2023年高考英語全真模擬卷01（原題版）（上海）

備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語全真模擬卷01（上海）

LListeningComprehensionSectionA（第1-10題，每題1分；第11-20題，每題1.5分；共25分）

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper;

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.（略）

1.A.Husbandandwife.B.Guestandhostess

C.Customerandwaitress.D.Bossandemployee.

2.A.WatchtheprogramonTV.B.CalltheTVstation.

C.MeetthemanatthecatexhibitionD.Lookfbrcatswiththeman.

3.A.Borrowthetypewriter.B.Visitthewoman.

C.Gohomesoon.D.Readthewoman'spaper.

4.A.Theman.B.Both.

C.Thewoman.D.Neither.

5.A.Thebookstherearetooexpensive.

B.Shewon'tbeabletogetthebookbeforeclass.

C.Thetextbooksheneedsisn*tinyet

D.Shehopestogetagooddealonsomesecond-handbooks.

6.A.Takethebustotheairport.

B.MeettheBrownsattheairport.

C.MakeaphonecalltotheBrowns.

D.AccompanytheBrownstotheairport

7.A.Thewomanwillhaveatest

B.Themanwillprobablygotothemovie.

C.Themanwillhavetositforanexam.

D.Thewomanwishesshecouldgotoclasswiththeman.

8.A.Theresultshaven'tcomeyet.

B.Theresultswerecheckedagainlastnight.

C.Thewomanneedsanothertesttomorrow.

D.Thedoctorhasn'tcomebackfromthelab.

9.A.Mostneighborsareasnoisyasthewoman.

B.Talkingtotheneighborspolitelymightbethebestway

C.He'dliketoknowwhythewomanisangry

D.Thewomanistoopoliteforherneighbors.

10.A.Heneedstobuyanotherumbrella.

B.Itwillrainmuchlaterintheweek.

C.Itwillprobablyraintomorrow.

D.Theweatherforecastersalmostneveragree.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesseveralandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbe

askedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecide

whichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Theyusedtobeunabletolistentopublicdebates.

B.Theyweremorepatientandsociablethenpeoplenow.

C.Theylearnedfrompoliticalspeeches.

D.Theyusedtothinkintermsofaprintedtext.

12.A.Itmakespeoplegetideasfromimages,notfromwrittenwords.

B.Ithasmadethepubliclessinterestedinpolitics.

C.Thequalityoftelevisionprogramminghasdeclined.

D.PoliticalprogramsonTVaretoocomplex.

13.A.Theenvironmentaleffectsofconsumerism.

B.Howconsumerculturehasmadepeopleunreasonable.

C.Howtelevisionhasaffectedpeople'sthinkingability.

D.Television'sdamagetotheenvironment

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Somechildrenalreadyknowhowtodoit.

B.Somechildrenfinditmoreenjoyablethantheyexpectedto

C.Somechildrenrefusetotakepart.

D.Somechildrenprefertoswimorplaytable-tennis.

15.A.Theyseemgratefulfortheirexperiencehere.

B.Theycomplainiftheycannotphonetheirparents.

C.Theymissmealtimeswiththeirparents.

D.Theyoungestonesfindithardtobeawayfromhome.

16.A.Theyshouldvisittheirchildreninsteadofphoningthem

B.Theyshouldn'tallowtheirchildrentobringphonestocamp.

C.Theydon'tneedtokeeponphoningthecamp.

D.Theyneedtoberemindedtophonetheirchildren.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Fiveyears.B.ThreeyearsC.Fouryears.D.Sixyears

18.A.Thepersonwhohasthestrongwill.

B.Thepersonwhohasattendedtheadultschool.

C.Thepersonwhocanworkatcomputersquicklyafteratwo-daytraining.

D.Thepersonwhocanpassthetestofarithmetic.

19.A.Theman'seducation.

B.Anewchanceforeveryonetobepromoted.

C.Theman'spayraise.

D.Acareerpromotionfortheman.

20.A.Themaniseagertoattendthetraining.

B.Thepersonisnotveryinterestedinthischanceforpromotion.

C.Themanhasbeentrainingforcomputerworksincelastyear.

D.ThemanisnotconfidentinhischancetobepromotedtotheGrade7.

I.GrammarandVocabulary(每題1分；共20分)

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

(2023春?高三上海交大附中?？奸_學考試)

Architectshavelonghadthefeelingthattheplaceweliveincanaffectourthoughts,feelingandbehaviour.

Butnowscientists21(give)thisfeelinganempirical(實證的)basis.Theyarediscoveringhow

____22(design)spacesthatpromotecreativity,keeppeoplefocused,andleadtorelaxation.

Researchesshowaspectsofthephysicalenvironment23influencecreativity.In2012,Joan

Meyers-Levyreportedthattheheightofaroom'sceilingaffectshowpeoplethink.Herresearchindicatesthat

higherceilingsencouragepeopletothinkmorefreely,24(lead)themtomakemoreabstractconnections.

Lowceilings,ontheotherhand,mayinspireamoredetailedoutlook.Besidesceilingheight,the

view25(afford)byabuildingmayinfluenceanoccupant'sabilitytoconcentrate.

26(Use)naturetoimprovefocusofattentionoughttopayoffacademically,anditseemsto,

accordingtoastudy.Studentsinclassroomswithunblockedviewsofatleast50feetoutsidethewindowhadhigher

scoresontestsofvocabulary,languageartsandmathsthanstudents27classroomsprimarilyoverlooked

roadsandparkinglots.

Recentstudyonroomlightingdesignsuggeststhatdimlighthelpspeopleloosenup.28thatistrue

generally,keepingthelightlowduringdinneroratpartiescouldincreaserelaxation.

Sofarpublicbuildings29(focus)onbyscientists.t4Wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudies,sowe

arealmostlookingattheproblemthroughastaw(吸管)，“architectDavidsays."Howdoyoutakeanswerstovery

specificquestionsandmakebroaduseofthem?Thatis30weareallstrugglingwith.”

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

（2022秋?上海浦東高三?？计谥校?/p>

A.stimulatingB.passionateC.capacityD.associatedE.deliberately

F.resoluteG.satisfyingH.sweatI.breedsJ.registersK.subjected

Findyourhappyplace:Howtooutsmart（智勝）stresslfyourealltoofamiliarwiththephysicalsenseofbeing

stressed,itmaybetimetomakesomechanges.Overtime,thiscannegativelyaffectyourbody,leadingtofatigue

andheadaches.Hereareafewwaysthatresearchsuggestscanhelpyoukeepcalmandcarryon.

Workupa___31___.

Whenwe'restressed,thepartofourbrainthat___32___fearlightsuplikeafireworksdisplay.Regular

exercisecanprovidea（n）33releasefbrfrustrationandothernegativefeelings.

Itmayreducestresshormones,anditcantrigger（激發(fā)）yourbodytoreleasefeel-goodchemicalsthatcanhelp

boostyourmood.

Bedecisive

Wefacedozensofchoiceseveryday,andeachoftheminvolvesourmental34andrequiresusto

makeadecision.Itturnsoutthatbeinggoodatmakingdecisionsmaybegoodforourhealtii.Researchshowsthat

decisivepeoplemayhavelowerlevelsofthestresshormonecortisol（皮質(zhì)醇）thanpoordecision-makers.Wantto

bemore___35___?Simplifyyourdecisionsbyfocusingonfacts,soyouunderstandwhat'sreallyatstake.Reframe

problemsasopportunities

Bottlingupyourfeelings___36___anxiety.

Thenexttimeyou'resweatingsomething,pauseandaskyourself:Whatarethepositives?

HowcanIlookatthisasa（n）37____challengeratherthanaproblem?Changingthewayyoulodeata

situationcanhelpyourespondalessstressfulway.

Seeeveryglassasatleasthalffull

Areyouapessimist?.Chancesareyoucanchangeyouroutlookthroughyourexperiences.Thebeststrategyis

to38avoidotherpessimists,andsurroundyourselfwithoptimistswhosepositivevibesareinfectious.'Ifs

alsoimportanttofeelasifyouhaveapurposeeveryday-whetherthatcomesfromyourwork,familyandfriends

oranactivity.Havingsomethingthatyou're____39____about,andachievinggoals40withit,canhelp

manypeoplehaveamoreoptimisticoutlook.

II.ReadingComprehension（41-55題，每題1分；56-70題，每題2分；共45分）

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillin

eachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

（2022秋?上海?高三格致中學?？奸_學考試）

Somepersonalcharacteristicsplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofone'sintelligence.Butpeoplefail

torealizetheimportanceoftrainingthesefactorsinyoungpeople.

Theso-called'non-intelligencefactors?includeone'sfeelings,will,motivation,interestsandhabits.Aftera

30-yearstudy,Americanpsychologists_41—thatthemaincauseofdifferencesinintelligenceisnotintelligence

___42___,butnon-intelligencefactorsincludingthedesiretolearn,willpowerandself-confidence.

___43___peopleallknowthatoneshouldhavedefiniteobjectives,astrongwillandgoodlearninghabits,

quiteanumberofteachersandparentsdon'tpaymuchattentionto____44thesefactors.

Someparentsaregreatlyworriedwhentheirchildrenfailtodowellintheirstudies.Theyblameeithergenetic

factors,orlaziness,buttheynevertakeinto___45___thesenon-intelligencefactors.Atthesametime,some

teachersdon'tinquireintoreasonswhystudentsdo___46___.Theysimplygivethemmorecoursesandexercises,

or47criticizeorlaughatthem.Afterall,thesestudentsloseself-confidence.Someofthemjustfeel

defeatedand48themselvesupashopeless.Othersmaygoastray（墮落）becausetheyaresickoflearning.

Aninvestigationofmorethan1,000middleschoolstudentsinShanghaishowedthat46.5percentofthemwere

_49_oflearning,becauseofexaminations,36.4percentlackedpersistence,initiativeandconsciousnessand10.3

percentweresickoflearning.

Itisclearthatthelackofcultivationofnon-intelligencefactorshasbeenamain___50___tointelligence

developmentinteenagers.Itevencausesanimbalancebetweenphysiologicaland___51___developmentamonga

fewstudents.

Ifwedon'tstartnowto_52_thecultivationofnon-intelligencefactors,itwillnotonlyaffectthe

developmentofthe___53___ofteenagers,butalsoaffectthequalityofawholegeneration.Someexpertshaveput

forward_54_abouthowtocultivatestudents'non-intelligencefactors.Parentsandteachersshould

55understandteenagepsychology.Onthisbasis,theycanhelpthemtopursuetheobjectivesoflearning,

excitingtheirinterestsandtougheningtheirwillpower.

41.A.cameoutB.foundoutC.madeoutD.workedout

42.A.initselfB.byitselfC.itselfD.onitsown

43.A.ThoughB.NeverthelessC.HoweverD.Moreover

44.A.believingB.studyingC.cultivatingD.developing

45.A.effectB.commentC.considerationD.preparations

46.A.poorlyB,properlyC.successfullyD.dependently

47.A.everB.evenC.stillD.more

48.A.putB.getC.handleD.give

49.A.afraidB.aheadC.awareD.ashamed

50.A.difficultyB.questionC,threatD.obstacle

51.A.intelligentB,characteristicC.psychologicalD.physical

52.A.practiseB.regulateC.strengthenD.urge

53.A.intelligenceB.diligenceC.cultivationD.performance

54.A.projectsB.warningsC.suggestionsD.decision

55.A.fullyB.greatlyC.veryD.highly

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccording

totheinfonnationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

(2022秋?上海?高三上海市市西中學?？计谥?

Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious“bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodem

societyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinsandneighbors,andsubstituted

intheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyof

researchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious“isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowa

smallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemost

part,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyour

neighborsyouwillknownooneelse.

Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,the

numberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-town

residentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydeveloping

friendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,

butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikelierto

displaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmaller

communities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.

Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarestrangerstoone

another,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutfor

youngtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity'spopulationsize

anditssocialheterogeneity（多樣性）.Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofa

communityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomore

likelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitan（見多識廣的）outlook,todisplayless

responsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditional

religiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityand

unusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.

56.Accordingtoparagraph1,itwasonceacommonbeliefthatpeopleinmodernsociety.

A.tendedtoacquaintthemselveswithpeoplepassingby

B.usuallyhadmorefriendsthansmall-townresidents

C.boregreatresponsibilitiestoneighborsandrelatives

D.couldnotdevelopverycloserelationshipswithothers

57.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanismisthatthecityresidents.

A.lowerthequalityofrelationships

B.showlittleconcernforstrangers

C.sufferfromthelackoffriendship

D.becomesuspiciousofeachother

58.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis.

A.themorelikelyitistodisplaystress

B.themoreopen-mindedpeopleare

C.themoresimilaritsinterestsare

D.thebetteritsqualityoflifeis

59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Minordifferencesintheinterpersonalrelationsbetweencitiesandtowns

B.Thepositiverolethaturbanismhasbeenplayinginourmodernsociety

C.Advantagesanddisadvantagesoflivinginbigcitiesorsmalltowns

D.Thestrongfeelingofalienationthatcityinhabitantsaresuffering

（B）

（2022秋?上海?高三上海市敬業(yè)中學?？计谥校?/p>

Timehasalwaysbeenofgreatinteresttoscientist...

Theory1:AccordingtoCaltechcosmo/ogisf（宇宙學家）DrSeanCarroll,theflowoftimefrom

pasttofuturemaybethesymptomofourUniversehavingemergedfromanotheruniversethat

existedbeforetheBigBangandthengavebirthtoourown.

Theory2:In1967,twoAmericantheoristscameupwithanequationdescribingthequantum

■

（量子）stateofthewholeUniverse.KnownastheWheeler-DeWittequation,itincludesmany

keyfeaturesoftheuniverse,suchasitssize.Butoneaspectisabsent:time.Sometheorists9

believethisimpliesthattimeonlyexistsinourminds.

Theory3:AccordingtotheoristProfLeeSmolinatthePerimeterInstitute,Canada,the（）

existenceoflifeintheUniverseistheresultofthelawsofphysicsevolvingtotheircurrent

stateoveranunlimitednumberofpreviousuniverses.Iftrue,thismeansthatourveryexistence

isproofthattimedoesexist.

Theory4:In2009,physicistsattheuniversitiesofBristolandCambridgeshowedthatthe（）

passingoftimerevealedby,say,thecoolingofacupoftea,maybeduetoquantumeffect

called'entanglement9.Thisinvolvestheparticles（粒子）intheteaminteractingwiththeirr1

surroundings,beingboundtogetherandbecominghardertodistinguishfromeachother-a■

one-wayprocessthatrequirestheforwardprogressionoftimetooccur.d

Theory5:Darkenergy,themysteriousanti-gravitationalforcethatdrivestheexpansionofthe

Universe,maybelinkedtotheexistenceofthearrowoftime.Lastyear,twocosmologistsat4名）

theYerevanPhysicsInstituteshowedthatdarkenergyleadstothegrowthofentropy,ameasure

ofdisorder,intheUniverse.

60.Allthefivetheoriesimplythat.

A.timeisflexibleB.timeisconstant

C.timedoesgoforthandbackD.timedoesexistinsomeway

61.Whichtheorydoesn'tincludetime?

A.Theory1.B.Theory2.

C.Theory3.D.Theory4.

62.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofdarkenergy?

A.Itleadstotheexistenceofmulti-universities.

B.Itiswhatkeepstheuniverseinorder.

C.Itincreasesinstrengthwithgravity.

D.Itiswhatmakestheuniversegetbigger.

(C)

(2022秋?上海?高三上海市復興高級中學?？计谥?

Weareencounteringreal-worldexamplesofhowAIcanharmhumanrelations.Asdigitalassistantssuchas

AlexaorSiribecomepopular,wearebecomingaccustomedtotalkingtothemasthoughtheywerealive;writingin

thesepageslastyear,JudithShulevitzdescribedhowsomeofusarestartingtotreatthemasfriendsandtherapists.

ShulevitzherselfsayssheconfessesthingstoGoogleAssistantthatshewouldn'ttellherhusband.Ifwegrowmore

comfortabletalkingtoourdevicesaboutoursecrets,whathappenstoourhumanmamagesandfriendships?

Designersandprogrammerstypicallycreatedeviceswhoseresponsesmakeusfeelbetter-butmaynothelpusbe

self-reflectiveorthinkoverpainfultruths.AsAIgoesdeeperintoourlives,wemustfacethepossibilitythatitwill

preventouremotionsanddeephumanconnects.

Besides,wewillfightwithsomeotherchallenges.Theageofdriverlesscars,afterall,isuponus.These

vehiclespromisetosubstantiallyreducetheexhaustionanddistractionthatputhumandriversindanger,thus

preventingaccidents.Butwhatothereffectsmighttheyhaveonpeople?Drivingisaverymodernkindofsocial

interaction,requiringhighlevelsofcooperation.Iworrythatdriverlesscars,bytakingawayfromusanoccasionto

exercisethisability,couldcontributetoitsdecline.

Notonlywillthesevehiclesbeprogrammedtotakeoverdrivingdutiesandhencetoremovefromhumansthe

powertomakemoraljudgments(forexample,aboutwhichpedestriantohitwhenacrashisinevitable),theywill

alsoaffecthumanswithwhomthey'vehadnodirectcontact.Forinstance,driverswhohavesteeredawhile

alongsideanautonomousvehicletravelingatasteady,invariantspeedmightdrivelessattentively,thusincreasing

theirlikelihoodofaccidentsoncethey'vemovedtoapartofthehighwayoccupiedonlybyhumandrivers.

Alternatively,experiencemayrevealthatdrivingalongsideautonomousvehiclestravellinginperfectaccordance

withtrafficlawsactuallyimproveshumanperformance.

Eitherway,weshouldbecarefultolaunchnewformsofAIwithoutfirsttakingsuchsocialspillovers-or

externalities,asthey'reoftencalled-intoaccount.Wemustapplythesameeffortthatweapplytothehardware

andsoftwarethatmakeself-drivingcarspossibletomanagingAl'spotentialeffectsonthoseoutsidethecar.After

all,weinstallbrakelightsonthebackofyourcarnotjust,orevenprimarily,foryourbenefit,butforthesakeof

thepeoplebehindyou.

63.Whatcanbeinferredabouthumanrelationshipsfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Wewillfeelcomfortablespeakingtoothersonline.

B.AIwillleadtoshallowinter-personalrelationships.

C.AIwillenablepeopletocommunicatemorewithothers.

D.Wewillbemoreself-reflectiveininteractionthankstoAI.

64.Inparagraph2,thephrase“itsdecline,,referstothedeclinein.

A.drivers1interactionwiththecars

B.drivers9exhaustionanddistraction

C.ourabilitytocooperatewithotherswhiledriving

D.ourabilitytodealwithemergencieswhiledriving

65.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofdriverlesscars?

A.Theymaybebetteratmakingmorejudgmentsthanhumandrivers.

B.Theyneedtovarytheirspeedtomakecontactwithhumandrivers.

C.Theymaymakehumandriversinothercarsdrivemoresafely.

D.Theyneedtoforcehumandriverstoconcentrateinthecar.

66.Whichofthefollowingisthewritermostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Brakelightsonthebackofourcarareinstalledmainlytowarnusofdanger.

B.Weshouldfigureouthownewtechnologyaffectspeoplebeforedevelopingit.

C.Itishardtosaywhysocialspilloverswillworkintermsofself-drivingcars.

D.Moreeffortshouldbemadetoadvancethehardwareandsoftwareofdriverlesscars.

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

(2022秋?上海?高三南模中學校考期中)

Discoverhowtradeunionshaveshapedthewaypeoplework.

Ifyouaretravellingbytrainthissummeryoumayfindthisjourneyisaffectedbythenationalrailstrike.

67Thisyearlotsofworkersaretakingstrikeactionandaskingforbetterpay.Teachers,forexample,

arethinkingaboutwhethertogoonstrikeintheautumn.Strikesareusuallyorganizedbytradeunions.Readonto

findoutwhattradeunionsareandhowtheyhaveshapedthewaypeoplework.

Whatisatradeunion?

Itisanorganizationthatlooksaftertherightsofpeoplewhoworkinthesameindustry,doaspecificjobor

workatthesamecompany.TheNationalUnionofRail,MaritimeandTransportWorkers(RMT)represents80,000

transportworkers,andtheNationalEducationUnionhasmorethan460,000memberswhoworkinteaching.Trade

unionsgivetheirmembersastrong,groupvoiceandsupportwhendealingwiththecompaniestheyworkfor.

68.Therearetradeunionsforlotsofprofessionsincludingactors,doctors,farmers,journalists,nurses

andteachers.

Howdidtradeunionsstartandgrow?

Workershavebeenorganizingthemselvesintounionsforhundredsofyears.DuringtheIndustrialRevolution

(1760-1840),whenlotsofpeopleleftthecountrysidetoworkinfactoriesinharshconditions,workersbegan

pressingtheiremployersforbetterpayandsafetyrules.In1871,theTradeUnionAct,whichmadeitlegaltoform

tradeunions,waspassed.Sincethen,tradeunionshavemadeabigdifferencetothewaypeoplework,helpingto

setaminimumwage,makingitillegalforchildrentowork,andmakingsureworkerscanhaveholidays.

Howdotradeunionsachievetheiraims?

69Iftheycan'tagree,thenunionmemberscanvotetotakeaction,whichcouldincludegoingon

strike.AgroupofwomenwhomadecarseatcoversinDagenham,Esses,wentonstrikein1968becausetheywere

beingpaidlessthanmenfordoingasimilarjob.Itlastedfourweeksandthefactoryhadtostopmakingcars

becauseno-oneelsecouldmaketheseats.Eventually,thewomengotmoremoney.

Doeseveryoneagreewithstrikeaction?

No.Strikescanseriouslydisruptdailylife.Arailstrikestopspeoplegettingtoschoolandworkandateacher

strikecouldcloseschools.Thisyear'snationalrailstrikeisthebiggestintheUKfor30years,andthenextstrike

day(27July)isduejustbeforetheCommonwealthGamesstartsinBirmingham,England.TheGovernmentsays

thiswillharmtheeventbutMickLynchoftheRMTsaysthepublicsupportthestrike.70Greta

Thunberg'sSchoolStrikeforClimate,forexample,whensheprotestedeveryFridayinsteadofgoingtoschool,

grewintoaninternationalmovement.

A.Goingonstrikeshasbadlyaffectedthepeople'sdailylife.

B.Unionshelpmakesureworkersarepaidfairlyandworkinsafeconditions.

C.Thismeansmanytrainscouldbedelayedorcancelledasrailworkersgoonstrike.

D.IntheUK,unionstalktoemployerstoagreefairwagesandsafeworkingconditions.

E.Goingonstrikeispowerfulb