhasnotonlyeliminatedorchangedthenatureofmanyjobsbutalsocreatednewoccupations.Byanalyzingthechangingeconomyandthefactorscausingthesechanges,apersoncanforecast,orpredictfuturetrendsinemployment.

ANewLaborForce

TheUnitedStateslaborforcethetotalnumberofpeopleovertheageof16whoareemployedorareactivelyseekingworktotaled127millionin1992.Bytheyear2005,thelaborforceisexpectedtoreach151million,anincreaseof19%.Thisincreaserepresentsaslightslowdowninthegrowthofthelaborforcecomparedwithgrowthduringtheprevious13-yearperiod,1979-1992.TheslowdownislargelyduetoslowerpopulationgrowthintheUnitedStates.

TheU.S.laborforcewillbecomemorediverseby2005,whitenonHispanicmenmadeupaslightlysmallerproportionofthelaborforcethanin1992,whilewomenandminoritygroupmemberswillmakeupalargershare.Between1992and2005,blacks,Hispanics,Asians,andotherethnic(種族的)groupswillaccountforroughly35%ofallpeopleenteringtheworkforce.Inaddition,womenwillcontinuetojointhelaborforceingrowingnumbers.In1979,womenmadeup42%ofthelaborforce.By2005,theirshareisexpectedtobe48%.

Theagemake-upoftheU.S.populationwillchangefrom1992to2005.Therewillbeasmallerproportionofchildrenandteenagersandalargerproportionofmiddle-agedandolderpeople.Thedeclineintheproportionofchildrenandteenagersreflectsthelowerbirthratesofthe1980sand1990s.Thelargeincreaseinthemiddle-agedpopulationreflectstheagingofthebabyboomgeneration—peopleborn

between1946and1964.Therapidgrowthoftheolderpopulationreflectsboththehighbirthratesbeforethe1930sandimprovementsinmedicaltechnologythatareallowingAmericanstolivelonger.

Thechangingagemake-upoftheU.S.populationwilldirectlyaffecttomorrow'sworkforce.Youngpeopleage16to24areexpectedtomakeuproughlythesamepercentageofthelaborforcein2005astheydidin1992.However,thepercentageofworkersage25to34willdeclinedramatically,from28%to21%.Thebabyboomgenerationwillcontinuetoaddmemberstotheworkforce,buttheirsharewilldeclineslightly.Themoststrikingchangewillbealargeincreaseinthepercentageofworkersbetweentheagesof45and54.Theseworkerswillaccountfor24%ofthelaborforcein2005,upfrom18%in1992.Workersinthisagegroupusuallyhavemoreemploymentexperiencethanyoungerworkers.Thus,employerswillbeabletochoosefromalargerpoolofexperiencedapplicants,peopleseekingjobs,incomingyears.

Education:APrerequisite(先決條件)forEmployment

Theeducationlevelofthelaborforcehasrisendramaticallyinrecentyears.In1980,forexample,19%ofallworkersage25andolderhadcompletedfouryearsofcollege.In1992,27%hadabachelor'sdegreeorhigher.Thetrendtowardhighereducationalachievementisexpectedtocontinue.

From1992to2005,employmentgrowthwillbefasterforoccupationsrequiringhigherlevelsofeducationortrainingthanforthoserequiringless.Managerial,professional,andtechnicalpositionswillmakeupanincreasingproportionofnewjobsthatbecomeavailable.Manyoftheoccupationsprojectedforgrowingmostrapidlyarethosewithhigherearnings.

Officeandfactoryautomation,changesinconsumerde

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Unemploymentmeansalotoftime,especiallyforthosehard-chargingexecutiveswhoarenotusedtohavinganyfreetime.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Ifyouknowtheinterestofrecruiter,thenyoucanavoidalotofmistakes.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Commonsenseprinciplesareappliedtothedesignoftoasters,lawnmowersandmobilephonesto______.

5.Calories

Foryearsnow,calorieshavebeenalltherage--peoplearecountingthemandcuttingthem,andyou'dbehard-pressedtofindsomethingatthesupermarketthatdoesnotlistitscaloriesperservingsomewhereonthepackage.Buthaveyoueverwonderedwhatexactlyacalorieis?

WhatIsACalorie?

Acalorieisaunitofenergy.Wetendtoassociatecalorieswithfood,buttheyapplytoanythingcontainingenergy.Forexample,agallon(about4liters)ofgasolinecontainsabout31,000,000calories.

Specifically,acalorieistheamountofenergy,orheat,ittakestoraisethetemperatureof1gramofwater1degreeCelsius(1.8degreesFahrenheit).Onecalorieisequalto4.184joules(焦耳),acommonunitofenergyusedinthephysicalsciences,

Mostofusthinkofcaloriesinrelationtofood,asin"Thiscanofsodahas200calories."Itturnsoutthatthecaloriesonafoodpackageareactuallykilocalories(1,000calories=1kilocalorie).Thewordissometimescapitalizedtoshowthedifference,butusuallynot.Afoodcaloriecontains4,184joules.Acanofsodacontaining200foodcaloriescontains200,000regularcalories,or200kilocalories.Agallonofgasolinecontains31,000kilocalories.

Thesameappliestoexercise--whenafitnesschartsaysyouburnabout100caloriesforeverymileyoujog,itmeans100kilocalories.Forthedurationofthisarticle,whenwesay"calorie",wemean"kilocalorie".

WhatCaloriesDo?

Humanbeingsneedenergytosurvive--tobreathe,move,pumpblood--andtheyacquirethisenergyfromfood.

Thenumberofcaloriesinafoodisameasureofhowmuchpotentialenergythatfoodpossesses.Agramofcarbohydrates(碳水化合物)has4calories,agramofproteinhas4calories,andagramoffathas9calories.Foodsareacompilationofthesethreebuildingblocks.Soifyouknowhowmanycarbohydrates,fatsandproteinsareinanygivenfood,youknowhowmanycalories,orhowmuchenergy,thatfoodcontains.

Ifwelookatthenutritionallabelonthebackofapacketofmaple-and-brown-sugaroatmeal,wefindthatithas160calories.Thismeansthatifweweretopourthisoatmealintoadish,settheoatmealonfireandgetittoburncompletely(whichisactuallyprettytricky),thereactionwouldproduce160kilocalories(remember:foodcaloriesarekilocalories)--enoughenergytoraisethetemperatureof160kilogramsofwater1degreeCelsius.

Ifwelookcloseratthenutritionallabel,weseethatouroatmealhas2gramsoffat,4gramsofproteinand32gramsofcarbohydrates,producingatotalof162calories(apparently,foodmanufacturersliketorounddown).Ofthese162calories,18comefromfat(9calx2g),16comefromprotein(4cal×4g)and128comefromcarbohydrates(4cal×32g).

Ourbodies"burn"thecaloriesintheoatmealthroughmetabolic(新陳代謝的)processes,bywhichenzymes(酵素)breakthecarbohydratesintoglucose(葡萄糖)andothersugars,thefatsintoglycerol(丙三醇)andfattyacidsandtheproteinsintoaminoacids(氨基酸).

Thesemoleculesarethentransportedthroughthebloodstreamtothecells,wheretheyareeitherabsorbedforimmediateuseorsentontothefinalstageofmetabolisminwhichtheyarereactedwithoxygentoreleasetheirstoredenergy.

YourCaloricNeeds

Justhowmanycaloriesdoourcellsneedtofunctionwell?Thenumberisdifferentforeveryperson.Youmaynoticeonthenutritionallabelsofthefoodsyoubuythatthe"percentdailyvalues"arebasedona2,000caloriediet.2,000caloriesisaroughaverageofwhatapersonneedstoeatinaday,butyourbodymightneedmoreorlessthan2,000calories.Height,weight,gender,ageandactivitylevelallaffectyourcaloricneeds.

Thereareseveralfactorsthatregulatehowmanyca

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Accordingtotheplatinumrule,weshouldtreatourteammembersaswewouldhavethemtreatus.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.Theaccountnumberissecuresinceaccordingtofederallaw,thenumberofthecardholders'accountprintedoutare______.

8.

Geneticmedicinesarenewerandmoreexpensive.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Thephotosynthesisbyancientmicrobesisanexampleof______.

A.thechangeofEarth

B.thelonghistoryofEarth

C.thelife'sinfluencesonEarth

D.thepowerofsunlight

10.

Accordingtotheauthor,wecanalwaysfindsatisfactionin______.

A.tryingtomaketheworldabetterplace

B.fulfillingourlong-cherisheddreams

C.acceptingthegoodandevilsidesoftheworld

D.standinguptothechallengesoftheworld

11.

Budgetforlegislationmaydoubletheexpenditureson______in10years.

12.

OnesecuritymodeofferedbyBluetoothisthatdatamaybeexchangedfreelyamongthedevicesBluetoothusersestablishas_______________.

13.Theproblemseitherwiththedispensermechanismorwiththebillscanleadto______.

14.

RachelCarsonstartedwritingbefore______.

15.

TheBibletellspeoplehowJesuswasbetrayed,accusedandcondemnedtodeath.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

AftertheresignationofIndonesianPresidentin1998,IndonesianChineseresidentssenttheirchildrentoschooloffering______inthebeliefthat"ChinesechildrenshouldlearnChinese".

17.

Abdominalpainoccurringbeforemealindicates______.

18.

ThecompanycanapplytotheFDAforpermissiontobeginhumanstudieswhentheresultsofanimalstudiesindicatethatthenewdrugisliketobe______.

19.

TheexamplesofAmyLowellandBeethoventellusthatweshouldwritedownagoodideaimmediatelyasitmayeasilydisappear.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Justlikefatigueandweakness,depressionisonesymptomof______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B4】

22.聽力原文：W:Withusnow,isMalcolmBricklin,CEOofVehicles.

M：Hello，everyone．

W：WehavebeenhearingacoupleoftingsaboutthisnewsthatFordMotorCompanyisslashingupto30,000jobs,shuttingdown14plantsnationwide．Isitabigdealifwearenolongermanufacturingthesecars，Malcolm?

M:Ithinkit'sahugedeal．Imeanthecompaniesaremassiveemployersbothdirectlyandindirectly．IfyoulookatFordaftertheirrestructuring，they'veactuallygot87,000employeeswhichistwiceasmanyasMicrosofthaveworldwide．Moreover，ifyoulookatthosejobs，theyareveryhigh-payingjobs．Thesearepeoplewhocanaffordtobuytheirownproducts．

W:Er，itseemstoindicateabighitforoureconomyifthesejobsgobye-bye．

M:Yeah，it'sareallysaddayforAmerica．

W:Butitisnotasifcarsarestoppedbeingmade，right?

M:Correct．StillalargenumberofcarsarebeingmadebyAmericanmanufacturers．MorethanhalfoftheAmericancarssoldinAmericaareAmerica．Sowhathashappenedovertimeisthatasthemarketsharehasfallen，foreigncarcompanieshavecomein，takenoverplantsandsetupnewplantsandtheyhavetakenoverthatcapacity．So，itisnotliketherearefewercarsbeingproducedinAmericathantherewere30yearsago．

W:LetmeaskyouabouttheChinesecomingin.WhatwoulditmeantoAmericanjob,ifandwhenthathappen?

M:TheChinesecarswehaveseensofararen'tthatgreatandtheydon'thavethebrandingnecessarytomakeahugeimpactintheworldstage

(23)

A.ItisclosingdownsomefactoriesintheUS.

B.Itnolongeroffershigh-payingjobs.

C.Thenumberofitsemployeesisdoubledaftertherestructuring.

D.Itismanufacturingasmanycarsasbefore.

23.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：ExpertssaysomefarmingactivitiesareseriouslydamagingEarth'senvironment.Badfarmingmethodscandamagesoil,forestsandwatersupplies.Theyalsohavecausedsomeplantsandanimalstodisappear.

Twogroupsnowsaythatbadfarmingmethodsarethreateningtheabilityoffarmerstoproduceenoughfoodtofeedtheworldpopulationinthefuture.

Thegroupsusedsatelliteimages,mapsandmodernequipmenttostudytheeffectofagricultureontheenvironment.Thestudyfoundthatthedestructionofsoiliswidespread.Importantorganicnutrients

arebeingremovedfromfarmland.

Agricultureusesseventypercentofthefreshwaterintheworldeachyear.Thestudyfoundthatmanyfarmersarewastingwatersupplies.Inaddition,chemicalsdesignedtoprotectcropsmaypollutewaterways.

Thereportalsosaysasmuchasthirtypercentoftheworld'sforestshavebeencutdownsothelandcouldbeusedforagriculture.Thishasledtoaseverelossofwildlifeandtheirenvironments.

(27)

A.Soil.B.Humanpopulation.C.Forest.D.Water.

24.聽力原文：W:Haveyoueverbeenchasedbyadog,Keith?

M:No,Ihaven't,it'snotadog,butIhavebeenchasedbybulls.

W:Really?Youhavebeenchasedbyabull?

M:Yes,itwasacoupleofweeksago,Iwas...er...Iwasgoingforawalkoutinthecountryfollowingthisfootpathanditwentthroughafield,andIwassobusylookingoutforthefootpaththatIdidn'tnoticethatthefieldwasfullofyoungbullocks.AndthetroublewasIwaswearingthisbrightredanorak,andsuddenlythebullsstartedbuckingandjumpingupanddownandstartedchasingme.

W:Whatdidyoudo?

M:Well,Iwasprettyscared,Ijustranforthenearestfenceandjumpedoverit.

W:ActuallyIdoknowsomebodywhooncegotbittenbyadogwhilehewasjogging.

M:Washe?Howdidthathappen?Youknow,it'skindofhardtobelievethingslikethis.

W:Well,hewasrunningpastafarmwhensuddenlythissheepdogcameoutandstartedbarkingathim,sohetriedtokickitoutoftheway,butthensuddenlythedogjumpedupandbithimintheleg.Ithinkhehadtogotothedoctortomakesureitwasn'tinfected.Youknowitisreallyverydangerous.

(20)

A.Aweekago.

B.Nearlytwentydaysago.

C.Acoupleofweekdays.

D.Severaldaysago.

25.(16)

A.Bymotorcycle.B.Bybus.C.Bybicycle.D.Bycar.

26.(24)

A.Theareacoveredbythecourse.

B.Thepracticeorientationofthecourse.

C.Teachers'attitudetobothteachingandthestudents.

D.Teachers'flexibilityinteaching.

27.(35)

A.Becausesomeonemaylikeitandthenkeepit.

B.Becauseitistrivialcomparedtocrimesandcasesalike,

C.Becausethepolicearenotsupposedtohelppeopledothis.

D.Becausetherearehundredsofsimilarguitars.

28.(25)

A.Nervous.B.Angry.C.Exciting.D.Relaxed.

29.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:Isn'titrathercoldoutside,Sally?

W:Itisabit,butIcan'tstandtheterriblesmokeinside.I'dratherstayhereifyoudon'tmind.Youknow,freshairmakesmemorecomfortable.

Q:Whydoesthewomanwanttostayoutside?

(12)

A.Becauseshefeelsveryhotintheroom.

B.Becauseshewantstoavoidmeetingpeople.

C.Becauseshewantstosmokeacigaretteoutside.

D.Becauseshedoesn'tlikethesmellinside.

30.(41)

31.聽力原文：M:Excuseme.

W:Yes,canIhelpyou?

M:Yes,uh...IwanttotakeanEnglishcourseinSeptemberandIneedsomeinformation.

W:Sure.CoursesstartonSeptember6thandfinishrightbeforeChristmasonDecember22nd.Um...theadvancedclassesmeeteveryMonday,WednesdayandFriday,from6to8intheevening,registrationisoneweekbeforeclassesbegin,sothat'sAugust30th.

M:SotherearenoclassesonTuesdayandThursday?

W:No,notforadvancedstudents.OnlyMonday,WednesdayandFriday.

M:AndhowmuchisthetuitionforonecoursefromSeptember6thtoDecember22nd?

W:It's350dollars.AndifyouwanttocontinueinJanuary,thatwillbeanother350.

M:350dollars.Hmm.Couldyoutellmewhat'sintheadvancedcourses?W:Letmesee.There'sadvancedgrammar,Americanliteratureandconversation.

M:Isthereanyworkonpronunciation?

W:No,notatthislevel.

M:Howaboutwriting?Isthereanythingoncomposition?

W:Yes,theydosomewriting,butmostoftheworkisongrammar,literatureandconversation.

M:Isee.Andjustafewmorequestions.Doyouhavealanguagelabwhere!canworkonmypronunciation?Andwhataboutvideosandcomputers?

W:Well,wedon'thavealanguagelab.Thebuildingistoosmall.Butwedohavevideoandwealsohavetaperecordersineveryroom.

M:Andcomputers?

W:No,noneatpresent.

M:Isee.Well,thankyouverymuch.You'reveryhelpful.

W:You'rewelcome.Good-bye.

M:Good-bye.

(23)

A.OnAugust30th.

B.OnSeptember1st.

C.OnSeptember6th.

D.OnDecember22nd.

32.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：Anotherculturalaspectofnonverbalcommunicationisonethatyoumightnotthinkabout:space.Everypersonperceiveshimselftohaveasortofinvisibleshieldsurroundinghisphysicalbody.Whensomeonecomestooclose,hefeelsuncomfortable.Whenhebumpsintosomeone,hefeelsobligedtoapologize.Butthesizeofaperson's"comfortzone"dependsonhisculturalethnicorigin.Forexample,incasualconversation,manyAmericansstandaboutfourfeetapart.Inotherwords,theyliketokeepeachother"atarm'slength",peopleinLatinorArabcultures,incontrast,standveryclosetoeachother,andtoucheachotheroften.IfsomeonefromoneofthreeculturesstandstooclosetoanAmericanwhileinconversation,theAmericanmayfeeluncomfortableandbackaway.

WhenAmericansaretalking,theyexpectotherstorespondtowhattheyaresaying.ToAmericans,politeconversationalistsempathizebydisplayingexpressionsofexcitementordisgust,shockorsadness.Peoplewitha"pokerface",whoseemotionsarehiddenbyanindifferentexpression,arelookeduponwithsuspicion.

Americansalsoindicatetheirattentivenessinaconversationbyraisingtheireyebrows,nodding,smilingpolitelyandmaintaininggoodeyecontact.Whereassomeculturesviewdirecteyecontactasimpoliteorthreatening,Americansseeitasasignofgenuinenessandhonesty.

Ifapersondoesn'tlookyouintheeye,Americansmightsay,youshouldquestionhismotives—orassumethathedoesn'tlikeyou.Yetwithalltheconcernforeyecontact,Americansstillconsiderstaring--especiallyatstrangers--toberude.

Anotherculturalaspectofnonverbalcommunicationisonethatyoumightnotthinkabout:space.Everyperson【B1】______himselftohaveasortofinvisible【B2】______surroundinghisphysicalbody.Whensomeonecomestooclose,hefeelsuncomfortable.Whenhebumpsintosomeone,hefeels【B3】______toapologize.Butthesizeofaperson's"comfortzone"dependsonhisculturalethnic【B4】______.Forexample,in【B5】______conversation,manyAmericansstandaboutfourfeetapart.Inotherwords,theyliketokeepeachother"atarm's【B6】______",peopleinLatinorArabcultures,incontrast,standveryclosetoeachother,andtoucheachotheroften.IfsomeonefromoneofthoseculturesstandstooclosetoanAmericanwhileinconversation,theAmericanmayfeeluncomfortableandbackaway.

WhenAmericansaxetalking,theyexpectothersto【B7】______towhattheyaresaying.ToAmericans,politeconversationalistsempathizebydisplayingexpressionsofexcitementor【B8】______,shockorsadness.【B9】___________________________.

Americansalsoindicatetheirattentivenessinaconversationbyraisingtheireyebrows,nodding,smilingpolitelyandmaintaininggoodeyecontact.【B10】_________________________.

Ifapersondoesn'tlookyouintheeye,Americansmightsay,youshouldquestionhismotives--orassumethathedoesn'tlikeyou.【B11】__________________________________.

【B1】

33.【B11】

34.(28)

A.Theysmiletocoverembarrassment.

B.Itisanunusualandevensuspiciousbehavior.

C.Theysmiletoshowpoliteness.

D.Itisanexpressionofpleasure.

35.(32)

A.Protectingroadsalongtheshore.

B.Buildingonbeacheswithseawalls.

C.Addingsandtobeacheswithseawalls.

D.Stoppingbuildingseawalls.

36.

【B5】

37.

【B6】

38.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:You'llneed36credithourstogetanM.A.degree.FifteenmustbefromtheEnglishDepartmentandfifteenfromtheEducationDepartment.Fortheremainingsixcredithours,youcaneitherwriteathesisortaketwomoreselectedcourse.

W:Rightnow,thisisveryconfusingtome,butI'msureI'llknowwhattodoasIlearnmoreaboutit.

Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?

(12)

A.Gettingextracredits.

B.TherequirementsofanM.A.thesis.

C.ThecredithoursrequiredforanM.A.degree.

D.Takingmoreselectedcourses.

39.聽力原文：W:Cathyseemedtobequitesatisfiedwiththeresultsofherexams.

M:Satisfied?Shecouldhardlycontainherself.

Q:HowdidCathyfeelaboutherexams?

(17)

A.Shewasextremelyhappywithherexams.

B.Shewasnotsureabouttheresultsofherexams.

C.Shecouldn'tbelievetheresultsofherexams.

D.Shewasnotsatisfiedwithherexamsatall.

40.

【B8】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

ThepromotedJapanesemanageraskedforatransferbecause______.

A.hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition

B.hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself

C.hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob

D.helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors

42.

AllofthefollowingWeresuggestedasbeingusedbysleepresearchersEXCEPT______.

A.electrodesB.hypnosisC.chartsD.recorders

43.

Iftheforestweretocontinuetobedestroyedatthecurrentrate,itwouldall______withinthenext200years.

44.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Thehumanbrainissomewhatlikeanarchaeologicalsite,preservingwithinitslayersthebasicbrainstructuresofitsevolutionarypredecessors—thelowermammalsandreptiles(爬行動物).Consequently,ithasarelativelyrecentouterlayerthatisdistinctlyprimate(靈長目動物的),withspecialdevelopmentsandtissuesthatdistinguishhumanbeingsfromotherprimates.Nevertheless,wehavenotonebrain,butatleastthree—thatis,threeconnectedpartscarryoutdistinctivebutinterrelatedfunctions.

Theoldestpartofthehumanbrainisthe"reptilianbrain,"whichisfoundinthelowercenterofthebrain.Itresemblesabasicpartofthebrainofreptilesandservesmanyofthesamefunctionsinhumansthatitservesinreptiles.Itregulatesalargenumberofinnatebehavior.patternsthatarerelatedtopreservingthespecies.

Duringthecourseofevolution,anewformationofbraincells,developedinlowermammalsgivingthemtwobrains.Thisancient,mammalbrainaddsnewthingstothebehavior.repertoire(全部功能)ofmammals.Thebusinessofthisnewbrainisbasicallythedesiresandemotionsthatkeepmammalsmoving,mating,andavoidingpain.Formanymammals,evolutionstoppedhere.

Thebraincontinuedtodevelopwiththeadditionofathirdlayercalledthe"neocortex"(新皮層).Thisnewpartofthebrainreacheditspeakofdevelopmentinhumanbeings.Thisisthebrainthatgiveshumansthecapacityofrationalthought.Becauseofthenewpartofthebrainweareabletoengageinverbalcommunication,toreadandwrite,toempathize(表同情)withothers,andtocontemplateourownexistence.

Whatistheauthormainlytalkingaboutinthispassage?

45.Whatwillhappentoascholarwhoshareshisideaswithhiscolleaguesintheauthor'sopinion?

A.Hegainsrecognitionforhisachievements.

B.Heattractslargenumbersofstudents.

C.Heriskshisideasbeingstolen.

D.Heisconsideredslightlymad.

46.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Afterretirementfrommedical,mywifeandIbuiltourhomeinagatedcommunitysurroundedbyyachtclubsandgolfcoursesonHiltonHeadIsland.ButwhenIleftfortheothersideoftheisland,Iwastravelingonunpavedroadslinedwithleakycottages.The"lifestyle"ofmanyofthenativeislandersstoodinshockingcontrasttomycomfortableexistence.

Bytalkingtothelocalfolks,Idiscoveredthatthevastmajorityofthemaids,gardeners,waitressesandconstructionworkerswhomakethisislandworkhadlittleornoaccesstomedicalcare.Itseemedoutrageoustome.Iwonderedwhysomeonedidn'tdosomethingaboutthat.Thenmyfather'swords,whichbehadaskedhischildrendailywhentheywereyoung,ranginmyheadagain:"Whatdidyoudoforsomeonetoday?"

Eventhoughmyfatherhaddiedseveralyearsbefore,IguessIstilldidn'twanttodisappointhim.SoIstartedworkingonasolution.Theislandwasfullofretireddoctors.IfIcouldpersuadethemtospendafewhoursaweekvolunteeringtheirservices,wecouldprovidefreeprimaryhealthcaretothosesodesperatelyinneedofit.MostofthedoctorsIapproachedlikedtheidea,solongastheycouldberelicensedwithouttroubles.Ittookoneyearandplentyofpersistence,butIwasabletopersuadethestatelegislatorstocreateaspeciallicensefordoctorsvolunteeringinnot-for-pro,litclinics.

Thetowndonatedland,localresidentscontributedofficeandmedicalequipmentandsome