山東省德州市規(guī)范化學(xué)校中學(xué)高一英語期末試卷含解析

山東省德州市規(guī)范化學(xué)校中學(xué)高一英語期末試卷含解析一、選擇題1.---Sorry,butIdon’tquiteunderstandthatphrase.---OK,Iwillmakeanothersentenceto_______itsmeaning.A.bringaboutB.bringupC.bringoutD.bringin參考答案：C略2.Astheywerewalkingaround,theynoticedaman_______againstatree.A.sit B.tosit C.sitting D.sat參考答案：C3.LiuyangNo1HighSchool,______hasahistoryofmorethan80years,isafamousschoolinHunanProvince.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.it參考答案：A4.--MrsSmithissoniceagoodteacherthatwewillrememberherforever.--Yes.She____giveushelpwheneverwewereintrouble.

A.must

B.might

C.could

D.would參考答案：D5.You’dbettercutyourhairshort.Ourschooldoesnot_____longhair.A.approveofstudentswore B.approvestudentstowearC.approveofstudentstowear

D.approveofstudentswearing參考答案：D6.AnAsiannormallydoesnotopenagiftinthepresenceofthegiver,______anAmericantendstoopenitimmediatelywhenhegetsit.A.since

B.while

C.when

D.as

參考答案：B7.Withsomanythings______,Ican’tgoonholidaywithyou.A.dealtwith

B.todealwith

C.dealingwith

D.dealwith參考答案：B8.—Canthose____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?A.seat

B.

sitting

C.seating

D.sat參考答案：B略9.I

basketballalotinmysparetime,butnowIaminterestedinfootball.A．usedtoplay

B．usedtoplaying

C．wasusedtoplay

D．wasusedtoplaying參考答案：A10.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,____visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck

A.was

Bwere

Chadbeen

D.wouldbe參考答案：A略11.Thecityhassetastrict______onthenumberoflicensesitwillissueforprivatecarsnextyear.A.strength

B.limit

C.length D.distance參考答案：B12.Iwouldappreciate________ifhecouldpickmeupatthecorner.A．it

B．one

C．that D．this參考答案：A解析考查固定句式。句意：如果他在拐角處順便把我接走的話，我將不勝感激。此處句式為wouldappreciateitif如果……的話不勝感激。13..Clairehadherluggage________anhourbeforetheplaneleft. A.check

B.checking

C.tocheck

D.checked參考答案：D14.Hesmiledpolitely____________Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.A.as

B.if

C.unless

D.though參考答案：A15.WhenIwasinkindergarten,Iwasoften_____bymyteacherstobepolitetotheadults.A.reminded

B.forgiven

C.allowed

D.impressed參考答案：A略16.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_______onehundred,butonlyasmallnumberofpeople____come.A.are;have

B.is;has

C.are;has

D.is;have參考答案：D二、完型填空17.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple___26___.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe___27___dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult___28___situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural___29___,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereallyvital___30___.Dunbar___31___thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively.Instead,hesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—___32___,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe___33___ofthehigherprimates（靈長類動(dòng)物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor___34___fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar___35___thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe___36___itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto___37___thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe___38___tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore___39___kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有聲的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one___40___contact.26.A.claim B.description C.gossip D.language27.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally28.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural29.A.admirers B.masters C.users D.wasters30.A.issues B.problems C.facts D.headlines31.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens32.A.forinstance B.inaddition C.onthecontrary D.asaresult33.A.motivation B.appearance C.emotion D.behaviour34.A.attack B.contact C.respect D.assistance35.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.admits36.A.prospect B.responsibility C.leadership D.protection37.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.reduce38.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gained39.A.common B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful40.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secret參考答案：26.C

27.B

28.A

29.D

30.A

31.B

32.C

33.D

34.A

35.C

36.D

37.D

38.B

39.B

40.C【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了心理學(xué)家RobinDunbar通過研究靈長類的行為得出結(jié)論——語言的進(jìn)化是專門為了讓我們閑聊的。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.claim斷言；B.description描述；C.gossip閑聊；D.language語言。根據(jù)本空前的“Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple”可知，研究表明，人類三分之二的談話不是關(guān)于當(dāng)今文化或政治問題的討論，也不是關(guān)于剛剛看完的電影或讀完的書的激烈辯論，而是簡單的閑聊，下文中的“gossip”也是提示，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。A.occasionally偶爾；B.habitually習(xí)慣地、日常地；C.independently獨(dú)立地；D.originally最初。根據(jù)本空后的“dowithit?Wegossip.”可知，語言是我們的財(cái)富，我們習(xí)慣上用它做什么？我們閑聊，故B項(xiàng)正確。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.social社交的；B.political政治的；C.historical歷史的；D.cultural文化的。根據(jù)本空后的“situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.”可知，此處指如何處理涉及到孩子、愛人以及同事等困難的社交情況，故A項(xiàng)正確。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.admirers崇拜者；B.masters大師；C.users使用者；D.wasters揮霍者。根據(jù)上句的熱衷于閑聊及本空后的“ofbothtimeandwords?”可知，我們是天生的時(shí)間和語言的揮霍者么？故D項(xiàng)正確。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.issues問題、議題；B.problems問題、難題；C.facts

事實(shí)；D.headlines標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本空前的“thereallyimportantissuesoflife”可知，心理學(xué)家RobinDunbar在他的新書中說閑聊是其中一個(gè)非常重要的問題，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.confirms確認(rèn)；B.rejects反對(duì)、抵制；C.outlines概述；D.broadens擴(kuò)大。根據(jù)本空后的“thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively.”可知，Dunbar反對(duì)語言是男人是在社會(huì)發(fā)展的早期為了更有效地組織狩獵活動(dòng)而發(fā)展的，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。A.forinstance例如；

B.inaddition另外；

C.onthecontrary相反、反之；D.asaresult結(jié)果。根據(jù)本空后“hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.”可知，我們不是因?yàn)闀?huì)說話就花三分之二的時(shí)間閑聊，相反，語言的進(jìn)化是專門為了讓我們閑聊的，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.motivation動(dòng)機(jī)；

B.appearance外表；C.emotion情感；D.behaviour行為。根據(jù)本空后的內(nèi)容可知，Dunbar是通過研究高級(jí)靈長類動(dòng)物的行為而得出這個(gè)結(jié)論的，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.attack攻擊；B.contact接觸、聯(lián)系；C.respect尊重；D.assistance幫助。根據(jù)本空前的“monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor”可知，猴子與其他個(gè)體組成群體，當(dāng)群體內(nèi)部發(fā)生沖突或受到外部攻擊時(shí)，它們可以依靠這些個(gè)體獲得支持，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.recalls回憶；B.denies否認(rèn)；C.concludes得出結(jié)論、推斷；D.admits承認(rèn)。根據(jù)本空后的“thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.”可知，Dunbar從猴子的這一行為得出結(jié)論——在人類的歷史上，我們也做過同樣的事情，故C項(xiàng)正確。36題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。A.prospect預(yù)期

；B.responsibility責(zé)任；C.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力；D.protection保護(hù)。根據(jù)本空前的“Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,”可知，群體規(guī)模越大，提供的保護(hù)就越大，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.measure衡量；B.show展示；C.maintain保持；D.reduce減少。根據(jù)本空后的“thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.”可知，梳理有助于減少壓力和變得冷靜，故D項(xiàng)正確。【38題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.saved挽救；B.extended延伸、擴(kuò)大；C.consumed

消耗；D.gained贏得。根據(jù)本空前的“Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe”可知，隨著群體的規(guī)模變得越來越大，花在梳理活動(dòng)上的時(shí)間也不斷延長以保持其有效性，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.common常見的；B.efficient有效的；C.scientific科學(xué)的；D.thoughtful體貼的。根據(jù)本空后的“kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有聲的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one___15___contact.”可知，需要一種更有效的梳理，因此，語言進(jìn)化為一種發(fā)聲法，通過在更廣的個(gè)體網(wǎng)絡(luò)上交換信息，人類可以發(fā)展與更大群體的關(guān)系，而不是一對(duì)一的身體接觸，故B項(xiàng)正確。【40題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.indirect間接的；B.daily日常的；

C.physical身體的；D.secret秘密的。根據(jù)上文語境可知，語言進(jìn)化為一種發(fā)聲法，通過在更廣的個(gè)體網(wǎng)絡(luò)上交換信息，人類可以發(fā)展與更大群體的關(guān)系，而不是一對(duì)一的身體接觸，故C項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】本篇第8題難度較大，抓住空后所舉事例是關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)“Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit”可知，科學(xué)家是通過研究猴子梳理皮毛來進(jìn)行研究的，而梳理皮毛屬于猴子的一種行為，故本空選behaviour。三、閱讀理解18.

Cantreestalk?Yes,butnotinwords.Scientistshavereasontobelievethattreesdocommunicate(交際)witheachother.Notlongago,researcherslearnedsomesurprisingthings.Firstawillowtreeattackedinthewoodsbycaterpillars(毛蟲)changedthechemistryofitsleavesandmadethemtastesoterriblethattheygottiredoftheleavesandstoppedeatingthem.Thenevenmoreastonishing,thetreesentoutaspecialsmell---asignal(信號(hào))causingitsneighborstochangethechemistryoftheirownleavesandmakethemlesstasty.Communication,ofcourse,doesn’tneedtobeinwords.Wecantalktoeachotherbysmiling,raisingourshouldersandmovingourhands.Weknowthatbirdsandanimalsuseawholevocabularyofsongs,sounds,andmovements.Beesdancetheirsignals,flyingincertainpatternsthattellotherbeeswheretofindnectar（花蜜）forhoney.Sowhyshouldn’ttreeshavewaysofsendingmessage?

66.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatcaterpillarsdonotfeedonleavesthat______.

A.arelyingontheground

B.haveanunpleasanttaste

C.beesdon’tlike

D.haveanunfamiliarshape67.Thewillowtreedescribedinthepassageprotecteditselfby______.

A.growingmorebranches

B.communicatingwithbirdsandbees

C.changingitsleafchemistry

D.shakingcaterpillarsoff68.Accordingtothepassage,thewillowtreewasabletocommunicatewithothertreesby______.

A.wavingitsbranches

B.givingoffaspecialsmell

C.droppingitsleaves

D.changingthecolourofitstrunk69.Accordingtothispassage,beescommunicateby______.

A.makingspecialmovement

B.touchingoneanother

C.smellingoneanother

D.makingunusualsound70.Theauthorbelievesthattheincidentdescribedinthepassage______.

A.cannotbetakenseriously

B.shouldnolongerbepermitted

C.mustbecheckedmorethoroughly

D.seemscompletelyreasonable參考答案：BCBAD19.TheUnitedStatesisfullofcars.Therearestillmanyfamilieswithoutcars,butsomefamilieshavetwoormore.However,carsareusedformorethanpleasure.Theyareanecessarypartoflife.Carsareusedforbusiness.Theyaredriventoofficesandfactoriesbyworkerswhohavenootherwaytogettotheirjobs.Whensalesmenaresenttodifferentpartsofthecity,theyhavetodriveinordertocarrytheirproducts.Farmershavetodriveintothecityinordertogetsupplies.Sometimessmallchildrenmustbedriventoschool.Insomecitiesschoolbusesareusedonlywhenchildrenlivemorethanamileawayfromtheschool.Whenthechildrenaretooyoungtowalktoofar,theirmotherstaketurnsdrivingthemtoschool.OnemotherdrivesonMondaystakingherownchildrenandtheneighbors'aswell.AnothermotherdrivesonTuesdays,anotheronWednesday,andsoon.Thisiscalledformingacarpool.Menalsoformcarpools,withthreeorfourmentakingturnsdrivingtotheplacewheretheyal