2023年考研考博-考博英語-中國礦業(yè)大學考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案篇

長風破浪會有時，直掛云帆濟滄海。住在富人區(qū)的她2023年考研考博-考博英語-中國礦業(yè)大學考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.單選題Shewondered（

）shecouldhavetheopportunitytospend（

）here（

）shecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.問題1選項A.if;sometime;sothatB.how;sometime;sothatC.when;sometimes;sothatD.if;sometime;suchthat2.單選題FarmlandinpartsofJapanisnolongersafebecauseofhighlevelsofradiationinthesoil,scientistshavewarned,asthecountrystrugglestorecoverfromtheFukushimaatomicdisaster.Ateamofinternationalresearcherssaidfoodproductionwouldlikelybe"severelyimpaired"bytheelevatedlevelsofcaesium（放射性銫）foundinsoilsamplesacrosseasternFukushimainthewakeofmeltdownsatthetsunami-hitplant.Thestudysuggestsfarminginneighboringareasmayalsosufferbecauseofradiation,althoughlevelsdiscoveredtherewerewithinlegallimits."Fukushimaareaasawholeishighlypolluted,*'especiallytothenorthwestofthenuclearpowerplant,theresearcherssaid.Thestudylookedatcaesium-137,whichhasahalf-lifeof30yearsandthereforeaffectstheenvironmentfordecades.Thelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoilwherericeisgrownofthesumofcaesium-134andcaesium-137,whicharealwaysproducedtogether,is5,000becquerelsperkilograminJapan.‘TheeastFukushimaareaexceededthislimitandsomeneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"thestudysaid."EstimatedandobservedpollutioninthewesternpartsofJapanwerenotasserious,eventhoughsomeareaswerelikelyaffectedtosomeextent,"itadded."Concentrationintheseareasarebelow25becquerelsperkilogram,whichisfarbelowthethresholdforfarming.However,westronglyrecommendeachareatoquicklycarryoutsomesupplementarysoilsamplingsatcitylevelstovalidateourestimates."Thestudysaid‘foodproductionineasternFukushimaareaislikelyseverelyimpairedbythecaesium-137loadsofmorethan2,500becquerelsperkilogram’.ThestudywasledbyTeppeiYasunarioftheUniversitiesSpaceResearchAssociationintheUSstateofMaryland.Heandhisteamuseddailyobservationsin.eachJapaneseareaandcomputer-simulatedparticledispersion,modelsbasedonweatherpatterns.JapanhasbeenonalertfortheimpactofradiationsinceanearthquakeandresultingtsunamistruckthenortheastofthecountryonMarch11,damagingtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant.Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrect?2.Fukushimaatomicdisaster’sdirectcauseis（

）.3.Theradiationdidn’tgointo（

）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichattitudedoestheJapanesehave?問題1選項A.Japanesefarmlandisnolongersafebecauseoftheneighboringfarmlandishighlypolluted.B.Theconcentrationsinsoilofthesumofcaesium.-134andcaesium-137cannotexceed5,000becquerelsperkilogram.C.Miyagi,TochigiandIbarakiareasexceedthelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoil.D.Japaneseconsumersfromaffectedregionsdon’tworryaboutthepotentialhealtheffectsofthefoodatall.問題2選項A.thefallingoftheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplantB.thehurricaneC.thefoodproductionis“severelyimpaired’D.notmentioned問題3選項A.theoceanB.theairC.thecoolingsystemD.thefoodchain問題4選項A.Angry.B.Worried.C.Scared.D.Unconcerned.3.翻譯題Scientistsstudytheworldinwhichwelive.Theydothisbycuriosityandtheycanbecomeexciteduponmakingnoveldiscoveriesandbyfindingmeanstoexplainyetunsolvedquestions.Butscientistsarenormallynotselfish;theyliketosharetheirexcitementwithotherpeople.Theypublishtheirfindingssothatthesebecomewidelyaccessibletoallthoseinterested.Infact,theycommunicatetheirresultsalsointheirowninterest.Scientistsareeagertotalkwithotherscientistsworkingonthesameandsimilarproblems.Byexchangingresultsandideas,theyhaveabetterchanceofsuccessandtheycanreachtheirgoalmorerapidly.Mostoftentheobjectivesoftheirstudy,beingitinthefieldsofphysics,chemistryorbiology,sharethesamepropertiesanywhereintheworld.ThelawsofnaturearethesameinEuropeandinChina.Forthissimplereasonthedialoguebetweenscientistsdoesnotstopatpoliticalborders.Whereverintheworldascientistfindsacolleagueexploringthesameproblem,anexchangeoftheirknowledgecanhelpthemtoadvancetheirstudies.Forthesereasonsinternationalcollaborationbetweenscientistsisflourishing.Thereareagreatmanypeoplewhohaveallthematerialconditionsofhappiness,i.e.healthandasufficientincome,andwho,nevertheless,areprofoundlyunhappy.Insuchcasesitwouldseemasifthefaultmustliewithawrongtheoryastohowtolive.Inonesense,wemaysaythatanytheoryastohowtoliveiswrong.Weimagineourselvesmoredifferentfromtheanimalsthanweare.Animalsliveonimpulse,andarehappyaslongasexternalconditionsarefavorable.Ifyouhaveacat,itwillenjoylifeifithasfoodandwarmthandopportunitiesforanoccasionalnightonthetiles.Yourneedsaremorecomplexthanthoseofyoucat,buttheystillhavetheirbasisininstinct.Incivilizedsocieties,especiallyinEnglish-speakingsocieties,thisistooapttobeforgotten.Peopleproposetothemselvessomeparamountobjective,andrestrainallimpulsesthatdonotministertoit.4.單選題Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesarcathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren;“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread,sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseeksgrasp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（

）.3.TheviewsofRavitcliandEmersononschoolingare（

）.

4.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（

）.問題1選項A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.問題2選項A.undervaluingintellectB.favoringintellectualismC.supportingschoolreformD.suppressingnativeintelligence問題3選項A.identicalB.similarC.complementaryD.opposite問題4選項A.apioneerofeducationreformB.anopponentofintellectualismC.ascholarinfavorofintellectD.anadvocateofregularschooling5.單選題Thegeneralpublicdidn'tcareaboutthetrialandsowas（

）abouttheverdict.問題1選項A.enragedB.apatheticC.suspiciousD.saddened6.單選題A(n)（

）testisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredatschool.問題1選項A.proficiencyB.intelligenceC.psychologyD.speed7.單選題Wehavejustlocateda（

）avenueforthesaleofyourgoods.問題1選項A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.protective8.單選題Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdo（

）andthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.問題1選項A.formallyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.willfully9.單選題Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether,butalmosteveryonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.SusanGoldin-MeadowoftheUniversityofChicago,however,studiesgesturescarefully-andnotoutofidlecuriosity.Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis,andspecificallytofindoutwhethergesturesmightbeusedasanaidtochildren’slearning.Itturnsout,asshetoldtheAAAS,thattheycan.Theexperimentsheconductedinvolvedbalancingequations.Presentedwithanequationof2+3+4=x+4writtenonablackboard,achildisaskedtocalculatethevalueofx.IntheequationsDr.Goldin-Meadowalwaysmadethelastnumberontheleftthesameasthelastontheright;soxwasthesumofthefirsttwonumbers.Commonly,however,childrenwhoarelearningarithmeticwilladdallthreeofthenumbersonthelefttoarriveatthevalueofx.InherpreviousworkDr.Goldin-Meadowhadnotedthatchildrenoftenusespontaneousgestureswhenexplaininghowtheysolvemathematicalpuzzles,sotoseeifthesehand-movementsactuallyhelpachildtothink,oraremerelydescriptive,shedividedagroupofchildrenintotwoandaskedthemtobalanceequations.Onegroupwasaskedtogesturewhiledoingso.Asecondwasaskednotto.Bothgroupswerethengivenalessoninhowtosolveproblemsofthissort.AsDr.Goldin-Meadowsuspected,thefirstgrouplearntmorefromthelessonthanthesecond.Byobservingtheirgesturessherefinedtheexperiment.Often,achildwouldtouchorpointtothefirsttwonumbersontheleftwiththefirsttwofingersofonehand.DrGoldin-Meadowthereforetaughtthisgestureexplicitlytoanothergroupofchildrenor,rather,shetaughtathirdofthem,taughtanotherthirdtopointtothesecondandthirdnumbersthiswayandtoldtheremaindertousenogestures.Whenallweregiventhesamelessonitwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly’stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.Gesturing,therefore,clearlydoeshelpthought.Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.1.WhydoesSusanGoldin-Meadowcarryoutsuchastudy?2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?3.AccordingtoSusan’sstudy,childrenwholeantheleastmaybe（

）.4.Thelastsentenceofthistextprobablymeans（

）.問題1選項A.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeoplecommunicate.B.TotestgesturingonlyhelpspeopletothinkC.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicateandthink.D.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicatenottothink.問題2選項A.Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation.B.Beingone’swriststogetherisanItalianwaytoshowspeechless.C.Everyonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.D.Gesturesaccompanyingspeecharenotstudiestopeople’scontent.問題3選項A.thosewhomakenogesturesB.thosewhogesturecorrectlyC.thosewhogesturewronglyD.thosewhomakenogesturesandgesturewrongly問題4選項A.correctgesturinginsteadofwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning.B.correctgesturingtogetherwithwronggesturingisinspiringinlearningC.nogesturingismoreinspiringinlearningthanwronggesturingD.neithernogesturingnorwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning10.單選題Thenewshippingandreceivingbuildingisa(n)（

）facility,largeenoughtomeetourgrowingneeds.問題1選項A.obsoleteB.meagerC.expansiveD.costly第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法、詞語辨析與原因狀語從句用法。第一個空格后接一個完整句子，不缺少其他成分，因此空格處詞語引導一個從句，加上空格前的wonder可知此處應填if，表示“她想知道是否有機會……”；第二空前spend“花（時間、金錢）”，說明空格處需要填入名詞，sometimes“有時”，為副詞，sometime“一段時間”符合用法；第三空，suchthat連用時such是代詞用法，sothat“所以；因此；以便”可引導結果狀語，本句表示“她想知道是否有機會在這兒呆上一段時間，以便多了解這座城市”。A選項符合題意。2.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:C第4題:B【解析】1.A選項表達太絕對，排除，C選項根據第二段‘someneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"確定是’接近于‘不是’超過‘所以排除，D選項根據最后一段’ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.來自受影響地區(qū)的一些農產品已被停止發(fā)貨，即便是那些不受官方控制的農產品，也沒有得到日本消費者的青睞，他們擔心這些農產品可能對健康造成影響。確定與原文不符，排除，所以B選項正確。2.文章第一段提到Fukushimaatomicdisaster，但是全文并沒有提及原因，所以D選項符合題意。3.根據文章倒數第二段最后一句‘Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.破壞的福島核電站反應堆冷卻系統(tǒng)是把線下和被派往崩潰,導致輻射泄漏,進入空氣,海洋和食物鏈?？芍狝BD選項正確，C選項沒有提及，選擇C。4.通過閱讀全文以及最后一段，可以知道日本人對這個問題是擔心的，所以B選項符合題意。3.【答案】科學家研究我們居住的這個世界。他們受好奇心驅使，當有新發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)現(xiàn)方法來解釋那些未解之謎時他們會變得興奮?？茖W家一般都不自私，他們樂于將喜悅分享給他人。他們將自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)出版，這樣全世界對此有興趣的人都能接觸到。事實上，他們交流結果也是為了自己?？茖W家們渴望與其他研究相同和類似問題的同行交流。通過交換結果和想法，他們成功的機會更大，能更快達到目標。通常他們研究的目標大部分是屬于物理、化學或者生物領域的，這些在世界上任何地方都有相同的特質。歐洲和中國的自然規(guī)律都是一樣的。正是這個原因使得科學家之間的對話不會為政治界限所阻。只要科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)有同行在研究同一個問題，無論在世界何處，交換各自的知識就能幫助對方推進研究。由于這些原因，科學家之間的國際合作蓬勃發(fā)展。很多人具備所有快樂的條件，比如健康以及足夠的收入，但是他們卻并不快樂。就這種情況來說，似乎問題出在生活理論的錯誤上。在某個意義上，我們可以說任何關于生活的理論都是錯誤的。我們和動物的區(qū)別并沒有想象中的大。動物的生活是沖動性的，只要外部條件合適，它們就會很快樂。如果你有一只貓，它只要有東西吃，感到暖和，晚上偶爾有機會出去玩，它就會很快樂。你的需求遠比你的貓的要復雜，但還是以本能為基礎的。在文明社會中，尤其是在講英語的國家，這一點很容易被人遺忘。人們給自己提出一個至高無上的目標，并抑制一切不利于實現(xiàn)這一目標的沖動。4.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:D第4題:B【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“美國家長期望他們的孩子在學校學到什么”。文章第一段第二句提到“甚至我們送孩子去學習知識的學校也不是為了求知”（Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge），可知美國家長送孩子去學校的目的是培養(yǎng)實踐能力，選項C符合題意。2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“從文章中我們可以知美國有過一段怎樣的歷史”。文章第二段第一句話提到“教育作家提出，學校一直處于一個重視實際而輕視才智的社會中”（“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli），選項A“輕視才智”符合題意。3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“Ravitch和Emerson關于學校的觀點……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛默生和其他一些超經驗主義者認為學校和嚴格的書本學習禁錮了學生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可見愛默生是不認可所謂的才智主義；文章第二段提到了Ravitcli關于教育的觀點，他認為學校應該平衡“實踐能力與才智教育”，不能一味重視實踐能力，由此可以看書Ravitcli是重視才智的。由此可以看出，這兩位的觀點是相反的，選項D符合題意。4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據文章可以得知，愛默生可能……”。文章第五段第一句話提到愛默生和其他一些超經驗主義者認為學校和嚴格的書本學習禁錮了學生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可知愛默生是反對才智主義的，選項B符合題意。5.【答案】B【解析】形容詞辨析題。enraged“激怒，暴怒”；apathetic“冷淡的，無興趣的”；suspicious“可疑的，猜疑的”；sadden“悲哀的，可悲的”；根據句意‘公眾不關心審判，也對判決結果（

）?！_定B選項正確。6.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：智力測試是對兒童學習能力的大致評估，尤其是對學校所要求的科目的學習能力。proficiency“熟練度”；intelligence“智力”；ps