RTK-技術(shù)在地形測量中的應(yīng)用研究

RTK技術(shù)在地形測量中的應(yīng)用研究摘要：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)不斷的發(fā)展，GPS技術(shù)也在不斷的發(fā)展，目前GPS已經(jīng)成為集衛(wèi)星技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、計算機(jī)技術(shù)和天文觀測技術(shù)為一體的高端技術(shù).GPS技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，在一定程度上促進(jìn)了測繪技術(shù)發(fā)展，尤其是在定位和測量上.RTK技術(shù)作為GPS技術(shù)重要組成部分，其對地形測量有一定優(yōu)勢，其不僅能提高測量效率，同時也能提高測量精度，從而使地形測量工作有序進(jìn)行.本文主要從RTK技術(shù)概況及原理、RTK技術(shù)地形測量過程中應(yīng)該注意的問題、RTK技術(shù)在地形測量中的應(yīng)用等方面出發(fā)，對RTK技術(shù)在地形測量中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行相應(yīng)研究.RTK技術(shù)作為GPS系統(tǒng)中重要定方式，其在地形測量中有重要作用.RTK技術(shù)不僅能控制測量、提高工作效率，同時也能以全站儀坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行放樣，也能進(jìn)行高精度定位.而要想將RTK技術(shù)更好的應(yīng)用在地形測量中，仍需要對RTK技術(shù)技術(shù)概況、原理、應(yīng)用應(yīng)該注意的問題和實際應(yīng)用進(jìn)行具體分析，以便為地形測量工作創(chuàng)造更多有利條件.如何更好的將RTK技術(shù)更好應(yīng)用在地形測量中，已經(jīng)成為相關(guān)部門值得思索的事情.1 RTK技術(shù)概況及原理1.1RTK技術(shù)概況RTK技術(shù)事實上就是動態(tài)測量技術(shù)，其在實際測量中將相位測量與數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術(shù)結(jié)合在一起，根據(jù)載波相位實時進(jìn)行差分GPS測量，RTK技術(shù)作為GPS測量重要組成部分，已經(jīng)成為測量技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志.在實際應(yīng)用過程中，RTK技術(shù)是通過基準(zhǔn)站接收機(jī)、數(shù)據(jù)鏈和流動站接收機(jī)來，實現(xiàn)其測量功能的.RTK技術(shù)在實際測圖過程中，僅需一人拿著儀器在要測量地物或地貌特征點上1～2分鐘，并在儀器上輸測量地物或地貌特征點，就能將相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入計算機(jī)，以此為依據(jù)通過繪圖軟件進(jìn)行編繪，輸入要完成的地形圖數(shù)據(jù)，就能完成地形圖.RTK技術(shù)在地形測量中應(yīng)用,不僅節(jié)省大量人力、物力，同時也能避免傳統(tǒng)測量中通視問題，尤其是在起伏較大的山地中使用，能使其工作效率得到顯著的提高；工程放樣方法相對較多，但是在實際應(yīng)用過程中，對點通視狀況要求較高，不能更好滿足放樣需求.而用RTK技術(shù)進(jìn)行放樣，只需要將目標(biāo)點位置輸入電子簿中并背向GPS機(jī)就能找打放樣點位置，這種方法不僅快速方便且精度均勻，能更好滿足放樣需求.。此外，RTK技術(shù)也能對常規(guī)方法無法定位的坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行定位.因此，RTK技術(shù)主要在地形測量和工程放樣中使用.文中主要對RTK技術(shù)在地形測量中應(yīng)用進(jìn)行相應(yīng)分析.1.2RTK技術(shù)原理RTK技術(shù)原理就是基準(zhǔn)站實時將測量的載波相位觀測值、偽距觀測值、基準(zhǔn)站坐標(biāo)等數(shù)據(jù)，以無線電傳送的方式將將相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)傳送給流動站，流動站再對這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行差分處理，最終得出基準(zhǔn)站和流動站坐標(biāo)差.在此基礎(chǔ)上將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成流動站平面坐標(biāo)和高程，整個過程中就是RTK技術(shù)定位過程.2RTK技術(shù)地形測量過程中應(yīng)該注意的問題一般地形測量是以靜態(tài)測量控制點方法進(jìn)行測量的，并在此基礎(chǔ)上用RTK技術(shù)來完成碎部測量.RTK技術(shù)在實際測量過程中可以對測區(qū)內(nèi)一定數(shù)量基準(zhǔn)點進(jìn)行測量并對該地形區(qū)地形、地物特征點坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行測定，最后利用相應(yīng)測圖軟件來實現(xiàn)測繪編輯使其成為地形圖.2.1做好準(zhǔn)備工作在使用RTK技術(shù)進(jìn)行測量的時候，應(yīng)該做好相應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備工作.在測量前，應(yīng)該了解點位、交通狀況，同時也應(yīng)該了解衛(wèi)星預(yù)報評估障礙物狀況及對GPS觀測的影響.最后根據(jù)測量點衛(wèi)星狀況進(jìn)行測量，并確定具體布網(wǎng)和作業(yè)方案.在此基礎(chǔ)上，對電池、電量、內(nèi)存容量和測圖軟件進(jìn)行常規(guī)性檢測..2.2選好基準(zhǔn)點一般基準(zhǔn)點都會選在交通便利的地方,這樣不僅便于設(shè)備運輸和操作，同時也便于保存.在選擇基準(zhǔn)點的時候，應(yīng)該盡量避免成片植物區(qū)域，當(dāng)無法避免時，盡量將基準(zhǔn)點范圍內(nèi)植物清除.同時在選擇基準(zhǔn)點時，也應(yīng)盡量遠(yuǎn)離高達(dá)建筑物或是大面積水域；在選擇基準(zhǔn)點時也應(yīng)保證區(qū)域內(nèi)無無線電發(fā)射設(shè)施和高壓輸電線路設(shè)備.埋石時最好從點位實際需求出發(fā)來確定基點.此外，還應(yīng)該對GPS電臺功率及覆蓋能力進(jìn)行分析,盡量將基準(zhǔn)點布設(shè)在測區(qū)較高位置，以方便獲取通訊數(shù)據(jù)，減少基準(zhǔn)點個數(shù).2.3做好外業(yè)測量和數(shù)據(jù)處理工作在對外業(yè)進(jìn)行觀測的時候，應(yīng)該以儀器的具體步驟為:依據(jù)逐步進(jìn)行操作，得出相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)后，再以單位實際需求為依據(jù)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)能浖M(jìn)行處理,處理過程中也應(yīng)該對不同基準(zhǔn)站點坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行計算，以確保坐標(biāo)位置.2.4做好基準(zhǔn)站設(shè)置和參數(shù)求解工作在使用儀器時，應(yīng)該將正確基準(zhǔn)站坐標(biāo)輸和儀器高度輸入基準(zhǔn)站中.選擇正確的發(fā)射差分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，對波特率進(jìn)行正確選擇，以保證基準(zhǔn)站設(shè)置準(zhǔn)確性.在對參數(shù)求解時，應(yīng)該先在電子手簿中輸入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)點以外的坐標(biāo)，并對已知控制點進(jìn)行聯(lián)測，算出轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)后接收數(shù)據(jù)并確定數(shù)據(jù).2.5做好碎步測量工作和數(shù)據(jù)工作完成基本工作后，還應(yīng)該對碎步進(jìn)行測量.可以將流動站放置在地物地貌特征點上對每個碎步至少測量兩三分鐘.同時應(yīng)該追的是碎步測量點必須與實際需求一致.完成外業(yè)采集工作后，還應(yīng)該及時將采集數(shù)據(jù)處理成內(nèi)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù).在處理過程中可以以外業(yè)采集過程中畫的草圖和預(yù)設(shè)編碼為依據(jù)完成內(nèi)業(yè)圖.這項數(shù)據(jù)工作必須及時完成，以避免時間過長而遺忘相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)和圖形，而影響地形測量進(jìn)度.為了使RTK坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)更加準(zhǔn)確，必須保證RTK數(shù)據(jù)與展點數(shù)據(jù)一致.在此基礎(chǔ)上將代碼、坐標(biāo)或高程輸入相對應(yīng)辦公軟件中,之后再用相應(yīng)軟件進(jìn)行處理，以便使RTK和軟件有效的連接在一起，實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)下載.最后通過編輯轉(zhuǎn)換RTK格式將RTK數(shù)據(jù)存入計算機(jī)，使RTK數(shù)據(jù)和測圖軟件數(shù)據(jù)格式一致，為內(nèi)業(yè)成圖創(chuàng)造一定條件.2.6做好地圖繪制工作做好上述一系列工作后，還應(yīng)該對地圖進(jìn)行繪制.在繪制過程中，應(yīng)該現(xiàn)對軟件中的比例尺進(jìn)行調(diào)試，使其與實際需要比例尺一致，之后啟動展點命令，輸入上述數(shù)據(jù)名稱,根據(jù)外業(yè)草圖進(jìn)行繪制，并用人機(jī)操作形式進(jìn)行交互編輯,使其形成完整圖形.同時也應(yīng)該將野外測點輸入計算機(jī)中,使其與圖式符號庫形成連線，以便對地形圖進(jìn)行規(guī)范，一旦地形圖與實際規(guī)范有差距，就應(yīng)該進(jìn)行進(jìn)行編輯處理，以保證相應(yīng)工作順利進(jìn)行.3 RTK技術(shù)在地形測量中的應(yīng)用測量工程的發(fā)展對測量精度和效率要求越來越高，而常規(guī)的測量技術(shù)不能更好滿足實際需求.GPS技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),尤其是RTK技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，其僅以數(shù)量基準(zhǔn)控制點就能確定測量坐標(biāo)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上通過繪圖軟件將野外測量數(shù)據(jù)繪制成地形圖，之后以相應(yīng)方式輸出不同比例大小的地形圖.目前來看，RTK技術(shù)在地形測量中應(yīng)用的比較多.某地區(qū)在對城市規(guī)劃進(jìn)行測量時，先對該地區(qū)地形條件和居民人口數(shù)量進(jìn)行分析，在此次基礎(chǔ)上對該區(qū)水準(zhǔn)面控制網(wǎng)實際情況進(jìn)行分析，并采用RTK技術(shù)進(jìn)行控制測量.在實施該方案時，先對傳統(tǒng)控制測量、細(xì)部測量等作業(yè)方法進(jìn)行相應(yīng)調(diào)整并導(dǎo)入RTK技術(shù)，對傳統(tǒng)測量技術(shù)進(jìn)行改進(jìn).通過全站儀輔助，對該地區(qū)進(jìn)行測量.測量過程中是用RTK控制網(wǎng)對測區(qū)進(jìn)行總體控制的，在一定程度上實現(xiàn)了多基點控制點聯(lián)測,基準(zhǔn)站一般控制在十千米范圍內(nèi).在實際操作中會受到電磁波干擾或衛(wèi)星條件限制,對不同基站進(jìn)行聯(lián)測后，對RTK測量精度進(jìn)行檢測，以實現(xiàn)對不同分層技術(shù)進(jìn)行控制.檢測時RTK點之間的邊長符合規(guī)定，采集數(shù)據(jù)時，控制點的固定解采集超過三次，儀器能自動取平均值.在移動RTK流動站時，能檢測到已知點和RTK重復(fù)點，在一定程度上證明數(shù)據(jù)采集不同時段的精度是比較可靠的.因此，在對這一城市進(jìn)行地形測量過程中，其測量精度與實際相符、能控制在一定范圍內(nèi)并符合技術(shù)要求.通過對城市坐標(biāo)差、點位進(jìn)行檢驗時，也能達(dá)到一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn).通過全站儀對這一區(qū)域邊長進(jìn)行測量，其邊長誤差值在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi)，能滿足實際精度.將RTK技術(shù)應(yīng)用在城市規(guī)劃測圖中，雖然有一些不規(guī)范的地方，檢測起來也比較繁瑣，很難形成統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但是隨著數(shù)字技術(shù)不斷的發(fā)展，RTK技術(shù)的測量精度將會有所提高.為了更好滿足現(xiàn)實需求，還需要對RTK技術(shù)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)研究.4 結(jié)語隨著各種工程測量的發(fā)展，對測量的要求越來越高，不僅要滿足基本測量需求，同時也要滿足測量效率和精度需求.而常規(guī)的測量方法不能更好滿足這一需求，RTK技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，在一定程度上滿足了工程測量需求.RTK技術(shù)在地形測量中的使用，不僅節(jié)省大量人物力和時間，一定程度上也提高了測量效率和測量精度.然而，在實際應(yīng)用過程中，也應(yīng)該注意相應(yīng)問題.隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)不斷的發(fā)展，對地形測量要求將會更高要求.為了更好滿足時代發(fā)展需求，還需要加大工程測量技術(shù)研究力度，以保證地形測量工作順利進(jìn)行.GPS-RTKtechnologyapplicationintopographicsurveyandresearchABSTRACT:Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theGPSapplicationinthemeasurementrangeisbecomingmoreandmorewide.TheemergenceofGPStechnology,toacertainextent,promotedthedevelopmentofsurveyingandmappingtechnology,especiallyonthepositioningandmeasurement.RTKtechnologyasanimportantpartofGPStechnology,thetopographicsurveyhassomeadvantages,itcannotonlyimprovethemeasurementefficiency,atthesametimealsocanimprovethemeasurementprecision,sothatthetopographicsurveyworkorderly.ThisarticlemainlyfromtheRTKtechnologyprinciple,TKsurveyandtopographicsurveyprocess,RTKtechnologyshouldpayattentiontotheproblemsinitsapplicationintopographicsurvey,theapplicationofRTKtechnologyintopographicsurveyconductedcorrespondingresearch.KEYWORDS:GPS-RTKtechnology;Topographymeasurement;application (GlobalPositioningSystem)GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isjointlydevelopedbytheAmericanarmedforcesinthe1970sanewgenerationofspacesatellitenavigationandPositioningSystem.RTKtechnologyasanimportantwayofGPSsystem,ithasanimportantroleintopographicsurvey.RTKtechnologycannotonlycontrolmeasure,improveworkefficiency,alsocanwithtotalstationcoordinatelofting,alsocanundertakehigh-precisionpositioning.TothebetterapplicationofRTKtechnologyintopographicsurvey,stillneedtooverviewofRTKtechnology,principle,application,shouldpayattentiontothespecificandpracticalapplicationoftheanalysis,inordertocreatemorefavorableconditionsfortopographicsurveywork.HowtobetterapplyRTKtechnologybetterintopographicsurvey,hasbecomearelevantdepartmentisworththinking.1.1profileofRTKtechnologyRTKtechnologyinfactisthedynamicmeasurementtechnique,thephasemeasurementintheactualmeasurementanddatatransmissiontechnologytogether,accordingtothecarrierphasedifferentialGPSmeasurementsinrealtime,asGPSRTKtechnologyimportantconstituent,hasbecomeanimportantsymbolofmeasuringtechnologydevelopment.Inpracticalapplicationprocess,RTKtechnologyisthroughthebasestationreceiver,datalinkandroverreceivertoachieveitsmeasurementfunction.RTKtechnologyintheactualmappingprocess,onlyonepersonholdingtheinstrumentinmeasuringthefeatureorfeaturespoint1~2minutes,andlosingoninstrumentmeasurementfeaturesorgeomorphicfeaturepoints,canthecorrespondingdataintothecomputer,onthisbasisthroughthedrawingsoftwarecompilation,entertocompletethetopographicmapdata,topographicmapwillbefinished.RTKtechnologyapplicationintopographicsurvey,notonlysavealotofmanpowerandmaterialresources,atthesametimecanalsoavoidthetraditionalmeasurementsdependingontheproblem,especiallyinthemountainsofvolatileuse,canmakeitsworkefficiencyissignificantlyimproved;RTKtechnologycanalsobeunabletolocatethecoordinatesoftheconventionalmethodsforpositioning.Therefore,RTKtechnologyismainlyusedintopographicsurveyandengineeringlayout.ThemainapplicationofRTKtechnologyintopographicsurveyaccordingly.1.2principleofRTKtechnologyGPSpositioningisdeterminedmainlybyusingtheprincipleofrangingintersectionpoint.CarrierphasedifferentialtechniqueisalsocalledRTK(RealTimeKinematic)technology,isreal-timeprocessingoftwostationcarrierphaseobservationquantitydifferencemethod.Carrierphasedifferencetechnologysystemconfigurationconsistsofthreeparts:(1)thebasestationreceiver.(2)theroverreceiver,roveralsoincludessoftwaresystemsthatsupportthereal-timedynamicdifference.(3)datalink.Real-timewillmeasureprincipleofRTKtechnologyisincarrierphaseobservations,thepseudorangeobservations,referencestationcoordinatesdata,correspondingdatatransmittedintheformofradiotransmissiontotherover,roverdifferenceprocessingthesedataagain,finallydrawabasestationandrovercoordinatedifference.Onthebasisofgeneraldataintoaroverplanecoordinatesandelevation,thewholeprocessistheprocessofRTKpositioningtechnology.UsuallyRTKmeasurementaccuracycanreachseveralcentimeters.2topographymeasurementintheprocessofRTKtechnologyshouldpayattentiontotheproblemGeneraltopographymeasurementbasedoncontrolpointmethodformeasuringthestaticmeasurement,andonthisbasis,usingRTKtechnologytocompletethedetailmeasurement.RTKtechnologyintheactualprocessofmeasuringthemeasurementzoneofacertainnumberofbenchmarkscanbemeasured,andthecryovolcanicterrainandobjectofthefeaturepointcoordinatesaremeasured,andfinallyusingthecorrespondingmappingsoftwaretoimplementthemappingeditor,makingitatopographicmap.2.1goodpreparationbeforeWhenusingRTKtechnologytomeasurebeforethecorrespondingmeasureshouldbereadyforwork.Shouldunderstandpoint,trafficconditions,alsoshouldunderstandthestatusofthesatelliteforecastassessmentofobstaclesandimpactonGPSobservation.Accordingtothemeasurementpointonsatellitemeasurements,anddeterminethenetandworkplan.Basedonthis,againtothebattery,battery,memorycapacity,androutineinspectionsofmappingsoftware.2.2chooseagoodbenchmarkWhenselectingareferencepoint,generallychoosewherethetransportationisconvenient,andtrytoavoidpieceofplantarea,whenunabletoavoid,trytoclearthebenchmarkwithinthescopeoftheplant.Atthesametimealsoshouldtrytostayawayfromtallbuildingsorlargewaterareasandareaswithnoradioemissionandtransmissionlineequipment.Inaddition,youshouldanalyzetheGPSradiopowerandcoverage,asfaraspossiblethereferencepointsettinghigherpositionofthesurveyedarea,convenienttoobtaincommunicationsdataandreducenumberofdatum.2.3todoagoodjoboffieldmeasurementanddataprocessingInfieldobservations,shouldbeoperatedaccordingtothespecificstepsofinstrumentgradually,andthenselecttheappropriatesoftwarebasedonpracticalneedsforprocessing,processingofdifferentbenchmarksiteshouldalsocoordinatecalculation,toensurethatthecoordinatesofthelocation.2.4doagoodjobbasestationsettingandparameterstosolveWhenusinginstrument,shouldbethecorrectreferencestationcoordinatesandtheheightoftheinstrumentinputdatumstation.Launchdifferencedata,choosetherighttocorrectselectionofbaudrate,inordertomakesurethebasestationsettingaccuracy.Ofsolvingparameters,shouldfirsthandinelectronicbookbeyondstandarddatuminput,thecoordinatesofknowncontrolpointsaremeasured,calculatedconversiondataafterreceivingdataanddataweredetermined.2.5doagoodjobandmanyquickmeasurementAftercompletionofbasicworkshouldalsobemeasuredindetail.Canplacetheroverontheterrainlandformfeaturepointsforeverydetailmeasuringatleasttwoorthreeminutes.Aftercompletionoffieldcollectionworkshouldalsobetimelycollectionandprocessingofdataintodataintheindustry.Intheprocesscanbecollectedoutsidetheindustryintheprocessofpaintingonthebasisofthesketchandthedefaultencodingcompletionfigureintheindustry.,coordinates,onthebasisofthiscodeorelevationinputcorrespondingofficesoftware,andthenwiththecorrespondingsoftwareforprocessing,sothattheRTKtogethereffectively,andthesoftwarefordatadownload..FinallybyeditingtheconvertRTKformatstheRTKdatastoredinthecomputer,maketheRTKdataformat,dataandmappingsoftwaretocreatecertainconditionsformappingintheindustry.2.6doagoodjobmappingAftercompletingtheaboveaseriesofwork,shouldalsobedrawnonmaps.Intheprocessofdrawing,shouldbeonthescaleofsoftwaredebugging,nowmakeitconsistentwiththeactualneedsscale,afterstarttheatcommand,enterthenameofthedata,andaccordingtothefieldtodrawsketch,makeitsformacompletegraphics..Andatthesametimethefieldpointshouldbeinputinthecomputer,withtheschematicsymbollibraryformtheattachment,sothatthespecificationoftopographicmapsoastoensurerelevantworksmoothly.3TheGPS-RTKtechnologyapplicationintopographicsurveyWiththeemergenceofRTKtechnology,rapidpositioningmeasurementismoreandmorerelaxed.AlongwiththecontinuousimprovementofRTKtechnology,appeareddifferentRTKmeasurementsystem.Now,RTKtechnologyintheapplicationsoftopographicsurveyismore.Asmeasuredintheurbanplanninginagivenarea,firsttotheregionterrainconditionsandresidentialpopulationquantityisanalyzed,basedontheanalysisofactualsituationlevelcontrolnetworkinthearea,usingRTKtechnologytocontrolthemeasurement.Inimplementingtheplan,firsttothetraditionalcontrol,detailmeasurementmethodtocarryonthecorrespondingadjustmentandimporttheRTTtechnology,toimprovethetraditionalmeasurementtechniques.Theregionismeasuredbytotalstationauxiliary.WithRTKmeasurementprocesscontrolnetworktocontroltheoverallthicknessdivision,toacertainextent,achievedmorethanbpcontrolpointmeasurement,generalcontrolbenchmarkstationwithin10kilometers.Therefore,intheprocessofthecityterrainmeasurement,themeasurementaccuracyisconsistentwiththeactual,canbecontrolledwithinacertainrangeandaccordwithtechnicalrequirements.Throughtheurbancoordinatedifference,testpoint,alsocanreachacertainstandard.Thethisarealengthismeasuredbytotalstation,thesidelengtherrorvaluesinthestandardrange,cansatisfytheprecision.ApplyRTKtechnologyinurbanplanningandmapping,althoughtherearesomenon-standardparts,andmorecumbersometotest,itisdifficulttoformaunifiedstandard,butwiththecontinuousdevelopmentofdigitaltechnology,themeasuringaccuracyofRTKtechnologywillbeimproved.Inordertobettermeetthedemandofreality,alsoneedtothecorrespondingstudyontheRTKtechnology.4conclusionAlongwiththedevelopmentofengineeringmeasurement,tomeasurethedemandishigherandhigher,notonlytomeetthedemandofbasicmeasurement,butalsotomeetthedemandofmeasuringprecisionandefficiency.Andconventionalmeasuringmethodscan'tmeetthisdemand,theemergenceofRTKtechnology,toacertainextent,meetthedemandofengineeringmeasurement.GPS-RTKwillstillaloneortogetherwiththetotalstationinlandsurveyplaysanimportantrole.AndwillloadtothefunctionofGPS-RTKtotalstationandotherequipment,orotherinstrumentswillbeloadedintothefunctionofGPS-RTKrover,anewgenerationofmulti-functionalinstrument,willbeGPS-RTKinlandsurveyofthedevelopmentdirectioninthefuture.RTKtechnologyusedintopographicsurvey,savealotofpeoplenotonlymaterialresourcesandtime,toacertainextentandimprovethemeasurementefficiencyandaccuracyofmeasurement.However,inpracticalapplicationprocess,alsoshouldpayattentiontothecorrespondingproblems.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyconstantly,thetopographicsurveyrequirementswillbehigherrequirements.Inordertobettermeetthedemandoftimesdevelopment,butalsoneedtoincreasetheintensityofengineeringmeasurementtechnologyresearch,toensurethatthetopographicsurveyworksmoothly.目錄目錄第一章總論 1一、項目概述 1二、可行性研究報告編制依據(jù)和范圍 2三、項目主要經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)指標(biāo) 3四、******國家森林公園概況 3第二章項目背景及必要性 8一、項目背景 8二、項目建設(shè)的必要性與可行性 10第三章項目選址分析 13一、項目選址 13二、項目城市概況 13三、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展概況 14四、公共設(shè)施依托條件及施工條件 17第四章需求分析與建設(shè)規(guī)模 18一、****國家森林公園現(xiàn)狀與存在問題分析 18HYPERLI