2023屆陜西省寶雞市高三上學期高考模擬檢測（一）英語試題（含答案解析）

2023屆陜西省寶雞市高三上學期高考模擬檢測(一)英語試

題

學校:姓名：班級：考號：

一、閱讀理解

4BooksforYourChristmasList

ThesespectacularbookswouldmakefantasticpresentsthisChristmas.

JourneytotheRiverSea

byEvaIbbotson.

IllustratedbyKatieHickey

(MacmillanChildren'sBooks)

Inthischildren'sclassic,traveldeepintotheAmazonjungleinsearchofadventurewith

heroineMala.Celebratingthe20thanniversaryofanaward-winning,best-sellingstorythis

gifteditioncomespackedwithlotsofcolorfulartworkfromillustratorKatieHickey.

LittlePeopleBigDreamsTreasury

byMariaIsabelSanchezVegaraandLisbethKaiser

(FrancesLincolnChildren'sbook)

Inthiswonderfullyillustratedcollectionyoucanexplorethefascinatingtruestoriesof

50brilliantttdreamcrs^^includingactivistslikeGretaThunberg,artistssuchasFridaKahlo,

musicians,scientists,sportinglegendsandwriters.

DaughteroftheDeep

byRickRiordan

(PuffinBooks)

PercyJacksonauthorRickRiordan'slatestbookisathrillingsci-fiadventuresetinan

academyforunderwaterexplorers.Duringthesea-trialsattheendoftheirfirstyear,Anaand

herclassmateswitnessaterribletragedyandsoonbegintouncoverdeep,darksecretsand

age-oldrivalries.

EveryoneSang

byWilliamSieghart.

IllustratedbyEmilySutton

(WalkerBooks)

Ifyoulikepoetry,you'lllovethisillustratedcollection,whichisdividedintofour

sections:PoemstoMakeYouSmile;PoemstoMoveYou;PoemstoGiveYouHope;and

PoemstoCalmandConnectYou.PoetssuchasCarolAnnDuffyandLemnSissayare

included.

1.Whichbooktellstruestoriesaboutsomefamouspeople?

A.JourneytotheRiverSea.

B?LittlePeopleBigDreamsTreasury.

C.DaughteroftheDeep.

D.EvetyoneSang.

2.WhatkindofbookisDaughteroftheDeep?

A.Afolktale.B.Abiography.

C.Asciencefiction.D.Atruestory.

3.WhatisspecialaboutEveryoneSang?

A.ItiswrittenbyEvaIbbotson.

B.Itisintendedforpoetrylovers.

C.Itisoneofthebest-sellinghooks.

D.ItcontainsstoriesaboutLemnSissay.

In2014,1wasinballetclasswhenIgotacallfromthehospitalthatmydadhad

experiencedastroke.Irushedtothehospitaltojoinhim,andfoundhimburiedinanestof

cables,surroundedbyavarietyofmonochromatic,rapidlybeeping（makingashort,loud

sound）assistivemachines.Theyseemedtoformasingle,massiveenclosurearoundhim.

Everyfewmomentshewouldpeerupatoneofthemachineswithwide,confusedeyes.I

becameclearthatmanyofthetechnologiesthatweremeanttobehelpingandsupportinghim

werescaryandinaccessible.Duringthemostdifficultmomentsofhislife,themachines

multipliedhisfear.

IwonderedhowIcouldmakehimfeelreassured,safe,anddignifiedaroundthese

devices.Atthetime,Iwasaprofessionaldancerandchoreographer（編舞者）.Dancers,

performersandtheaterartistsareallmastersatevokingemotions,soIbegantothinkhowI

mightimprovemachinestohelphimfeelempoweredandhopefulratherthanafraid.Mydad

isnowinhisearly70sandfullyrecovered.Buthisstoryledmetostartcombiningmy

passionsfordanceandtechnology.

I'vedancedwithdifferentrobotsallaroundtheworld,ininstallations（就職）andlive

試卷第2頁，共10頁

performances.FmnowaPh.D.candidateinmechanicalengineeringatStanfordUniversity,

whereIworkonmodelsandinterfacesthatallowrobotstolearnnewtasksfromhumans.

Asthenumberofrobotsinsocietycontinuestoincrease,morepeopleneedtobecapable

ofusingthem.Ithinkofothercommonlyusedtechnologieslikelaptopsandphonesand

reflectthatauserlikemydadactivelydirecttherobotwithnaturalhumanmotions.

Ibelievetheintersection(交叉點)betweenroboticsandhumanwillcontinuetoexpand

asrobotsmoveoutofthefactoryandintothepublic.Iamnotsurehowsoonmydadwill

havearobotinhishouse,butIdobelievethatwhenitarrives,itwillbefilledwithdance

knowledge.

4.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sfatherafterhewasinhospital?

A.Helongedtoseehisson.

B.Heknewlittleabouthisillness.

C.Hewascuriousaboutnewmachines.

D.Hewasterrifiedofmedicalequipment.

5.Whatmainlymadetheauthorcombinedanceandtechnology?

A.Hiscareforhisfather.

B.Hispersonalexperiences.

C.Acreativethoughtfordance.

D.Technology'seffectonsociety.

6.Theauthormentionedlaptopsandphonesinparagraph4to

A.accountfortheirwideuseinlife.

B.convincereadersoftheirsignificance.

C.showdevelopmentofthemodemtechnology.

D.predictthecapabilityofpeopleusingrobots.

7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofdancingrobots?

A.Suspicious.B.Optimistic.

C.Pessimistic.D.Uncertain.

Feelingsleepyinthemiddleoftheday?Therearemanyreasonswhywegetsleepyin

theafternoon.Badlighting,apoornight'ssleep,aboringjob,large(carb-heavy)lunches,and

morecanallcontributetohead-bobbingatyourdeskorfallingintoalightsleepduringa

meeting.Thebestcourseofactionwouldbetofindtherootcauseofyoursleepissueandfix

it,butmostofussimplyheadforthecoffeepotorthecafe.Insteadofthat,tryclimbingsome

stairs.

Well,nowexerciseresearchershavediscoveredthatwalkingupanddownlightsofstairs

forabout10minutesactuallygivesyouamoreeffectiveboost(提高)ofenergythandrinking

50milligramsofcaffeinegreedily(theaverageamountofcaffeinefoundinacupofcoffee,

tea,orsoda).

InastudycalledStairwalking,theresearchersenlisted18"physicallyactive^^college

womenbetweentheages18and23.Theparticipantsreportedexperiencingchronicallypoor

sleep,addinguptoanaverageoffewerthan45hoursofshuteyeeachweekinthepastfew

years.Andtheyareoftenalackofavailabletimeduringtheworkdayforadedicatedexercise

session.

Theresearcherschosestairclimbingastheexerciseofchoice.Walkingupanddownthe

stairsrequiresnospecificclothing,traveltime,orevenashowerafterward.Duringthestudy,

onsomedaystheparticipantsalternated(交替)betweentaking50-milligramcaffeinepillsor

aplacebo.Ontheotherdays,theyskippedthecaffeine(realorotherwise)andclimbedupand

downthestairs,atamoderatepace,for10minutes.

Attheconclusionofthestudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatthereismoreresearch

tobedone(whenisn'tthatthecase?)butconcludedthat"Ashortperiodoflow-to-modcrate

intensitystairwalkinghastemporaryenergizingeffectsthatexceedalowdoseofcaffeinefor

activeyoungwomenwithchronicinsufficientsleep.,,

So,thenexttimeyoufindyourselfnoddingoffmid-aftemoon,whynotgivestairsatry?

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?

A.Todescribeaphenomenon.

B.Toexplainreasonsofpoorsleep.

C.Topresentthetopicofstairclimbing.

D.Toremindpeopletodrinklesscoffee.

9.Accordingtothepassage,collegewomen.

A.sufferedfromsleepdisorder

B.wereactiveinphysicalworkout

C.weretoobusytofallsoundsleep

D.volunteeredtoparticipateinthestudy

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skipped"inparagraph4probablymean?

試卷第4頁，共10頁

A.Released.B.Exchanged.

C.Becameaddictedto.D.Missedouton.

11.Whatmessagedoesthetextseemtoconvey?

A.Properstairwalkingcanrefreshpeople.

B.Peopletendtofallasleepinmid-afternoon.

C.Amoderateintakeofcaffeinewillbeharmless.

D.Climbingstairscaneffectivelysolvesleepissue.

YoungmaleAfricanelephantsshowcalmerbehaviorwhenolder,moreexperiencedmale

elephantsarearound,accordingtoanewstudy.Expertssaythediscoverycouldhelpto

protectbothelephantsandhumans.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofExeter,insouth-westEnglandandthecharity

ElephantsforAfricastudiedthebehaviorof281maleelephants(knownasbulls)in

Botswana'sMakgadikgadiPansNationalParkoverthreeyears.Atbetween12and15years

old,bullelephantsleavetheherdwheretheygrowupandthenspendmuchoftheirtime

eitheraloneorwithothermales.Females,incontrast,staywiththeherdtheywereborninto.

Toseeiftherewerepatternsinthewaymalesbehavedafterleavingtheirherd,the

researchersdividedthemintofourgroups:twogroupsofadolescents(aged10-15or16-20

yearsold),andtwogroupsofadults(aged21-25orover26yearsold).Theyfoundthatthe

youngermalesweremorelikelytobeaggressivetowardsnon-elephanttargets,suchasother

animalsandvehicleswhentherewerefewerolderadultbullstomixwith.ConnieAllenfrom

theUniversityofExeter,wholedthestudy,suggeststhismaybebecausetheyoungbullson

theirownarelessexperiencedatidentifyingthreatstotheirsafety.Thatmeanstheyaremore

likelytobecomefearful,whichmakesthemattack.

Allensaidtheresearchrevealedanimportantroleforoldermaleelephantswhohave

oftenbeenthoughtofasnotveryusefulinelephantsociety.Thismistakenbeliefhasled

wildlifeauthoritiestoallowsomehuntingofoldermales,reducingtheirnumbersandtheir

possiblecalminginfluenceonyoungerbulls.Intheareawheretheelephantslive,71%of

peoplesaidtheyfeltthatelephantsthreatentheirsafety.Theresearchsuggeststhathaving

moreoldermalescouldhelpwiththeproblem.

12.Howdobullelephantsdifferfromfemaleelephants?

A.Theyleavetheherd.

B.Theystaywiththeherd.

C.Theybehaveviolently.

D.Theyaremoreindependent.

13.Whydoyoungermaleelephantsattackpeopleorvehicles?

A.Theyprotecttheirherdfromdanger.

B.Theyaretooyoungtorecognizethreats.

C.Theyarefrightenedbynon-elephanttargets.

D.Theyarenotprotectedwellbyolderelephants.

14.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Oldermaleelephantsarelessimportantinelephantsociety.

B.Itisreasonabletoallowsomehuntingofoldermaleelephants.

C.Oldermaleelephantscanhelpreduceelephantattack.

D.People'ssafetyisthreatenedbyoldermaleelephants.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.OldElephantsThreatenPeople'sSafety

B.OldMaleElephantsKeepYoungCalm

C?YoungElephantsAreMoreAggressive

D.BullElephantsTendtoLeavetheHerd

二、七選五

KnowingHowandWhentoSaySorryCanBuildBetterFriendship

Haveyoueverarguedwithafriendandsaidordonesomethingyouregretted?16,

Knowinghowtoapologizecanhelpyoubecomefriendsagainandtounderstandwhyyou

felloutinthefirstplace.

Whydoweargue?

Weargueforallkindsofreasons.Forexample,youmightthinkyourfootballteamis

fantastic,butyourfrienddisagrees,oryoudon'twantsomeonetojoininyourgame.

Sometimes,especiallyifyouareangry,thingscanbecomeoutofcontrol,andyou'llsayordo

somethingyouregret.17.Butit'simportanttoresolveyourdifferencesafterwardsso

badfeelingsdon'tgetworse.Thisiswhereanapologycanhelp.

Whatdoessayingsorrymean?

試卷第6頁，共10頁

Weallmakemistakes,andapologizingisawayofadmittingwe'vegotsomething

wrongandwilltrynottodoitagain.18.Anapologyneedstoshowtheotherperson

thatyouaregenuinelysorry,youacceptresponsibilityforyouractions,andthatyouwant

theirforgiveness.

19?

Sometimesanotherpersonmaypressureyouintotakingtheblamewhenithasnothing

todowithyou.Ifyoufeelthisishappening,trytalkingaboutwhyyouarguedinthefirst

placeandexplainhowitmadeyoufeel.Ifyoustillcan'tagree,youcouldaskaparentor

teachertohelpyouresolvetheproblem.

Doesapologizingalwayswork?

Agenuineapologyisamagicword.Itmaytaketimeforsomeonetounderstandand

forgive.20.Butyoucanfeelgoodabouttryingtofixthingsandpromisingyourselfto

dobetternexttime.

A.Whatifit'snotmyfault

B.Howshouldweapologizetoothers

C.Tryitagainifyoufailtogetothers,forgiveness

D.Evenafteryou'vesaidsorry,youcouldstillfeelbad

E.Arguinganddisagreeingwithothersoccasionallyisnormal

F.Itmaybehardtosaysorry,butifyouwanttomakesomethingbetteryoumusttry

G.Sometimesitcanbehardtoputthingsright,especiallywhenfeelingshavebeenhurt

三、完形填空

Thedaystartedoutasmanyothersbefore.Iwasalwaysinarush,alwaystryingto

21toomuchinaday'stime.Itseemedasthoughthekidswere22

underfoot.

ManytimesIheardthatthesewerethe23days,thatIshouldcherishthe

24.1couldn'tseeit,though.Iwas25bythelonglistofthingstodo.

Awarmmorning,Itookthekidsoutsideandstarted26theflowerbedsas

EmilyandLoganplayednearby.Iwas27tohaveamomenttomyselfwhilethe

kidswereoccupied.

Itwasn9tlongbeforeI28thatthetwoofthemweresittingbeneathasmalltree

inthebackyard,lookingupintothe29andsingingasong.Wehaddubbed（把...稱

為）it“TheEmilyTree“simplybecauseithadbeen30whenEmilywasababy.

Daysand31hadpassed,andEmilyhadgrown32aswell.Shehad

turnedintoabrightandcuriouschildwhowasalwayseagertolearnand33and

helpherlittlebrotherLogandothesame.

34gotthebestofme,andIheadedovertoaskwhytheyweresittingthere,

apprently35tothetinytree.

Loganonly36butEmilytoldmesoftyinhermatter-of-factlittle37,

“Youhavetospendtimewithsomethingifyouwantitto38niceandstrong.,7She

turnedtofinishhersong.

Well,theweedsdidn'tgetpulledthatday.39,1wentintothehouse,gathereda

blanketandapicniclunch,and40mydaughterandsonundertheEmilyTree.

21.A.preventB.repeatC.accomplishD.connect

22.A.oftenB.alwaysC.seldomD.usually

23.A.longestB.noisiestC.worstD.best

24.A.momentsB.daysC.datesD.years

25.A.treatedB.blindedC.examinedD.used

26.A.wateringB.packingC.weedingD.Decorating

27.A.proudB.interestedC.sadD.glad

28.A.realizedB.regrettedC.affectedD.confused

29.A.skyB.birdsC.cloudsD.branches

30.A.placedB.plantedC.producedD.built

31.A.dreamsB.gamesC.monthsD.persons

32.A.slowlyB.quietlyC.suddenlyD.quickly

33.A.exploreB.reduceC.spreadD.worry

34.A.LoveB.CuriosityC.CourageD.Heart

35.A.wavingB.shoutingC.singingD.whispering

36.A.smiledB.satC.playedD.thought

37.A.wayB.voiceC.soundD.sentence

38.A.takeupB.lookupC.setupD.growup

39.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise

40.A.helpedB.receivedC.joinedD.supported

試卷第8頁，共10頁

四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Withauniquecivilization41(date)backover5,000years,Chinahasalways

beenaplaceofspecialfascinationforforeigners.Inthepastdecades,interestintherapidly

developingnation42(grow)quickly.ForeignershavebeencomingtoChinanotjust

fortravel43forstudy,work,investmentorculturalexchanges.Somefindsuccessin

theircareersandactivelymakecontributionstoChina'ssustainabledevelopment.

“Therearelotsofthingsthatwebenefitedfromby44(simple)beingherein

China,“saidJayThornhill,45Australian-Americanwhoco-foundedoneonline

shoppingplatfbnnbasedinShanghai."Whenyoucombineahugewell-educatedand

hardworkingpopulationwiththeabilitytomanufactureandbuildjustaboutanything

that46(exist)intheworld,yougetaveryproductivebusinessenvironment.

HavingforeignersworkingandlivinginChinaachievesmorethanjusteconomic

benefits.Itcanbeaculturalcontribution47buildsabridgeofmutualunderstanding

andfriendshipbetweenindividualsandnations.

InThomhilFseyes,Chinaprovidesawelcomingandaccommodatingenvironmentfor

foreigners48(follow)theirdreams.t4TheChinesepeoplearetolerantoflanguageand

culturalbarriersandusuallyapproachthesedifferenceswithcuriosityratherthan

49(judge),“hesaid.

Inancienttimes,theVenetianmerchantMarcoPolo'sbookfascinatedmany.Today

China'srapidgrowthand50(it)favorableenvironmentandtheexpatriates9exciting

storieshavestimulatedfbreigners,interestinthenation.

五、短文改錯

51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文

中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的的增加、刪除、

或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(口),并在其下面寫上該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（'戊IJ掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。

注意：1.每次錯誤以及修改僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Ioftenwenttothewetlandofmyhometown,thereI

couldseemanydiflerentkindsofanimals,includingwildbirds,fish,snakes,insetsandsoon.

ThatwasaninterestingplaceforIandmyfriendstowatchthebirdsandstudythem.And

thingshavebegintochangeinrecentyears.Smallbirdsarebeingcaughtupwithnets.Wild

ducksarebeingsoldatfoodmarkets.Andevenbad,thewetlandisbeingdestroyed.Some

partsarebeingcoveredwithnewhouse.Youcanseerubbisheverywhere.Thewetlandis

beingpollutedseriouseveryday.Iamveryworriedit.Howcanwedo?

六、開放性作文

52.請你以“ScienceAndTechnologyInfluenceOurLifb”為題，給?？?英語角''欄目寫一

篇英文稿件，內容包括：1.舉例說明科學技術給學校教育和我們生活帶來的新變化;

2.你的感受。

注意：1.短文詞數(shù)不少于100詞。

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

3.文中不能使用真實姓名和學校名稱。

ScienceAndTechnologyInfluenceOurLife

試卷第10頁，共10頁

參考答案:

1.B2.C3.B

【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了圣誕節(jié)清單上的4本書。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LittlePeopleBigDreamsTreasury中“Inthiswonderfullyillustrated

collectionyoucanexplorethefascinatingtruestoriesof50brilliant4tdreamcrs^^includingactivists

likeGretaThunberg,artistssuchasFridaKahlo,musicians,scientists,sportinglegendsand

writers."（在這本插圖精美的合集中，你可以探索50位杰出“夢想家”的迷人真實故事，其中

包括格蕾塔?桑伯格這樣的活動家、弗里達?卡羅這樣的藝術家、音樂家、科學家、體育傳奇

人物和作家。）可知，LittlePeopleBigDreamsTkeas〃號這本書講述了一些名人的真實故事。

故選B項。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DaughteroftheDeep中“PercyJacksonauthorRickRiordan'slatestbookis

athrillingsci-fiadventuresetinanacademyforunderwaterexplorers.Duringthesea-trialsatthe

endoftheirfirstyear,Anaandherclassmateswitnessaterribletragedyandsoonbegintouncover

deep,darksecretsandage-oldrivalries.”（《珀西?杰克遜》的作者里克?萊爾登的最新作品是一

部驚險刺激的科幻冒險小說，故事發(fā)生在一所水下探險者學院。在他們第一年結束的海試中，

安娜和她的同學目睹了一場可怕的悲劇，很快就開始揭露深刻、黑暗的秘密和古老的競爭。）

故可知,DaughteroftheDeep是一本科幻小說。故選C項。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EveryoneSang中“Ifyoulikepoetry,youUllovethisillustratedcollection,

whichisdividedintofoursections.^^（如果你喜歡詩歌，你會愛上這本配有插圖的詩集，它分

為四個部分。）可知，￡忖7。叱5〃監(jiān)這本書是為詩歌愛好者準備的。故選8項。

4.D5.A6.D7.B

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。作者的父親曾經(jīng)生病住院，醫(yī)院里的技術儀器讓父親感到恐懼、

沒有尊嚴，這使得作者開始思考如何將舞蹈與技術結合起來。作者現(xiàn)在是斯坦福大學機械工

程專業(yè)的博士候選人，在那里的工作是研究讓機器人從人類那里學習新任務的模型和界面。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第五句"Ibecameclearthatmanyofthetechnologiesthatweremeant

tobehelpingandsupportinghimwerescaryandinaccessible."（我開始明白，許多應用來幫助和

支持他的技術都是可怕的、不可接近的。）可知，作者的父親在住院后對醫(yī)療設備感到恐懼。

故選D。

答案第1頁，共11頁

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"IwonderedhowIcouldmakehimfeelreassured,safe,and

dignifiedaroundthesedevices.”（我想知道怎樣才能讓他在這些設備周圍感到安心、安全、有

尊嚴。）和第三句"Dancers,performersandtheaterartistsareallmastersatevokingemotions,soI

begantothinkhowImightimprovemachinestohelphimfeelempoweredandhopefulratherthan

afraid."（舞者、表演者和戲劇藝術家都是喚起情感的大師，所以我開始思考如何改進機器，

讓他感到力量和希望，而不是恐懼。）可知，主要是對父親的關心使作者將舞蹈與技術結合

起來。故選A。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句"Asthenumberofrobotsinsocietycontinuestoincrease,

morepeopleneedtobecapableofusingthem.”（隨著社會上機器人的數(shù)量不斷增加，更多的人

需要能夠使用它們。）和第二句中的"reflectthatauserlikemydadactivelydirecttherobotwith

naturalhumanmotions”（反映出像我爸爸這樣的用戶主動地用自然的人體動作指揮機器人）可

知，作者在第4段提到了筆記本電腦和手機來預測人們使用機器人的能力。故選D。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"Iamnotsurehowsoonmydadwillhavearobotinhis

house,butIdobelievethatwhenitarrives,itwillbefilledwithdanceknowledge.”（我不矢口道爸

爸什么時候會在家里有一個機器人，但我相信當它到來的時候，它會充滿舞蹈知識。）可知，

作者對跳舞機器人的未來持樂觀態(tài)度，故選B。

8.C9.A10.D11.A

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中午犯困有許多原因，解決的辦法不是建議喝咖啡，

而是樓梯行走，可以更有效果。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thebestcourseofactionwouldbetofindtherootcauseofyour

sleepissueandfixit,butmostofussimplyheadforthecoflfeepotorthecafe.Insteadofthat,try

climbingsomestairs."（最好的辦法是找至lj你睡眠問題的根本原因并解決它，但我們大多數(shù)人

只是去咖啡壺或咖啡館。而不是那樣，試著爬樓梯。）可知第1段的主要目的是介紹爬樓梯

的主題。故選C項。

9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theparticipantsreportedexperiencingchronicallypoorsleep,

addinguptoanaverageoffewerthan45hoursofshuteyeeachweekinthepastfewyears.”（參

與者報告說，她們長期睡眠不足，在過去幾年中，平均每周睡眠不足45小時。）可知大學女

性患有睡眠障礙。故選A項。

10.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Walkingupanddownthestairsrequiresnospecificclothing,travel

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time,orevenashowerafterward.Duringthestudy,onsomedaystheparticipantsalternated（交替）

betweentaking50-milligramcaffeinepillsoraplacebo.n（上下樓梯不需要特定的衣服、旅行

時間，甚至不需要淋浴。在這項研究中，參與者有時會交替服用50毫克咖啡因藥片或安慰

劑J。）以及劃線詞后文“andclimbedupanddownthestairs,atamoderatepace,for10minutes.”

（并且以適中的速度爬上爬下樓梯，持續(xù)了10分鐘。）可推測前文“Ontheotherdays,they

skippedthecaffeine”（在其他幾天,她們不喝咖啡因），研究者對參與者喝不喝咖啡因進行對

照研究，此處skipped意義為“錯過了”。故選D項。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“So,thenexttimeyoufindyourselfnoddingoffmid-aftemoon,

whynotgivestairsatry?”（所以，下次當你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在中午打盹時，為什么不試試樓梯呢？）

可知這篇文章似乎傳達了正確的樓梯行走可以讓人精神振奮。故選A項。

12.A13.B14.C15.B

【導語】這是一篇說明文。研究表明，當周圍有更年長、更有經(jīng)驗的雄性非洲象時，年輕的

雄性非洲象會表現(xiàn)得更平靜。這對于大象和人類都是有好處的一項研究。

12.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句"Atbetween12and15yearsold,bullelephantsleavethe

herdwheretheygrowupandthenspendmuchoftheirtimeeitheraloneorwithothermales.

Females,incontraststaywiththeherdtheywereborninto.（在12到15歲之間，公象離開它們

成長的象群，然后花大部分時間單獨或與其他公象在一起。相比之下，母象留在它們出生的

地方）“可知，公象長大后會離開象群，而母象則一直和象群在一起。故選A項。

13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句"ConnieAllenfromtheUniversityofExeter,wholedthe

study,suggeststhismaybebecausetheyoungbullsontheirownarelessexperiencedat

identifyingthreatstotheirsafety.Thatmeanstheyaremorelikelytobecomefearful,whichmakes

themattack.（?？巳卮髮W的康妮?艾倫領導了這項研究，她認為，這可能是因為小公象在識

別自身安全威脅方面缺乏經(jīng)驗。這意味著它們更有可能變得恐懼，從而發(fā)動攻擊。）”可知，

小公象不能識別威脅，故而更容易發(fā)起進攻。故選B項。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Thismistakenbeliefhasledwildlifeauthoritiestoallow

somehuntingofoldermales,reducingtheirnumbersandtheirpossiblecalminginfluenceon

youngerbulls.（這種錯誤的觀念導致野生動物管理局允許獵殺年長的公象，減少了它們的數(shù)

量，也減少了它們對年輕公象的鎮(zhèn)定作用。）“可知，年長的公象對年輕公象有鎮(zhèn)定的作用，

因此可以減少年輕公象的攻擊性行為。故選C項。

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15.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段第一句"YoungmaleAfricanelephantsshowcalmer

behaviorwhenolder,moreexperiencedmaleelephantsarearound,accordingtoanewstudy.（一

項新的研究表明，當周圍有更年長、更有經(jīng)驗的雄性非洲象時，年輕的雄性非洲象會表現(xiàn)得

更平靜。戶可知全文主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有年老的雄象的地方，年輕公象表現(xiàn)的更加平靜。

B項“年老的公象使年輕公象保持冷靜?！弊鳛闃祟}能夠概括全文主旨。故選B項。

16.G17.E18.F19.A20.D

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。你和朋友發(fā)生過爭吵嗎？爭吵過后你如何修復你們之間的關系

呢？文章主要介紹了你應該知道的一些關于爭吵和道歉的事情。

16.根據(jù)前句“Haveyoueverarguedwithafriendandsaidordonesomethingyouregretted?（你

是否曾經(jīng)和朋友爭吵過，說過或做過讓你后悔的事情?）”和后句"Knowinghowtoapologize

canhelpyoubecomefriendsagainandtounderstandwhyyoufelloutinthefirstplace.（懂得道歉

可以幫助你們重新成為朋友，也能讓你們明白當初為什么會鬧翻。）“可知，此處為承上啟下

句，與朋友吵過架之后，感情肯定受到傷害。選擇項G“Sometimesitcanbehardtoputthings

right,especiallywhenfeelingshavebeenhurt（有時候很難把事情擺正，尤其是當感情受到傷害

的時候）''符合上下文語境。故選G。

17.根據(jù)后句“Butit'simportanttoresolveyourdifferencesafterwardssobadfeelingsdon'tget

worse”但重要的是事后解決你們的分歧，這樣糟糕的感覺就不會變得更糟。戶可知，前后為

轉折關系，偶爾爭吵是正常的，但要及時解決分歧。選擇項E“Arguinganddisagreeingwith

othersoccasionallyisnormal（偶爾與他人爭吵或有分歧是正常的）“符合上下文語境。故選E。

18.根據(jù)后句“Anapologyneedstoshowtheotherpersonthatyouaregenuinelysorry,youaccept

responsibilityforyouractions,andthatyouwanttheirforgiveness.（道歉需要向對方表明你真的

很抱歉，你愿意為自己的行為承擔責任，你希望他們原諒你。）”可知，道歉很難，但有利于

解決問題。選擇項F€itmaybehardtosaysorry,butifyouwanttomakesomethingbetteryou

musttry（說對不起可能很難，但如果你想做得更好，你必須嘗試戶符合上下文語境。故選F。

19.這里為本段小標題。根據(jù)下文“Sometimesanotherpersonmaypressureyouintotakingthe

blamewhenithasnothingtodowithyou.Ifyoufeelthisishappening,trytalkingaboutwhyyou

arguedinthefirstplaceandexplainhowitmadeyoufeel.Ifyoustillcan'tagree,youcouldaska

parentorleachertohelpyouresolvetheproblem.（有時,另一個人可能會迫使你承擔責任，但

這與你無關。如果你覺得這種情況正在發(fā)生，試著談談你們當初為什么爭吵，并解釋它讓你

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有什么感覺。如果你仍然不能同意，你可以讓父母或老師幫你解決問題。）“可知，本段介紹

不是自己過錯的解決方法。選擇項A“Whatifit'snotmyfault（如果不是我的錯呢）”符合上下

文語境。故選A。

20.根據(jù)前句“Itmaytaketimeforsomeonetounderstandandfbrgive.（一個人理解和原諒可能

需要時間。）“和后句"Butyoucanfeelgoodabouttryingtofixthingsandpromisingyourselftodo

belternexttime.（但是你可以在嘗試解決問題并承諾自己下次做得更好的過程中感覺良好。戶

可知，此處為承上啟下句，感覺很糟的原因是不能獲得理解與原諒。選擇