2021屆北師大貴陽(yáng)附中高三英語(yǔ)期中試卷及答案解析

2021屆北師大貴陽(yáng)附中高三英語(yǔ)期中試卷及答案解析第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)ACharlieThorneandtheLastEquationbyStuartGibbsTheCIAisonatasktofindanequation（方程式）calledPandora,whichcoulddestroytheworldifthewrongpeoplegetit.Forhelp,theyturntoCharlie,a12-year-oldgirlwho'sassmartasAlbertEinstein.Peoplewholikeaction-packedmysterieswillenjoyreadingthisexcitingbook.AstroNutsbyJonScieszkaandStevenWeinbergInAstroNuts,theEarthhasbeendestroyedbyhumansforthousandsofyears.FouranimalssetoutfromMountRushmore,theheadquarters（總部）ofNNASA.Theirtaskistofindanewplanetfitforhumanlife.Finally,theydiscoverone:PlantPlanet.Thestory'stheme（主題）issimple:Don'tharmtheplanet.ReaderswholovefantasywillenjoyAstroNuts.StargazingbyJenWangChristinehearsthatMoon,who'snewintown,isthekindofkidwhobeatspeopleupforfun.ButMoonandhermumcometolivewithChristine'sfamily,andthetwokidsbecomebestfriends.MoonevensharesabigsecretwithChristine.StargazingisbasedonauthorJenWang'sexperiencesasachild.Thestoryisaboutthepoweroffriendshipandhowpeopleareabletochange.RollwithItbyJamieSumnerRollwithItisastoryabouta12-year-oldgirlnamedEllie.Shehasdifficultywalkingonherownandusesawheelchair.WhenEllieandhermummovetoanotherstatetotakecareofEllie'sgrandpa,shemustlearntonavigate（處理）anewschoolandnewfriendships.Thisturnerisamust-readforeveryone.It'saheartwarmingstorythatreallyshowsthevalueoffamilyandhowbeingdifferentisspecial.Whichbooktellsreaderstoprotecttheplacewelivein?A.AstroNutsB.Stargazing.C.RollwithIt.D.CharlieThorneandtheLastEquation.WhatmakesStargazingdifferentfromtheotherthreebooks?Ittalksaboutfriendship.Ittellsstoriesaboutanimals.Itcontainslotsofscientificknowledge.Itwaswrittenaccordingtotheauthor'sexperiences.WhathappenedtoEllie?Shehaddifficultyinmakingfriends.Shehadanaccidentwhichleftherinawheelchair.Shewenttoanewschoolandhadtostartalloveragain.Shelosthermumandwastakencareofbyhergrandpa.BAsiscommonlyknown,Antarcticaisanicycontinentwithextremeenvironment.However,anewstudyprovidesevidencethattheareahadarainforestinthepast.TheresearcherscollectedapieceofEarthsedimentfromundertheseaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,theydiscoveredforestmaterialthatwasestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsold.Atthatperiod,dinosaursweretheruleranimalsoftheland.JohannKlages,aGermangeologist,wastheleadwriterofastudyonthefindings,publishedinthejournalNature.Hesaidthesedimentwascollectedfromadepthofabout30metersbelowtheoceanfloor.Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialdidn’tformintheocean.Theresearchersestimatethatthearea—about900kilometersfromtheSouthPole—hadaverageyearlytemperaturesofabout12°Cto13°C.Thesoilincludedfinedirtparticlesandhardclay,aswellassubstanceslinkedtoatleast65differentkindsofplants,thestudyfound.Althoughnoanimalremainswerefound,Klagessaidtherewerelikelydinosaurs,flyingreptilesandmanyinsectsintheenvironment.TheresearchrepresentsnewevidenceofthemajorclimatechangesEarthexperiencedinthepast—andiscurrentlyundergoingtoday.Thesoilinthesedimentdatesbacktotheplanet’swarmestperiodofthepast140millionyears,withsealevelabout170metershigherthantoday.TheresearcherssaidthattherainforestenvironmentinAntarcticawasespeciallysurprisingbecauseeachyear,theareaexperiencesafour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisnosunlighttofuelplantlife.Klagessaidnoicesheetswerepresentduringthetime,butseasonalsnowfallwaslikely.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesedimentcollected?A.Itformedintheageofdinosaurs. B.ItwasfoundontheAntarcticaland.C.Ancientforestmaterialwasfoundinit. D.Somedinosaurremainswerefoundinit.Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirfindings?A.ByanalyzingtheEarthsediment. B.ByexploringiceinAntarctica.C.Bycollectingdataonclimate. D.Byresearchingspecialplants.Whatcanbeindicatedinthelastparagraph?Seasonalsnowfallmadetheforestdisappear.Antarcticawasmuchcolder140millionyearsago.Antarctica’snaturalenvironmenthaschangedgreatly.PolarnightsinAntarcticaaregettingshorterthanbefore.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?RainforestdisappearedfromAntarctica.Antarcticahadadifferenthistoryofclimate.ResearchersstudiedapieceofEarthsedimentofAntarctica.D.Antarcticahadanextremeenvironmentcontainingiceandsnow.CWeallusedifferentwaystorememberideas,factsandthingsweneedtostore.Rememberingisanextremelyimportantpartofourlearningexperience.Informationprocess,storageandrecallencouragepurposefullearning.Butthebraindoesn’tstoreeverythingwewantorneedforfutureuse.Itmakeschoicesandtendstorememberinformationthatformsamemorablepattern.Thingsyoulearnedrecentlycanbeparticularlydifficulttorememberbecausetheyhaven’ttakenrootinyourmind.“Forgettingallowsustorememberwhatisreallyimportanttooursurvival.Weforgetmuchofwhatweread,watch,andthinkdirectlyeveryday.”writesJohnMedinainhisbook,BrainRules.Howdoyouavoidlosing90%ofwhatyou’velearned?AninspiringwriterandspeakerZigZiglaroncesaid:“Repetitionisthemotheroflearning,thefatherofaction,whichmakesitthearchitectofaccomplishment.”Repetitionhasbeenarememberingskillforages.Whenyouhearorreadsomethingonce，youdon’treallylearnit-atleastnotwellenoughtostorethenewinformationforlong.Therightkindofrepetitioncandowondersforyourmemory.Peoplelearnorrememberbetterbyrepeatingthingsorgettingexposedtoinformationmanytimes.Othersrepeatparticularstepsorprocessesdeliberatelyanumberoftimesorevenyearstobecomebetteratcertainskills.DanielCoyleexplainsinhisbook,TheLittleBookofTalent:“...closingthebookandwritingasummary,evenshortones,forcesyoutofigureoutthekeypoints,processandorganizethoseideassotheymakesense,andwritethemonthepage.Whenyoupickitbackupweekslater,rereadallofyournotesorhighlightstostrengthentheideasevenfurther.”P(pán)eoplelearnbyrepeatingthings.Betterlearningisarepetitionprocess.Everytimewerepetitivelyaccesssomethingwealreadyknow,weincreasethememory’sstoredvalue.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Thebraintendstostore90%ofthethingswelearn.Thefreshertheinformationistheeasiertoremember.Thinkingismoreimportantthanrememberinginstudy.Thebraintendstochooseandkeepwhatitthinksimportant.Howdoesthewriterprovehisopinion?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Byborrowingwordsofexperts. D.Byprovidingscientificfinding.WhatdoesDanielCoylewanttosayinhisbook?Youcan’tpaytoomuchattentiontorepetition.Summarizingisaveryeffectivelearningtool.Forgettingforceshumanbraintomakechoices.Regularrepetitionhelpstoformgoodhabits.Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitleofthepassage?HowtheBrainWorks B.ReadingforMoreC.FightingAgainstForgetting D.RepeattoRememberDWheredoyoufindbeauty?FashionMagazines?MusicVideos?OneAmericanphotographerisfindingbeautyinunexpectedplaces.Andanewdocumentaryabouthisworkmighthelpchangethetraditionalstandardsof“who”isbeautiful.RickGuidottiputasidehiscareerasafashionphotographertoturnhislenstopeoplelivingwithgenetic,physicalandbehavioraldifferences.Hesayswhatchangedhisperceptionofbeautywasachanceencounterwithanalbino（白化?。ゞirl.“Iwasjusttiredofpeopletellingmewhowasbeautiful.EveryseasonthatfacewouldchangebutIwasalwaystoldwhowasbeautiful.Asanartist,Idon'tseebeautyjustoncoversofmagazines.Iseeiteverywhere.Soitwasmyinitialintentionthatopenedmyeyesalittlewiderandwider.”SaidGuidotti.GuidottihascreatedPositiveExposure,anot-for-profitorganizationthatusesphotographyandvideototransformpublicviewsandpromoteaworldwheredifferencesarecelebrated.GuidottiandPositiveExposurearefeaturedinanewdocumentarycalledOnBeauty.ThecastandcrewrecentlyhostedascreeningatGeorgetownUniversityinWashington.OneofthewomenfeaturedinthefilmisJayneWaithera.“IneverthoughtIwasbeautifulbecausenobodysaidthattome,butmeetinghimwasmyprofoundmoment.IrememberthatparticulardayhetookmypictureandIfeltsogoodlikeIfeltthere'ssomebodywho,reallylovesmeandseesmeforwhoIamandwhoseesmemorethanmycondition.”saidWaithera.ThedocumentaryistheideaofproducerJoannaRudnick.AfterseeingGuidotti'sphotos,shedecidedtotellhisstory.JoannaandGuidottiaretravelingfromcitytocitytopromoteOnBeauty.“AsItravelfromcommunitytocommunity,I'mtakingphotographsandI'mencouragingindividualswithapositivesenseofwhotheyare.They'reseeingbeautyintheirreflectionbutI'malsoencouragingtheirfamiliesandtheyinturnareencouragingtheircommunitiesaswell.Allisbasedonthephilosophyofchangehowyousee,seehowyouchange.”12.WhatmadeRickchangehisunderstandingofbeauty?A.Agirldiagnosedwithalbino.Hisjobasafashionphotographer.Thebeautyonthecoversofmagazines.Influencefromthepeopleworkingwithhim.WhatcanweinferaboutJayneWaithera?Sheshowedgreatinterestintakingphotos.Sheusedtobedisappointedatherworkandlife.ShewasgreatlyinfluencedbytheexperiencewithRick.ShebelievedRickwasthebestphotographerintheworld.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeOnBeauty?A.abstractanddifferentB.traditionalandacademicC.tolerantandencouraging D.creativeandinterestingWhat'sthebesttitleofthetext?TrueBeautyInTheEyeOfAPhotographerBeautifulOrNotBeautiful,That'sAQuestionBeWhoYouAreNotWhoYouWantToBeADifferentphotographer,ADifferentMagazine第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)Whattodoonceyouachieveyourgoal?Herearesomebasiclessonsthatcanhelpyouonceyoureachyourgoal,___16___TheseareprinciplesthatmillionairePaulScolardihasputintopracticetogoodeffect.Staymodest.Youcancelebrateyourachievements.Butdon'tactarrogantly（傲慢低）17Whileyou’vemadegreatprogress,it'simportantthatyoushouldn'tlookdownonthosewhoareinthesamesituationsasyou.___18___Theideaisthatonceyouachieveagoal,youwanttocontinuebysettingalargergoalthanthat.Forexample,ifyou'vegainedahighpositionatyourjob.anevenbiggergoalwouldbetobuildyouownbusinessinthatparticularindustry.Workharderandmorewisely.Naturally,ifyou’reworkingtowardsalargergoal.you'llneedtohavemoremotivationandmoreconfidence,andworkevenharder,Buthardworkisn’tallthat'sneeded.___19___Whathelpedyouachievethisgoalinthefirstplace?Whatapproachdidyoutaketomakeallofthishappentoyou?So,makesureyoulookbackandseewhathelpedyougetthere.Ignorecritics.Wheneveryouachievesomething,therewillalwaysbepeoplewhowilltrytodragyoudown.You'regoingtogethatersorpeoplewhodon'tbelieveyou.___20___TakeScolardiforexample.Unlessheshareshisparticularstoryofhowhebecameamillionaire,wedon’treallyknowwhathewentthroughtogetthere.Setbiggergoals.Youcanthusmoveforwardinlife.Positivethinkingisallneededforachievement.Allweknowisthathewasn’tamillionaireandnowheis.Italsopaystoworkmorewiselyandreflectonyourachievements.Itcanpushpeopleaway,whetherthey’refriends,family,orcolleagues.Leavethemaloneasyoursuccesshasnothingtodowithhowtheyarefeeling.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)ThenaturalwildernessoftheAntarcticisunderthreatbecauseoftheincreasingnumberoftourists.TheycometoAntarcticto___21___penguins,sealsandseabirds.Scientistsworrythatthis___22___toseetheAntarcticareawillonly___23___thesituation.Theybelievethatthe___24___intourismcouldincreasetherisktothemarineenvironmentandlandecosystems.Amajor___25___isthatcruiseships（游輪）areincreasinglyvisitingtheareaandiftherewasanaccident,theycouldcausemajor___26___.Forinstance,aNorwegiancruiseshiptouchedgroundonAntarctic’sDeceptionIsland,spillingfuel.___27___,theNorwegianshipwasice-strengthenedanditonlyspilledasmallamountoffuel.Iftheshipweren’t___28___enoughandusedheavyfueloil,itwouldbeverydifficultto___29___andthousandsofmarinelifecouldbecome___30___inoil.AsaresultoftheNorwegian___31___,therehavebeenseveral___32___fordealingwiththeproblem.Oneideaisthatthereshouldbea___33___onshipswhichhavenotbeenspeciallystrengthenedtodealwithsea___34___.Anotheristhatthereshouldbeabuddysystemforlargeshipssothatifonegetsinto___35___,therewouldalwaysbeanothernearby,whichitcould___36___help.Whateverthe___37___,itwouldbedifficulttotakeanyactionbecausetherearenointernationallaws___38___tourismpracticesintheAntarctic.___39___,shipownersdonotseemtobeableto___40___whatsortofchecksandcontrolsareneededintheregion.21.A.huntB.preserveC.trainD.observe22.A.curiosityB.courageC.competenceD.encouragement23.A.displayB.changeC.addressD.worsen24.A.reformB.growthC.faithD.investment25.A.conclusionB.promiseC.concernD.decision26.A.pollutionB.stressC.conflictD.inconvenience27.A.ObviouslyB.GenerallyC.SurprisinglyD.Fortunately28.A.largeB.heavyC.strongD.luxury29.A.cleanupB.giveupC.holdupD.buildup30.A.boiledB.storedC.coatedD.burned31.A.explorationB.accidentC.behaviorD.attitude32.A.explanationsB.suggestionsC.arrangementsD.announcements33.A.banB.claimC.commentD.debate34.A.creaturesB.rocksC.waterD.ice35.A.debtB.shapeC.positionD.trouble36.A.lackforB.callforC.respondtoD.adjustto37.A.benefitsB.purposesC.solutionsD.challenges38.A.allowingB.governingC.requiringD.admitting39.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise40.A.agreeonB.focusonC.tryonD.catchon第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Thereweretwenty-twochildreninWilmaRudolph'sfamily,andshewasthe 41. (twenty)child.Asalittlegirl,Wilmahadmanyillnesses. 42. fact,shespentmostofherearlychildhood 43. (lie)inbed.Whenshewasfouryearsold,shewasdiagnosed(診斷)withadisease 44. canaffectthemuscles.DoctorsaidthatWilmawouldneverwalk.However,Wilma'slarge,caringfamilyhelpedandencouragedher.Everyweek,hermother 45. (take)heronalongtriptoahospitalformedicaltreatment.Sufferingfromthedisease,Wilmaherselfwasdeterminedandnevergaveup.And 46. (final)onedaysheremovedherwheelchairandstartedwalking.Wilmanotonlylearnedtowalk