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SectionConsol-Ethic–57Standard-46SectionA假如考到Consol35非Consol–35TheprofessionalandethicaldutyoftheaccountantSectionConsol-Ethic–57Standard-46DiscussthevalidityoftheaccountingtreatmentproposedbyXXXandwhethersuchaproposedtreatmentraisesanyethicalissues.(8描述一個(gè)背景，然后出兩個(gè)問題：第一個(gè)問題，這類從會(huì)學(xué)通過（先背誦理論，再Inthis）ImportanceofEthicsinaccountingisofutmostimportancetoaccountingprofessionalsandthosewhorelyontheirservices.Accountingprofessionalsknowthatpeoplewhousetheirservices,especiallydecisionmakersusingfinancialstatements,expectthemtobehighlycompetent,reliable,andThosewhoworkinthefieldofaccountingmustnotonlybewellqualifiedbutmustalsopossessahighdegreeofprofessionalintegrity.Aprofessional’sgoodreputationisoneofhisorhermostimportantassets.CriteriatojudgewhethermanipulationoffinancialstatementsoccursThereisaveryfinelinebetweenacceptableaccountingpracticeandmanagement’sdeliberatemisrepresentationinthefinancialstatements.Thefinancialstatementsmustmeetthefollowing(i)Technicalcompliance:Atransactionmustberecordedinaccordancewithgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples(ii)Economicsubstance:Theresultingfinancialstatementsmustrepresenttheeconomicsubstanceoftheeventthathasoccurred.(iii)Fulldisclosureandtransparency:Sufficientdisclosuremustbemadesothattheeffectsoftransactionsaretransparenttothereaderofthefinancialstatements.Directors'DirectorsareresponsibleforpreparationthefinancialstatementincompliancewithIFRSandstatutorylawsandIftheybelievethattheyarenotcomplyingwithIFRS,theyshouldtakeallstepstoensurethattheerrororirregularityisDirectorshavearesponsibilitytoacthonestlyandethicallyandnotbemotivatedby alinterestandgain.Iftheethicalconductofthedirectorsisquestionablethenotherareasofthefinancialstatementsmayneedscrutiny.Accountantsmustpossessahighdegreeofprofessionalintegrityandtheprofession’sreputationdependsuponit.Professionalaccountancybodiessetoutethicalguidelineswithinwhichtheirmembersoperatecoveringstandardsofbehaviour,andacceptablepractice.Theseregulationsaresupportedbyanumberofcodes,forexample,oncorporate ernancewhichassistaccountantsinmakingethicaldecisions.Theaccountanthasaresponsibilitynottomaskthetruenatureofthefinancialstatement.Theaccountantshouldtryandpersuadethedirectorstofollowacceptableaccountingprinciplesandcomplywithaccountingstandardsandtheaccountantshouldconsiderhispositionifthedirectorsinsistontheadjustmentsbypointingtheinaccuraciesouttotheauditors.Reasonfor/AimofUnethicalManagementoftenseeksloopholesinfinancialreportingstandardsthatallowthemtoadjustthefinancialstatementsasfarasispracticabletoachievetheirdesiredaim.Reasonsforsuchbehaviouroftenincludemarket alrealisationofabonus,andmaintenanceofpositionwithinamarketsector.CorporatesocialresponsibilityCorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)isconcernedwithbusinessethicsandthe ’saccountabilitytoitsstakeholders,andaboutthewayitmeetsitswiderCSRemphasisestheneedforcompaniestoadoptacoherentapproachtoarangeofstakeholdersincludinginvestors,employees,rs,andcustomers.Directorsmustconsidertheshort-termandlong-termconsequencesoftheiractions,andtakeintoaccounttheirrelationshipswithemployeesandtheimpactofthebusinessonthecommunityandtheenvironment.BenefitsofenvironmentalandsocialCompanieswhichvoluntarilypublishenvironmentalandsocialreportshaveidentifiedthefollowingbenefits:Itdemonstratescoherenceofoverallmanagementstrategytoimportantexternalstakeholders.ItstrengthensstakeholderItincreasescompetitiveadvantages(the'firstmover'PublicrecognitionforcorporateaccountabilityandTargetsettingandexternalreportingdrivescontinualenvironmentalandsocialimprovement.BenefitsofenvironmentalandsocialEffectiveself-regulationminimisesriskofregulatoryintervention.Itmayimproveaccesstolistsof'preferredrs'ofbuyerswithgreenprocurementpolicies.Itreducescorporaterisk,whichmayreducefinancingcostsandbroadentherangeofinvestors.ItenhancesemployeeImprovedSectionConsol-Ethic–57Standard-46SectionTwofromthree25-markquestionsSectionBwillnormallyinclude:twoscenarioorcasestudy-basedquestions(coveringarangeofstandardsandsyllabustopics,oneusuallyinthecontextofaparticularindustry)anessay-stylediscussionquestion,oftenpassingcurrentdevelopmentsincorporatereporting,whichmayalsoincludesomeshortcalculations.SectionB–猜中Q4Currentissue-背8Q2/Q3Standard（不36SectionSectionSectionB–沒猜中Q2&&Q3Standard（會(huì)8背Q2&&Q3Standard（有點(diǎn)69Q2&Q3Standard（不太5拼SectionSectionCurrentissuesExposureDraft:RecognitionofDeferredTaxAssetsforUnrealisedLossesInAugust2014,theIASBissuedtheExposureDraft:RecognitionofDeferredTaxAssetsforUnrealisedLosses(ED/2014/3).Duringthefinancialcrisis,investmentsindebtinstrumentsmeasuredatfairvaluewerefallinginvalue(duetochangesinmarketinterestrates)withoutacorrespondingtaxdeduction.Thequestionthatarosewaswhetheradeferredtaxassetshouldberecognisedontheunrealisedlossifyouknewthatontheduedateyouwouldreceivethefullnominalamountandtherewouldbenotaxconsequencesofthatrepayment.TheEDaimstobringclaritytothisissue.ExposureDraft:RecognitionofDeferredTaxAssetsforUnrealisedLossesTheEDclarifiesthatadeductibletemporarydifferenceexistsforassetscarriedatfairvaluewithoutanequivalentadjustmentbeingmadefortaxpurposes,evenif:theentitywillholdtheinstrumentuntilmaturityandreceiveallofthecontractualcashflows;andtaxlawdoesnotexplicitlyspecifyanytaxconsequencesresultingfromthefullrepaymentoftheprincipal.ExposureDraft:RecognitionofDeferredTaxAssetsforUnrealisedLossesIAS12'sexistingrulesonlyallowanentitytorecogniseadeferredtaxassetifitisprobablethatitwillhavesufficientfuturetaxableprofit.TheEDclarifieshowfuturetaxableprofitshouldbecalculatedfortherecognitiontest:BottomlineoftaxLess:reversingtaxabletemporarydifferencesAdd:reversingdeductibletemporarydifferencesTaxableprofitforrecognitiontest

Xbuysafixed-ratedebtinstrumentwithanominalvalueof$200,000andpays$200,000forit.Thedebtismeasuredatfairvaluewithgainsorlossesrecognisedinothercomprehensivee.Theinstrument'sfairvalueof31December20X1hasfallen$180,000asaresultinachangeinthemarketinterestrate.Xexpectstoholdtheinstrumenttoitsmaturityon31December20X2andtocollectthefull$200,000.Taxlawdeterminesthattaxableprofituponwhichetaxesarepayableisincreasedbygainsarisingonthesaleofthedebtinstrumentandreducedbylossesarisingonsuchtransactions.etaxischargedat30%.Xisloss-makingandexpectsthatthebottomlineofitstaxreturnwillbeataxlossof$4,000.Xalsohasataxabletemporarydifferenceof$6,000thatwillreversein20X2.Adeductibletemporarydifferenceexistsat31December$CarryingTaxDeductibletemporaryDeferredStep1:ReversaloftaxabletemporaryXcanrecogniseadeferredtaxassetinrelationtounrealisedlosses$6,000becauseofthereversaloftaxabletemporarydifferences$6,000inStep2:Calculatefuturetaxable$BottomlineoftaxLess:reversingtaxabletemporaryAdd:reversingdeductibletemporaryTaxableprofitforrecognitionDeferredStep3:AddresultsofSteps1and2andcalculatedeferredDeductible

DeferredtaxatAmountrecognisedbecauseofoftemporarydifference(StepAmountrecognisedbecauseoftaxableprofit(StepThismeansthatofthetemporarydifferenceof$20,000,arecoverabledeferredtaxassetcanonlyberecognisedon$16,000ofit.OtherEDproposalsinrelationtodeterminingfuturetaxableTheEDalsoaddresseswhetherwhenconsideringfuturetaxableprofit,theentity