2023年英語真題及答案

19９５年全國碩士碩士入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SeｃtioｎI(lǐng) StructurｅanｄVocaｂulａｒyPartADirectｉons：Ｂeｎeatheachoｆｔｈefｏllowｉngsenｔenｃes,ｔｈｅｒeaｒefourｃhoicesmaｒked[A],［B］,[C]ａnd[D］.Choosｅtheoｎethａｔbestcｏmpletｅｓthesentence.MａｒｋyｏurａnｓwｅrｏnANSＷＥRSHEET1bybｌackeninｇthｅcorrｅｓpoｎdingｌetterinthｅbｒaｃｋetsｗiｔhapencil．（5pｏints)1. Betwｅe(cuò)n１８97ａnd１919atleast29motｉonpｉcturesｉnwhicｈａrtｉficiaｌbeingｓｗerｅportrａyｅｄ__＿_(dá)__＿＿.［A］ｈadproduced［Ｂ］ｈaveｂｅe(cuò)npｒoduced[Ｃ]wouldhavｅprodｕｃeｄ[D]hadｂeｅnpｒoｄuｃeｄ2. Ｔhereouｇhtｔoｂｅlessanxietyoverthepｅｒcｅivedrisｋofgｅttinｇcanｃｅrthan_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)___inthepubｌiｃmindtodａy．[A］eｘisｔs[B]ｅxisｔ[Ｃ]ｅxｉsting[D]exiｓtｅｄ3． Thepｒofessorcaｎhａrdlyfiｎｄsuｆficiｅntgrｏunds＿＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)__hisarguｍentｉnfaｖoｒoｆthenｅwtｈeory．[A］whichtoｂａｓeoｎ[B]ｏnwhichｔobase[Ｃ]ｔobａseoｎwhich［D］whiｃｈtoｂｅｂasｅdoｎ4. ____＿_(dá)＿_(dá)caｎheｌｐbutbeｆaｓcinatedbythewｏrlｄｉｎtｏｗhｉｃhhｅistaｋｅnbytｈeｓcienceｆiｃtiｏｎ.［A]Everybody[B]Ａnｙbody[C]Soｍebody[D]Noboｄｙ5. Hoｗmanyofus_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)__,sａy,ａmｅe(cuò)tinｇthatisirrelevanttouswouｌdbeintｅrestｅｄiｎｔｈedisｃusｓiｏn?［A]aｔtended[Ｂ]attendinｇ[C]toattenｄ［D]haｖeattendｅd6. Hydrｏgｅnisｔｈeｆｕndamentaｌelemｅｎtoｆtheuniverｓｅ__＿＿＿＿_(dá)_ｉtprovidｅstｈeｂuilｄｉnｇblocｋsｆｒomwｈiｃｈtｈｅotｈerelｅmｅntsaｒｅprｏduced.[Ａ]soｔhａt(yī)[B]butthat[C]ｉnｔhat[Ｄ]pｒovidedｔｈaｔ7.?Ｗeａrｅtａｕghtｔｈaｔａbuｓinｅssleｔterｓｈｏuldｂｅwritｔeｎinafｏrmaｌstyle_＿_(dá)__＿＿＿inapersｏnalｏnｅ．[A]rａt(yī)ｈerｔhan[B]otｈeｒｔhａn[C]betｔerｔhan[D]lesｓthan8.?__＿_(dá)__＿＿isgeｎerａｌｌyaｃcepted，ｅｃonｏmicalgrowtｈisdｅｔerminｅｄbythesmootｈdevelopmｅntofproductiｏｎ.[Ａ]Whaｔ[Ｂ]Tｈat[C]Ｉt[D]Ａs９.?Itｉsｂelievedｔhatｔodａy’spopmｕsiccanseｒvｅasaｃreativeｆｏrce_______＿stimｕlａt(yī)ingtheｔhinkｉnｇｏfiｔslistenｅrｓ.［A］by[B]wiｔh[C]at［Ｄ］oｎ1０. Ｊusｔaｓthesoilisaｐａｒｔoftｈeeａrth,__＿＿_(dá)___tｈｅatmｏsｐhｅre.[A]asitiｓ［B]thesameas［C]ｓoiｓ［D]ａndsｏisPartＢDirecｔｉoｎｓ:Eachｏfthefolｌｏwingsentenｃeｓhasｆouruｎdｅrlineｄpａrtｓmarkeｄ[Ａ],[B],[C],anｄ［D］．ＩｄenｔifythｅpartoftｈesentencetｈatｉsinｃorrｅｃtandｍarkyoｕranｓｗerｏnANＳWERSHEET１byblaｃkeningthecorresｐｏndiｎgletteｒinthebｒacketsｗithapｅncil.(５points)11. Thｅcoｎvｅｎｉｅｎcｅｓthａt(yī)Ａmerｉcaｎｓdeｓｉreeq\ｏ（refｌｅｃtｉng,\s＼ｄo14(A))nｏｔsomuchaeq\ｏ(leisurely，\s\do14(Ｂ))lifesｔｙｌeａsabusｙｌifeｓtｙleiｎｗhｉcｈeveｎｍinutｅｓoｆtiｍeeq＼o(aｒe,\s＼do１4（Ｃ）)ｔooｖaluaｂlｅe(cuò)ｑ\ｏ(tobｅｗasｔｅd,＼s＼ｄo14(Ｄ)).1２． Indｅbating,onemｕsｔcｏｒrｅctｔheeq＼o(opponent’s,\s\do1４(A）)facts，dｅnythｅreleｖaｎcｅofhisｐｒｏoｆ,orｄenyeｑ\o(thａt(yī),\s＼do1４(B))ｅｑ＼o(ｗｈat,\s＼do1４(C))hｅpreｓeｎｔsａｓproof,eq\ｏ(uｎless,\ｓ\do１4(Ｄ))ｒｅlevａnt,iｓsｕfficiｅnｔ.1３． Weareｎoｔｅｑ＼o(consciｏusof,\s＼do１4(A))ｔheextｅnteq\o（ofwｈiｃh，\s\do１4(B))woｒkpｒoｖｉdestｈepsycholoｇｉcalsaｔiｓfaｃtionｅｑ\o(ｔhat，\s＼do１4（C))cａｎmaketｈｅe(cuò)q\o(dｉffeｒencｅ,\s\do１４（D))betweenafｕlｌａndaneｍｐtylife.14． TｈePorｔｕguｅseｅｑ\o（givｅ，＼ｓ＼do1４(A)）agreaｔdealoｆcｒeｄitｔｏeq\o(ｏnｅman,\s＼do14（B))foreｑ\ｏ(havingｐromｏted，\s\do14(C))ｓｅａt(yī)ravel,thatmaneq\o(ｗas,\s\ｄo14（Ｄ))PrinceHｅnｒyｔhenavigａt(yī)or,ｗhｏlｉvedinthe15thｃｅntury.15.?ｅq\o（Aｃcountsof,＼s\do１４(A）)ｓcientｉｆicexpeｒimentｓaregenｅrallycorrecteq\o（for，\s\ｄｏ14(Ｂ))thoｓeｅq＼o(wrｉteaｂｏｕt，\s\ｄo14(Ｃ))sｃｉeｎceａrecareｆuｌｉnｅq\o(cheｃking,\s＼do14（D))tｈｅaccurａcyoftｈeiｒrepoｒｔｓ.16.?ｗhenｅverｗeｅｑ\o（hearｏf，\s＼do１4（A））anａt(yī)ｕｒalｄiｓaｓｔer,eｑ\o(evｅn，\ｓ\do1４(B)）inadisｔantｐaｒｔoftheｗoｒlｄ,wefｅe(cuò)ｌeｑ\o(syｍpathｙ,\s＼do14(C))forthｅpeopｌeeq＼ｏ(ｔoｈaｖeaffected,\s\ｄｏ14(D))．17． Itisperhapsnotaｎexaｇgｅratiｏｎeq\ｏ(tosａy,\s＼do14(A）)thatweshａllsoonbeeq\o(trｕstinｇ，\s\do14(B)）ourheaｌth,weａlthandｈapｐinesstoelementswitｈｅq＼o(wｈom,\s＼do１4(C)）ｖerynamｅstｈegeneｒａｌpｕbｌiceｑ\o(are，＼s\dｏ1４(D））uｎfaｍiliar．18．?Thespeakerclaiｍedthateq\o（ｎoother，\s＼dｏ14(Ａ））moｄｅrnnatｉonｄeｖoteｓeｑ\o(soｓmall,\s\ｄo14(Ｂ）)apｏrｔｉｏnoｆiｔsweａlｔhtopuｂｌicassｉstancｅａndhealtheq\o(tｈan,\s＼dｏ14（C）)ｔheUnｉteｄStatｅｓeｑ\o(doｅs，\s\do14(Ｄ))．1９． Ｔｈeｒearethｏsｅwｈoconｓｉderiｔqｕｅstionaｂｌeｔhａt(yī)thｅsｅｅq\o(defeｎcｅ－ｌｉnkeｄ,＼s\do1４(A）)rｅsｅarchｐrojectswｉlleq＼o(acｃountｆor,\s\dｏ14(B)）aｎiｍprｏvｅmentiｎthestaｎdａrdofliｖinｇor,aｌterｎatｅly,eq\o(ｔodoｍｕch,＼s＼do１4(C）)ｔoｐrｏtecｔoureq\o(ｄimiｎisｈing,\s＼do14(D))reｓｏｕrces.20. Ifinｄividｕalsｅq\o（areawakened，＼s\do14(A）)eq＼ｏ(eachtimｅas,\s＼ｄo14（Ｂ))ｔｈeybegiｎaｄｒｅampｈａseoｆsleep，ｔhｅyarelｉkeｌytobeｃomeiｒrｉｔableｅq\o(eventhough，\s\do1４（Ｃ）)tｈeirtｏｔａｌamouｎtofｓleepeｑ\o(haｓｂeeｎ,\s\do１4(D))sufｆicient.PａrtCＤirecｔioｎs:Ｂｅｎeaｔhｅachoｆthefｏllｏwingｓeｎtenｃeｓ,ｔhｅrｅaｒeｆourchｏicesmaｒked[A］，［B],[C］and[Ｄ]．Chｏｏｓetheoneｔｈａt(yī)beｓtcomｐletesｔｈeseｎtence.MarｋyouｒanｓweroｎA(yù)NSＷEＲSＨEET1byblaｃkenｉngthecoｒｒｅｓpｏnｄｉｎgleｔteｒｉntｈebｒacｋeｔswithapencil.(10poinｔｓ）21. Iｎtｈatcountｒy,gｕｅｓtsteｎdｔｏfｅe(cuò)ltheyarenotｈｉghlｙ＿_(dá)______iftｈeiｎｖitａt(yī)ionｔｏadｉnｎｅrｐartｙiseｘtendedonｌyｔhreeorfourdaｙsｂｅforethepaｒtydaｔe.[A]ａdｍｉreｄ［B］ｒeｇaｒｄed[C]exｐected[D]wｏrｓhipped22. A＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)___ｏfthｅlongrｅpoｒtbythｅbｕdｇetcommitteeｗassｕbmittedtothｅmaｙorforａppｒoval．[Ａ]shoｒｔｈａｎd[Ｂ]ｓｃheme［C]scheｄｕle[D]sketch２３. Ａmaｎhastoｍake_＿＿_(dá)___＿fｏrhisoldagebｙputtiｎgasideeｎoughmonｅｙtoliveonwhenold．[A]sｕｐply［B]ａsｓｕrance[C]prｏvisioｎ[D］ａdjuｓtmｅnt2４. Theneｗlｙ-buｉltScｉencｅBuiｌdingｓeems____＿_(dá)＿＿enouｇhtolastaｈunｄrｅdｙｅａｒs.[A]spaciouｓ[B]sophistｉcaｔed[Ｃ]sｕｂsｔantial[D］sｔｅadｙ2５.?Ｉｔisｗell-ｋnｏwntｈatｔheｒetiｒedｗorkeｒｓｉｎoｕrｃoｕntryaｒｅ_＿_(dá)_＿＿＿_(dá)frｅe(cuò)medicalcaｒｅ.[A]ｅntｉtledｔo［Ｂ]involveｄin[C]assocｉateｄwｉtｈ[D]assigneｄto26．?Ｔｈefaｒmｅrsｗeｒemoｒeanxioｕｓfｏrrainthanｔｈepｅoｐleｉnthecitybｅcausｅtheyhadｍoreat__＿_(dá)___＿.[A]dangeｒ[Ｂ]ｓtaｋｅ[Ｃ］loｓs[D]tｈｒeaｔ27.?Ifeｌt__＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_ｔodｅａt(yī)hbecauseＩcoulｄｍakenoｔhinｇofthｅｃhairman’ssｐｅe(cuò)ch.[A]fatigｕed[B]ｔireｄ[C]exｈaｕsｔｅd［D]boreｄ28． Wheｎtheｅngｉnewouldnｏtｓtart，themｅchanｉcｉnｓpeｃtedａｌltheｐartｓｔofinｄｗhatwasａt(yī)____＿_(dá)__.[A]wroｎg[Ｂ］trｏuble[C]ｆauｌt［D］ｄifficulty2９. Ｙouraｄｖicｅwｏｕldbe_______＿ｖaluaｂleｔohim,wｈoisａｔｐrｅsentaｔｈiswit’senｄ.[Ａ]exｃeedｉnglｙ[B]eｘcessiｖeｌy[C］ｅxtensiｖely[Ｄ]eｘcluｓｉvｅly30. Hｅfaiｌedｔｏcarryoutsｏmｅoftheproｖisiｏnｓofｔｈｅｃｏntrａcｔ,andnｏwhｅｈaｓto＿＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)thｅconseqｕences.[Ａ]ansｗerfor[B]ｒｕｎinｔo[C］ａbiｄebｙ[D］steｐinto3１. Theriveｒisalrｅady_____＿＿_(dá)itｓbanｋsbeｃａuseofexｃｅssｉｖeraｉnｆalｌ;ａndtheｃityisthreaｔeｎedwiｔｈalｉkｅlｙflood.[A]ｐａraｌleｌｔo[Ｂ]leveliｎ[Ｃ]fｌaｔon［D]fｌｕsｈwiｔｈ3２. Peｏple____＿＿＿＿thａt(yī)verｔｉcalｆligｈtｔraｎｓｐortswｏuldｃａrｒymiｌlionｓｏfpａsｓengerｓａｓdotｈeａｉrlｉnersofｔｏｄａy.［Ａ]ｃonｖinceｄ[B]aｎｔiｃipaｔed[C］ｒｅsoｌｖed［D]assｕred3３．?Inspiteｏftｈewｉdeｒaｎgeoｆｒeaｄingmaｔeｒialspeciａllywriｔtenoｒ_＿＿_(dá)_＿＿＿ｆｏrlanguａｇelearniｎgpuｒposes,theｒeisyｅtｎocomprehｅnsiveｓyｓtemａｔicprogramｍefoｒｔherｅadｉｎｇsｋilｌs.[Ａ]adaptｅd[B］acknowledｇｅd［C]aｓsｅmbｌed[Ｄ]ａppointeｄ３４. Tｈemothersaiｄｓhｅｗould＿_(dá)＿_(dá)____hersonwashingthedishesifhｅcoｕldｆiniｓhhisassignmentｂefoｒｅsupｐeｒ．[Ａ]ｌetdown[Ｂ]letａloｎe[C]lｅｔoff[Ｄ]letout35. Wｅsｈｏulｄaｌwaｙskeｅpinｍindthａｔ＿_(dá)______deciｓioｎsofｔeｎleadｔobiｔteｒｒegrets．[A]ｕｒgent[B]haｓty[C]iｎｓtant[Ｄ]ｐｒompt36. Johncompｌaｉnｅdｔｏthebookselleｒthａｔtherｅwerｅsｅvｅralpaｇes____＿_(dá)__inthｅdictｉonary．[A］missｉnｇ[Ｂ]ｌosing[C]dｒopping[Ｄ]leakiｎg37. Intｈepast,mostforestersｈaｖebeｅnｍen，bｕｔtoｄay,thｅｎumｂeroｆwｏmen＿＿＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_thisfielｄiscｌｉmbｉng.[A]enｇaging[B]devoting［C]rｅgistｅｒing[D］pｕｒｓuing38. Ｔhｅsupｅrvisorｄidn’ｔｈaｖetｉmｅsｏfarｔogｏinｔoｉt＿_(dá)____＿_(dá),butｈeｇaveusａnideaaｂouthiｓplan．[A]aｔhaｎd[B]inｔｕrn[C]inｃoncｌusion[D]atlｅngth3９. Theiｒdemaｎdfｏrａｐayraisehａsｎoｔthesliｇhtesｔ＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_＿＿ｏfbｅｉngmet．［Ａ]prospｅct[B]predictｉon［C]proｓpｅｒｉtｙ[D]pｅrmissｉon4０．?It’ｓusuaｌlyｔhecasｅｔhaｔｐeopｌesｅldombehavｅina＿_(dá)______ｗaywheninaｆuriouｓsｔaｔe.[A]stablｅ［B]rａt(yī)ｉｏnal［C]legal[D］creｄiｂleSecｔionII?CｌozｅTestDirｅctions:Foreachｎumｂeｒedblaｎｋinthefｏllｏwingpassage,ｔhereａrefourcｈoｉcesmａｒｋｅｄ[Ａ],[B],[C]aｎd[D].ChoosetheｂｅstonｅanｄmaｒkｙouｒａnsweｒoｎＡNSWＥＲSHＥＥＴ1byblackeｎinｇthecoｒrespｏndinｇlettｅｒinthｅbｒacketswitｈapenciｌ.(1０ｐoｉｎtｓ)Slｅe(cuò)pisdｉviｄediｎtｏperiodsofsｏ-cａllｅｄREMｓleep，charａcterizedbyrａpideyemｏvemｅntsanddreaming,anｄｌｏｎgｅrperｉodsｏfnｏn-REMsleep.EQ\X\BＯ(大41家)ｋindｏｆslｅｅpisatａlｌwelｌ-uｎdｅｒstｏｏd,ｂutREＭsｌeepｉsEQ\X\ＢＯ(大４2家)toservesomｅrｅsｔorativeｆｕncｔｉoｎoftｈebrain.Tｈeｐurpｏseｏfnoｎ-RＥMsleepiｓevｅnmoreＥQ\X\BO(大43家).Tｈenewexｐｅrimｅnｔｓ，suchasｔhoseEＱ\X\BＯ(大44家)foｒthefirｓttｉｍeaｔarecentmeetｉngｏfｔｈeSociｅｔyforＳleepＲeseaｒｃhｉnMiｎneaｐolｉs,sｕggestfascinatingexｐｌanatiｏｎｓEQ＼X\BO(大45家)ofnon-ＲEＭsleｅp.Fｏrexaｍplｅ,ithaｓloｎgbeeｎkｎoｗnthａt(yī)toｔalｓlｅe(cuò)ｐEQ＼X＼BO(大4６家)is１0０perceｎｔfatａｌtoｒａt(yī)s,yeｔ，EQ\Ｘ\BＯ(大4７家)eｘａminａｔiｏnofthedｅadbｏdies，ｔheanimalslookcｏmpletelynoｒmａｌ.AreｓearcｈｅrhaｓnowEQ\Ｘ\BO(大48家)ｔｈemｙｓteryofｗｈytheanimalsｄie．TheratsEQ\X\BO(大49家)ｂacteｒiａlinfｅcｔionsofｔｈebloｏd，ＥQ＼Ｘ\BO(大５0家)ｔｈeiｒimmunesｙｓｔems-－tｈeselｆ-protectinｇｍechanｉｓmaｇainstｄｉseａse--hadcrashｅd．41. ［A]Eｉtｈeｒ［Ｂ］Neｉｔｈer[C]Eaｃh[D]Any42. ［A]inｔeｎｄed［B]requiｒed[C]ａssumed[D］inferred４３. ［Ａ］subｔle[B]ｏｂvｉｏｕs[C］myｓｔeｒioｕs［D]ｄoubtful44.?［A]ｍaintaineｄ[B］descｒibｅd[C］settlｅd[D］affｏｒｄｅd45. [Ａ］inthｅｌｉgｈt[Ｂ]byｖｉrtue[C]ｗiththeexceptiｏn［D]ｆｏｒｔhepurpｏse46.?[Ａ]ｒeduction[B]destrucｔｉon[C]dｅｐrivａｔion[Ｄ]reｓtricｔioｎ47.?［A］upｏn[Ｂ]by［C]throｕgh[D]witｈ48． [A］paidａt(yī)ｔｅntionto[B]cａugｈtｓighｔoｆ[Ｃ]laidｅｍphａsisoｎ［D]ｃastlightｏn49． [Ａ］ｄevelｏp［Ｂ]prｏduｃｅ［Ｃ]ｓtｉmｕlａt(yī)e[D]ｉnｄｕce50．?［A]ｉf[B]asiｆ[C]onｌyｉf[D]ｉfonｌySecｔｉonIII ＲeａｄｉngCｏｍprehensｉonDirections：Eachofthepassaｇesbeｌowｉsfolｌｏwｅdbｙsｏmequeｓtiｏns.Fｏｒeacｈqｕestioｎｔherearefouransweｒsｍarkｅｄ[Ａ],[B],[C］ａnd[D］.Rｅadｔhｅpａssagｅscareｆulｌyａndchooｓeｔhｅbestａnsｗertoeaｃhoｆtｈequｅstions.ＴhｅnmarｋyｏｕrａｎswｅronANSWEＲSＨEＥT1byblackeninｇｔhｅcorrespondiｎgleｔtｅrinｔhｅｂrａｃｋｅtsｗithapencil.(40ｐoints)Teｘt1MｏｎeyspeｎtｏnaｄｖerｔｉsingｉsmoneｙspentａｓwellasaｎｙIknｏｗof.Itsｅｒｖｅsdｉrｅctｌｙtoaｓsistarapiddistributionｏfｇoodsaｔreａｓonablepriｃes,tｈerebyｅstablishｉngafiｒmhｏmeｍarketandsｏｍakingitpossibｌetoprovidｅfｏrexpｏrｔａt(yī)ｃoｍｐetitivｅprices．Ｂydrawingａt(yī)tentiontｏnｅｗidｅasiｔhelｐｓenorｍｏｕslyｔorａｉsestandardｓｏflｉving.Byhｅlpiｎgtoincreaseｄｅmanditenｓuresaｎｉncｒeａｓednｅｅdｆorlａbouｒ，aｎｄistherｅforeaneffectiｖewaytｏfｉghtuｎempｌoｙment.Itlｏwｅrｓthｅcosｔｓoｆmanysｅｒvｉces:withouｔadvertisｅｍenｔsｙourdailynｅｗspａpeｒwｏuldcoｓtfｏurtiｍｅｓａｓmuch,tｈepｒiceofyourteleｖiｓｉoｎliｃensewoｕｌdneedtoｂedouｂledaｎdtravelbyｂuｓortubewouldcost20ｐeｒcｅｎtｍore.Andpｅrhapｓmostimｐｏrtａntoｆall,adveｒｔisingprｏvｉｄｅsaguaｒanteeofrｅasonabｌevaｌｕeintheprｏｄｕctsaｎdseｒvｉceｓyoubuy.Aｐaｒtｆｒｏmthｅfactｔhａt(yī)tｗenｔy-seveｎA(yù)ｃtｓｏfParlｉａｍｅntgoverｎｔhetｅrmsofadvertｉsing，ｎｏregｕlaradverｔiseｒdarepｒomｏteａｐroduｃttｈａt(yī)ｆailstoｌiｖeuptotheprｏmiseoｆhisadｖertｉｓements.Ｈｅmｉgｈｔfｏoｌsｏｍｅｐeoｐｌeforalittlewhilｅｔｈroｕｇｈmｉslｅadinｇａdvｅｒtisinｇ．Ｈeｗｉllnｏｔdosofｏrlong,forｍｅrcifullｙthｅpｕｂｌｉcｈａｓｔhegooｄseｎsenottｏbuｙtheｉnfｅriorarticlemｏrｅthaｎoｎce.Iｆyｏusｅe(cuò)ａnａrｔiclｅcｏnｓisｔentｌyadvｅrtised，itisthesｕｒesｔprｏofIknowtｈattheartiｃｌedoeｓｗｈaｔisclaｉmeｄforit，andthaｔitreprｅｓｅntsgoodvａlue.ＡｄｖeｒtisinｇdoｅsmorefｏｒtheｍａｔeｒiaｌｂenｅfiｔoftheｃommｕｎityｔhananyotheｒfｏrceIcａnthiｎkof.ＴherｅisonepｏｉntIfｅｅlIoughtｔｏtouchon．ReｃeｎtlyIｈｅardａwelｌ-knｏwnｔｅｌeｖisｉｏnpeｒｓonaliｔｙdecｌaretｈaｔheｗａsａgainstadvｅｒtisｉngbecaｕseｉtpeｒsuadeｓｒatherthanｉｎfoｒms.Ｈｅwasdrawiｎgexｃessｉvelｙｆineｄｉstiｎctioｎs.Ｏｆcｏｕrseａdveｒｔisiｎgseekstopersuade.Ifitｓｍesｓａｇeｗeｒeconfineｄmerelytoiｎｆormatｉon--ａndｔhａｔinitseｌfwouldｂediffｉcultiｆnotimposｓibletoacｈｉeve,ｆoreveｎadｅtaｉlｓuｃhaｓｔhechoiceoftheｃolouｒｏfaｓｈiｒｔisｓubtｌypeｒｓuasive－-adveｒtｉsingwｏuldbesoboringtｈaｔnoonｅｗouｌdpaｙaｎyattｅｎｔion.Butpeｒhａｐsｔhaｔｉsｗhaｔthewell-kｎoｗntelevisioｎpｅrｓonalitｙwants.51．?Byｔhｅfirstseｎtenceofthepａsｓａgｅtheaｕthｏrｍeansthaｔ________.[A］hｅisｆaiｒlyfaｍiｌｉarwitｈtheｃoｓtofａdｖerｔisiｎg[Ｂ]eｖｅrybodykｎowswｅllthａt(yī)advertｉsｉｎgismonｅyconsuming［C]advertisｉｎgcoｓtsmoneyｌikeeverytｈinｇelse[D］itiswoｒｔhwhilｅtospendmｏnｅyonadveｒtｉsiｎｇ5２． Ｉntheｐａssage,whｉchoｆthｅfollowinｇｉsNOTincluｄeｄintｈeａdvａntaｇesoｆａdvertisｉnｇ？[A]Securｉnｇgreaterｆame.[B]Pｒovｉｄingmoｒeｊoｂｓ.[C]Eｎｈａnciｎgｌｉvinｇstａnｄａｒds．[D]Rｅｄｕciｎgnｅｗsｐaｐeｒcost．53. Theauthordeeｍｓthａt(yī)ｔｈeｗell-kｎownTVpersonalitｙis________.[A]verypｒecisｅiｎpassingｈｉsjuｄgｍentonadveｒtｉsing［Ｂ］interesteｄｉnnothiｎgｂutｔｈｅｂuyｅrs’ａｔｔentioｎ[C]corrｅctiｎtｅlliｎgthediｆｆｅｒｅncｅbetwｅe(cuò)npeｒsuaｓionaｎdinfoｒmaｔiｏn[D]ｏｂvｉoｕslyｐaｒｔｉａｌｉnhiｓｖiｅｗsonaｄveｒｔising54.?Intheauthｏｒ’sｏpｉnｉｏn,_____＿＿_(dá)．[A]adｖｅｒtisｉｎgcanｓeldombrｉngｍaterｉalbenｅｆｉttomanbypｒｏｖidinginfoｒmaｔioｎ［B]ａdｖｅrｔiｓｉｎginfoｒｍｓpｅｏpleｏfnewｉdeasrａt(yī)hｅｒthanwiｎｓthｅmｏveｒ[C］thｅrｅｉsnoｔｈiｎgwrongwｉthadverｔｉsiｎginpeｒsuａdiｎgtheｂｕyer［Ｄ］thebｕyerisnotinteresｔedingettiｎｇinｆｏrｍationfromanadvｅrｔiseｍｅntText2Therearetwobaｓicwaystｏｓeｅgrowth:oneasaprodｕct，ｔheoｔｈerａsaprocess.Peoplehavｅgenerallyｖieweｄpeｒsoｎalgrｏwｔhａsaｎeｘtｅｒnalreｓuｌtｏｒｐrodｕｃttｈatcａnｅasilyｂｅidｅntifiedandmeａｓured．Thｅwoｒｋerｗhogｅtsapｒomoｔioｎ,ｔheｓtｕdｅｎtwhｏsegradｅsｉmpｒovｅ,theｆoreｉgnｅｒwholeaｒｎsanewlanguage--allｔhｅsearｅe(cuò)xamplｅsofｐeoｐｌewhohavemeａsuｒableｒesultｓtｏｓhｏwｆortheｉｒeffortｓ.Ｂycｏnｔrast,tｈeｐrocessｏfpeｒsonａlgｒoｗthisｍuchｍorediffｉcｕｌttｏdeterminｅ,siｎｃｅbｙdefiｎｉｔioｎiｔisaｊoｕｒneyandnoｔtｈeｓpｅｃifｉcsignpｏstsoｒｌandmarksａloｎgtｈｅwaｙ．Ｔheｐroｃesｓisnotｔheroaditseｌf，ｂutrａｔhｅｒtheａt(yī)tiｔｕdｅsaｎdfｅe(cuò)ｌingspeoplｅｈave,theiｒcautionorcouｒage,astheyencounterｎewexperienｃｅｓandｕnexpectedoｂsｔacleｓ.Inｔhisｐrocesｓ，theｊourneｙneverrｅallyends；tｈｅｒearｅalwaｙsnｅwwaystｏeｘperiencetheｗｏｒld,newｉdeａstotry，newchallengestｏaccｅpｔ.Ｉnordertogｒow，totraveｌnｅwroａｄｓ,peoｐleneedtoｈａveawillinｇｎesstotａkｅrisｋs,toconfｒontthｅunknｏwｎ,andtoａｃcｅｐtthｅpossibilitythａt(yī)theyｍay“fail”atfirst.Howweseeouｒsｅlvesaswetｒyaｎeｗwayofbeingiｓesｓeｎtialtｏoｕｒabiｌｉｔｙtｏgｒow.Dowｅpｅrceiveouｒｓelvesaｓｑｕｉckａndｃurｉous?Ifso,thenwetｅndｔotakｅmorｅchancesandtobemoreopentｏｕnｆamiｌiareｘpeｒiｅnｃes.Dｏｗethinｋwe’ｒeｓｈyandinｄｅcisive?Thｅnouｒsenseoftimidｉｔycanｃausｅｕsｔoｈeｓitatｅ,ｔomoveslowly,andnoｔｔｏｔakeａsｔeｐuntilwｅknoｗthegrｏuｎdissafｅ．Ｄowｅthinkｗｅ’reslｏwｔoadａpｔtochangｅｏrthatｗe’rｅnotｓmａrteｎｏｕghtocｏpeｗithanewchallenge?Ｔhｅnｗearｅliｋeｌytｏtaｋeamｏrepａssiveroleoｒnotｔｒyatall．Theｓefｅｅlingsofｉｎｓｅcurｉtｙandｓelf－doubｔarebothunａvoiｄablｅanｄnecessarｙifwｅａrｅtochaｎｇeaｎdgｒow.Iｆｗｅdonoｔｃonfrｏntaｎdｏvercoｍｅtｈｅsｅｉnteｒnａｌｆｅaｒsandｄoubts,iｆｗｅprotｅｃtourseｌvｅstoｏmｕｃh,ｔhenweceasetｏgｒoｗ.Wｅbecｏmetrappｅｄiｎsidｅasｈellｏfourowｎmaking．55.?Aｐeｒsｏnisｇenerallybelievedtoachｉeveｐｅrsonalｇrｏwｔhwheｎ______＿＿.［A]hｅｈaｓgivenuphｉsｓｍoｋinｇhabiｔ[B］hｅhaｓｍadegrｅaｔeffortsｉnｈiswork［C]heiskｅe(cuò)nonleaninｇａnyｔhingnew[D]hｅhaｓtriｅdｔoｄeterminewhereｈeisｏnhiｓｊoｕrneｙ５6.?Intｈｅauｔｈor’seyeｓ，onｅwhｏviewspｅｒｓonalgｒｏｗｔｈaｓａprocesｓｗouｌd___＿_(dá)___.[A]succeedincｌiｍbinｇupthesociaｌlａdｄer[B]juｄｇehisabiliｔｙtoｇrowｆromhｉsoｗｎａchieｖements[C］facediffｉcultieｓａndtakeupchalｌｅnｇes[D]aiｍhｉgｈａndｒeachhisgoａｌｅachtime57. Whentｈeaｕｔhorsayｓ“aｎｅwwaｙoｆbeｉng”(Line2~３,Paｒa．3)heisrefｅｒrｉnｇto＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)_＿．[Ａ]anewａpprｏachtｏeｘperiｅncingtｈeworld[B］anewwayofｔakｉngriｓks[Ｃ］anｅwmetｈoｄｏfｐerｃｅｉvingourselves[D]anｅｗsysｔemofａｄaｐｔatｉonｔｏchangｅ58. Ｆorpersonaｌgrｏwth,theauthoｒａｄvocaｔｅsalloftheｆoｌｌowｉｎgEXCEPＴ_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá).[Ａ]cuｒiosｉtｙabouｔmｏrechaｎcｅs［B]prｏmpｔnessiｎｓelｆ－adａptatioｎ[Ｃ］open-mindｅｄｎeｓｓtｏｎeｗｅxpｅｒｉeｎces[D]ａvoidaｎceofintｅrｎａlfｅａrsandｄoubtsTexｔ３Ｉnsｕchachａngiｎｇ,cｏmpleｘｓｏcietyfｏrmerlｙsiｍplesolutiｏnstｏiｎformaｔioｎａｌneedｓｂecｏmｅcｏmｐlｉcated.Maｎyoflife’sprｏbｌemswhiｃhwereｓolveｄｂyａskｉngfａmilymemｂers,ｆrｉｅndsorcolleagｕesaｒebeyoｎdｔhｅｃapaｂiｌiｔyoftｈeeｘtenｄedfaｍilytoresoｌｖe.Whｅreｔotｕrnforexpeｒｔinformationａndhowtｏｄeｔｅrminewｈichexpertadvicｅtｏaｃceｐtarｅｑｕｅｓtiｏｎｓfａcingmanypeoｐletodａｙ.Inａdditｉoｎtｏthis,ｔhereｉsthegrowingmｏbilｉtｙofpeoｐｌesiｎceWorldWarII.Ａsfamｉｌiesｍovｅａwaｙfromthｅiｒsｔａblecomｍuniｔy,ｔheirfrｉendsofｍanyyearｓ,thｅirextｅndｅｄｆamｉlyｒelaｔionｓhｉpｓ,ｔheｉnｆormalflｏwofｉnｆormaｔionisｃｕtoff，andｗithitthecｏnfｉdencethatinformationwｉlｌｂeavaiｌabｌｅwheｎnｅｅｄedａndｗiｌlbetrustwｏrtｈｙanｄrｅlｉablｅ.Thｅａｌmostunconsｃiｏusflowofinforｍationaｂoｕtthesiｍplｅstasｐｅctsoflivingcａnbecｕtoff.Thus,tｈingｓoncｅｌｅarｎedｓubｃonscioｕｓlyｔhrougｈtｈecasuaｌcoｍｍunicａt(yī)ionｓofthｅｅｘｔｅndeｄfamiｌyｍｕｓｔbｅcoｎsciｏuｓｌylearned.Addiｎgtosoｃietalｃｈangestodａyisanｅnｏrmoussｔｏckpilｅofｉｎformatｉon．Thｅindividuａlｎｏwhasmorｅinformatiｏｎａvaiｌaｂlｅthaｎａｎyｇeｎeration,ａnｄｔｈｅtaskoffｉndingthａt(yī)ｏneｐｉeceofinformatioｎｒelevaｎｔtｏhｉｓorhｅrspeｃificproblemiscompｌｉcated,ｔｉme-ｃoｎｓumingandｓometimesｅｖenｏvｅrｗhｅlmiｎg.Couｐledwiｔhtｈegrowingquａｎtityofinｆoｒmａt(yī)ionｉｓthedeveｌoｐmentofｔecｈnologiesｗhicheｎａbｌethｅstoｒａｇeanddelｉvｅryofmｏreinforｍationｗithgreateｒｓpeedｔomoｒelocatioｎsｔhanｈａseｖeｒbeenpoｓsiｂｌｅｂefoｒe．Computerｔechnologymakesiｔpossiｂleｔoｓｔoreｖastａmountｓｏfdaｔaｉnmacｈinｅ-reaｄａblｅｆiｌeｓ,andtoｐrogrａｍcｏmputｅrstolｏｃateｓpeciｆicｉnformatiｏｎ.Ｔｅlecｏｍmuｎicatｉonsｄeｖelopmｅｎtｓenａbletheｓｅｎｄｉngoｆｍessagesviatelevｉｓion，radio,andveryshｏｒtly,elｅctrｏnicmａｉltｏｂｏｍｂardpｅoplewitｈmuｌtitudesoｆｍessaｇeｓ.Saｔｅlliｔｅshaveｅｘtendｅｄtｈｅpowerofｃｏmmunicatｉonstｏrepoｒtｅｖentsatthｅinsｔantofoｃｃurrencｅ.Expeｒtisｅcanbeshａrｅdwoｒlｄwidetｈｒougｈteleconferencing,anｄproblemsindispuｔecanbｅsｅttledwitｈｏuｔtｈeparticｉpanｔsｌeavingtheirhomeｓand/orjoｂsｔotｒavｅltoadistantcｏnｆerｅnｃｅsｉｔe.Technolｏgyhａｓfacｉｌitａｔeｄthｅshaｒingofinformaｔionaｎdｔhestoｒageanddeｌiｖｅｒyｏfｉnforｍａt(yī)iｏｎ，thusmａｋinｇmoreinforｍatｉonaｖailabletｏｍoreｐeoｐle．Intｈiｓworｌdofchaｎgeａndcｏmｐlexiｔy,theneedfｏrinformaｔｉｏnisofgreatestｉmportａnce．Tｈoｓeｐeｏpleｗhｏhａｖｅaccuraｔe，reliabｌeup-ｔo-dateinformatiｏntｏsolvｅtheｄａy-to-ｄayproblemｓ,tｈecritｉｃalprobｌemsofｔhｅirbusiｎesｓ,socialaｎdfａmｉlｙｌifｅ,wｉllsurｖiveandsuccｅe(cuò)d.“Knｏwｌｅｄgｅiｓpｏweｒ”mａyweｌlｂethetrueｓtsａyingandaccｅsstoiｎfｏrｍationmaybｅtheｍosｔcrｉｔicalｒequｉｒementoｆalｌｐeoｐle．５9. Theword“it”(Liｎｅ3，Ｐaｒa.2)mostprobablyrｅfeｒsto_____＿＿_(dá).［A]thelacｋoｆstableｃｏmmｕｎities［B]thｅbrｅakdoｗｎofinformaｌiｎfｏrmatiｏｎｃhanｎeｌs[C]theｉncrｅasedｍｏｂilitｙｏffamilies[D]thegrowingnumberofｐeopｌeｍoｖingfｒomplacetoplace6０. Themainｐroblemｐeｏplemａyeｎcｏuntertodayariseｓfroｍthefactｔhat_____＿_(dá)_.[A]ｔhｅyhavetｏlearｎnewthingscoｎscioｕsｌy[B]tｈeyｌａckｔheconfiｄｅｎｃeofsｅcuringｒｅliａbｌeandtruｓｔwｏrthyinfoｒｍation[C]ｔｈeｙｈａｖedifficultyｏbtainｉnｇthenｅｅdedinfｏrmａt(yī)ioｎｒｅａdilｙ[D]ｔｈeycanharｄlycarrｙoｕｔcasuaｌｃommｕnｉcａt(yī)ioｎsｗｉthａnexｔendedfamily6１． Fromｔhepasｓageweｃaninferthat_＿_(dá)____＿.[A]eｌeｃｔrｏnｉｃmailwillsoonpｌayadｏminａntroleintrａnsmｉttingmessagｅｓ［B]itｗiｌlbｅcｏｍemｏｒeｄiｆfiｃｕltforpeopletoｋｅe(cuò)psecreｔsiｎaninfoｒmationｅra[C］peoplewiｌlspendlessｔｉmeｈoldｉngmｅｅtingsｏrcｏｎfeｒencｅs［D]evenｔsｗｉｌlbeｒeportedonthespｏtmainlｙthrｏuｇｈsaｔellites６2. Weｃanleaｒnｆromthelasｔｐaragraphthaｔ__＿＿_(dá)__＿.[Ａ］ｉｔisnecｅssａrｙtoｏｂｔaｉnasmucｈkｎoｗleｄgeaspoｓsiblｅ[B]peoｐlｅsｈｏuｌｄｍａkｅtｈebestｕseofthｅinformatｉonaccessible[C]wesｈouｌｄrｅalizｅｔheimｐortanceofaｃｃumulatingiｎｆormation[D]iｔisoｆviｔａlimportanｃetoaｃｑuireｎeedeｄiｎｆorｍaｔionefficieｎtlyTeｘｔ４Ｐerｓoｎalityｉｓtoalａrgeｅｘtｅｎtinhｅｒenｔ--A-tyｐｅｐaｒentｓusuａllybrｉngabｏｕtA-tｙpeoｆｆｓpｒiｎｇ．Buｔtheeｎvｉrｏnmenｔｍuｓtａlsohaveapｒofｏundeffｅcｔ,sinceifcompetitioｎｉsimportａnttotｈeparｅnts，itislikｅlyｔoｂeｃｏｍｅamajorｆaｃtorｉntｈｅlｉvesoｆtｈｅiｒchiｌdren.OneｐlaceｗｈerecｈiｌdrensoakuｐA-chａraｃtｅristicsｉssｃhool,wｈｉcｈiｓ,byitsverynature,aｈigｈlycompetiｔiveinsｔｉｔｕtiｏn.Tｏoｍanｙschｏｏｌsａdoptthe“winataｌlcｏsts”mｏralstandardandｍｅａｓuｒｅｔｈeｉrsuccessbyｓｐortingachiｅvementｓ．Ｔhecurｒeｎｔｐassiｏｎfｏrｍakｉngchiｌｄrencomｐeteａgaｉnｓttheirｃlasｓmaｔeｓoｒaｇａinｓttheclockpｒｏducesaｔwo-lａyｅｒｓystem,inwhiｃhcｏｍpetitｉvｅA-tyｐｅssｅe(cuò)minsｏｍｅｗaybetterｔhaｎtｈeirＢ-typefeｌlows.Beｉngｔooｋeentowiｎｃanhavedanｇeroｕscｏｎseｑuenceｓ:rｅmemｂeｒｔhatPheidｉppidｅs,thefiｒｓｔmaｒａt(yī)ｈｏnｒｕnｎer,droppeｄdeａｄｓecｏｎdｓafｔersａyｉng:“Ｒejoice,wｅconquer!”Bｙfarｔheworstfｏrmofcomｐetiｔiｏｎinschoolsｉｓthedｉsproportionateeｍｐhasisoｎｅxａminaｔions．Itisaｒaｒescｈooltｈatalｌｏｗｓpuｐｉｌsｔocoｎｃeｎｔrateoｎthosetｈingsthｅｙdowell.Tｈｅmeｒiｔsofcompetiｔionbyexaｍiｎatｉonaresomｅwhaｔqｕestioｎａble，buｔcoｍpeｔitioninthecertａinknowｌedｇeoffaiｌureｉｓｐｏsiｔivｅｌyhａｒmfｕl.Ｏbviouslｙ,iｔiｓｎeiｔhｅrｐracticalnoｒｄｅsｉｒableｔhatallAｙｏunｇstｅｒsｃhangeｉntoB’s.TｈeworｌdneeｄsＡtypｅs,andschoｏlsｈａvｅaｎiｍｐortaｎtdutytｏtrｙtofｉtａchild’spersonaｌｉtｙtohispossibｌefｕtｕreemploymenｔ．Ｉtｉstoｐｍanａgｅｍeｎt.Ifthepreoccuｐａt(yī)ionofschoｏlsｗiｔhacaｄemicworkｗaslessenｅd，moreｔimemｉghｔbespｅntｔｅachｉngchiｌdrensureｒｖalｕes.Perhａｐsｓeｌeｃtionｆorthecaringproｆessｉｏnｓ，esｐeｃｉallｙｍeｄicinｅ,couldｂemaｄelｅｓsbygｏodｇradesincｈemistｒyaｎdｍorｅｂysucｈcｏnsidｅrationsaｓsｅnsitｉｖityａndsympatｈy.ItisｓurｅlｙamistakｅtochoｏsｅourｄocｔｏｒｓexclｕsｉvelyｆromA-ｔｙｐｅｓｔoｃｋ.B’sareimｐortantandｓｈoulｄbeｅncｏｕraged.６3． Ａｃcordingtothｅpａssａge,A－tyｐeiｎｄividualsａreｕｓually___＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_．[A]imｐａｔieｎｔ[Ｂ]ｃonｓｉdeｒate[C]agｇｒｅsｓive［D］aｇrｅｅａｂｌｅ64．?Theaｕｔhorｉsstroｎglyｏppｏsedｔothepracticｅofexａｍiｎatiｏnsatｓchoｏlsbecause_＿＿_(dá)___＿.[A]ｔheｐrｅssｕreistooｇreatｏnｔｈestｕｄentｓ[B]somesｔuｄentsarｅboｕｎdtofail[C]faiｌurｅratｅsａreｔｏohiｇh[D］ｔheresultｓｏfeｘａｎｉmａt(yī)iｏnｓaredｏubtfｕl6５．?Tｈeｓeｌｅｃtiｏnofmedｉcａlｐrｏfeｓsiｏnalｓiｓcuｒrentlybａｓeｄon___＿＿＿＿_(dá).[A]ｃａnｄidaｔeｓ’senｓiｔiviｔy[B]ａｃademicachieｖｅmeｎtｓ[C］coｍpｅｔｉtiｖeｓpｉｒiｔ[D]surervaｌues6６．?Fromｔhepassaｇeweｃandｒawtheconcｌusｉonｔhat＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)___．[A］thｅpｅrsonaliｔyofaｃhildiswelleｓｔablisheｄａt(yī)bｉrｔｈ［B］familyｉnｆluenceｄomｉｎatesｔheshapiｎｇｏfone’schａracｔeriｓｔiｃs[C]thedevｅlopmｅntofone’spersｏnalｉｔyisduetｏｍuｌtipｌｅｆａctors［D]B-ｔypｅcｈarａcteristiｃｓｃanfiｎdnoplaｃeiｎcoｍpetiｔiｖeｓoｃietyＴext5Ｔhａt(yī)ｅｘperｉenceｓiｎfluenｃesuｂsｅqｕeｎtbeｈavｉourisevｉdenceofａｎobviousbｕｔneverthelessｒｅmarｋａbleactivitycallｅｄｒemｅmｂering.Ｌearningcｏuldnｏｔoccurwｉｔｈouttheｆuｎctionpopularlynamedｍemory.Consｔａntｐracticeｈａssuchaneffeｃｔonmemoryaｓtolｅadtoskillfｕlpeｒｆorｍanceonｔhepiaｎｏ,ｔoｒecｉｔaｔioｎofaｐｏem,ａndeｖenｔorｅａdｉnｇandunｄerstａｎdｉｎgｔhｅsewords.So-caｌlｅdinteｌligeｎtbehaviouｒｄemanｄsmｅmory,rememberinｇbeｉngaｐrimａryreqｕirementfｏrreａsoninｇ.Theａｂｉlitｙtｏsolveanｙpｒoblｅｍｏreventorecogｎizｅthatａproblemexistsdependｓonmeｍory.Tｙpicalｌy,tｈｅdeｃｉsiｏnｔocｒossastreetisbａsedoｎremembeｒiｎｇｍanyearｌｉｅrexperiences.Prａcｔicｅ(orrevieｗ)tendsｔoｂuildandmaｉnｔaiｎmemoryｆoｒａｔaskorfｏrａnｙlearnedｍaterial.Ｏveraperiｏdofnoｐracｔicewhatｈaｓbeenlｅarnｅｄtendstｏbefoｒgotteｎ;ａndthｅadａptiveｃｏnseqｕｅnｃｅsｍａynotseemobviｏus.Yet,dramａt(yī)icｉnstanｃesｏfsudｄenforgettiｎgcanbeseentoｂeadaptｉve.Iｎthiｓsenｓe,ｔheａbilitytoforgｅｔｃaｎbeintｅrpretｅdｔohavｅsｕrviｖｅdｔhｒoughapｒocｅssｏfnａt(yī)uraｌsｅlectiｏninanimalｓ.Indeed,ｗhenｏne’smeｍｏｒyofanemoｔiｏnallｙpaiｎfuleｘｐerienｃeleａdtoｓerioｕsａｎxｉety,foｒgettingmaｙproｄucerｅlief.Nevertheless,aｎｅvｏluｔiｏnaryｉntｅrｐretatｉoｎmiｇhｔｍakeiｔｄifficｕlttｏunｄerｓtaｎdｈowthecommｏnlygradualproｃessoｆfoｒｇｅttingｓurvｉvednaturaｌｓeｌeｃtiｏn.Iｎthinkingaboutｔheevｏｌｕtｉonofmemｏryｔogetheｒwiｔhａlｌiｔｓpossｉbｌeａspeｃｔｓ,iｔiｓhelｐfultoconsiｄerwhatwouldhapｐeｎiｆｍeｍorｉｅsｆailedtofaｄe.Forgeｔtinｇｃleaｒlyaｉdsｏrientatioｎintiｍe，siｎceｏｌdｍｅmorieｓwｅａkenａnｄthenewｔｅndtoｓtandｏｕt，ｐｒovidiｎgcｌuesfｏrinfｅrringdｕratｉｏn．Wｉthoｕtforgetｔing，adapｔiveabilityｗouｌdsuffer,forexample,lｅarneｄbｅhaviouｒthaｔmighthavebeencorreｃtａｄeｃadｅaｇoｍaynolonｇｅrbe.Cａｓesarerecordeｄoｆpeoplewｈo(ｂyordinａrysｔａndardｓ)foｒgｏｔsolitｔｌethattheireｖerｙdayａｃｔivitiｅsｗerefulｌofconfｕsioｎ．Ｔhusfｏrgｅttiｎgseemstｏservethatｓｕrｖivaｌoftheiｎdiｖiduaｌandｔｈespｅcｉｅｓ.Anotｈerlｉneｏftｈoughtassumesamｅmorｙstorａgｅsyｓtemoｆlｉmｉｔedcapａcitythａt(yī)ｐroｖidesadaptiveflexｉbilｉtｙｓpecificａlｌythｒｏuｇｈforgｅｔtiｎg.Inthisvieｗ,cｏntｉnualadｊustmentｓaremａdebetwｅe(cuò)nｌｅarｎingorｍemorｙsｔoraｇe(input)andｆorｇｅtting（ｏutput）．Indeed，ｔherｅiseviｄｅnｃethａt(yī)therateatwhiｃhindiｖiｄｕalsｆｏrｇetisdirectｌyrelaｔedｔohowmｕｃｈtｈeyhaveｌearneｄ．Sｕcｈdataｏｆfergrossｓupportｏfcontempｏrａrｙmodelｓofmeｍorythatassuｍｅaｎinpｕt-outｐutbalaｎce.67.?Ｆrｏmtheｅvｏlutionarｙｐoiｎｔofｖiew,________.［A］foｒｇeｔtingｆorlackofpracticetｅndｓtoｂeobｖｉouslｙinａdaptｉve[B］ifａpeｒｓongetsｖｅｒyfｏｒgｅtｆulalloｆasuddenhemｕstbeveｒyａdaptive[Ｃ]theｇradualprocｅsｓofforgeｔtｉｎgisａnindicatioｎofａniｎｄｉvｉdual’sａdaptabiｌiｔy［D]ｓuddenfoｒgｅttinｇmａybrｉngaｂoｕｔadaptｉveconseｑｕencｅs6８. Acｃordｉngtoｔhｅpasｓage,ｉfapersonｎｅｖerforｇoｔ,_______＿.[A]heｗouldsｕｒvivebｅst[B］hｅwouldhaｖeａｌoｔｏftｒouble[C]hisａｂilitytolｅarnｗoulｄbeeｎhａｎced［Ｄ]theevｏlutiｏｎofｍemorｙｗouldstop6９. Froｍtｈeｌastｐａragｒaphｗeknowthaｔ___＿_(dá)_＿_(dá).[A]forgeｔfulnessｉsarｅsponsetolearning[B］thememoryｓtoｒａgesysteｍisaｎeｘａcｔlyｂalancedinput－ｏutputsｙｓtem[C]mｅmorｙisａcompenｓａt(yī)ｉonｆｏｒforgetting[D]tｈecａpａｃｉtyｏfａmemorystｏraｇesｙstemisｌiｍitedｂｅcausｅfｏｒgetｔingｏccurs７0． Iｎｔhisarticle，ｔheauthorｔｒiestoｉｎｔｅｒpretthｅfｕnctioｎof____＿_(dá)_＿.［A］reｍｅｍberｉng[B]forｇettｉnｇ［C]adａpｔｉng[Ｄ]experieｎcingSｅｃtionIV?Eｎｇlish－ＣhiｎｅｓｅTrａnｓｌatiｏｎDirectｉons:ＲeadtｈｅfoｌｌowiｎgpaｓsａｇeｃａrefuｌｌｙａｎｄtｈｅｎtｒaｎslatｅtheｕnｄｅrliｎedｓeｎｔencesintoCｈinesｅ.YourtraｎsｌａｔionmuｓtbewrittｅｎneaｔlyonANＳWEＲＳHEEＴ2.(15ｐｏｉnｔｓ)Thestａｎdardiｚｅｄｅｄuｃａt(yī)ionaｌorpsychologiｃａｌtｅstｓｔhataｒewidelyusedtｏaidinselecting,cｌassifｙing,asｓigning,ｏrproｍotingsｔuｄeｎts,eｍployｅe(cuò)ｓ，anｄmilitａryperｓoｎnｅlhavｅbeｅｎthetargetofｒｅｃｅntattacksinｂｏokｓ，magazｉnes，thedailyprｅss,ａnｄeveｎiｎCongｒｅss.7１)Thetargetiswroｎg,ｆoｒinattackinｇthｅtｅsts，cｒｉtiｃsdiveｒｔatｔｅntiｏnfｒomtｈeｆaultｔhatliesｗｉthiｌl-iｎformeｄorincｏmpetentuｓｅｒs.Thｅteststhｅmselvesarｅmｅrelyｔｏｏls,wiｔhｃｈarａcteｒisｔｉcsｔhａｔcanbemeａsurｅdwithｒｅasｏnable