基礎(chǔ)語法系統(tǒng)第四次課

第四次基礎(chǔ)語法系統(tǒng)課程講師：Peter本節(jié)課目標1.知道什么是賓語補足語，它由什么充當；2.了解帶復(fù)合賓語的常用及物動詞；3.掌握“主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語”的句型，會劃分此句型的句子成分，會運用此句型來翻譯、造句；4.會區(qū)別雙賓語與復(fù)合賓語。5.掌握疑問句的四種類型。6.掌握祈使句的用法。五

簡單句的五種基本句型(5)“

主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓補”――主謂賓賓補試分析下列句子：We

call

him

Peter.（我們叫他彼得。）They

always

keep

the

room

clean.（他們總是把房間保持得很干凈。）這種用來補充說明賓語“怎么樣”、“是什么”、“做什么”的成分，叫做賓語補足語。簡稱賓補。Exercise

1

翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分，體會復(fù)合賓語,注意帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞。1.Theymade

the

girl

monitor

of

the

class.2.They

found

you

a

right

person

for

the

job.3.We

consider

that

a

lie.4.We

must

keep

it

asecret.5.Theynamed

the

baby

Tom.6.He

has

got

everything

ready.7.I

think

it

necessary.8.The

news

made

ushappy.9.Sports

keep

us

healthy.10.Loud

noises

drive

people

mad.雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語（特別是名詞作賓補時）的區(qū)別：雙賓語中間接賓語表示人，直接賓語表示事、物，兩者沒有關(guān)系；復(fù)合賓語中賓補是補充說明賓語的，二者有關(guān)系。eg.He

passed

me

a

pen.雙賓語，me(我)和apen(鋼筆)沒有關(guān)系We

consider

that

a

lie.

復(fù)合賓語，that(那)就是a

lie(一個謊言）Exercise

2

翻譯下列句子，注意區(qū)別雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語.1.They

made

us

a

big

cake.2.Theymade

mecaptain

of

the

team.3.Theymade

me

angry.4.I

found

the

story

interesting.5.I

found

you

the

book.6.He

fed

the

child

some

milk.7.She

ordered

herself

a

new

dress.8.Wethinkhim

an

honestman.9.She

pushed

the

door

open.10.They

always

consider

themselves

in

the

right.Exercise

3

五種基本句型綜合練習：指出下列句子屬于哪種句型,并翻譯成漢語。1.The

cook

smells

the

food.2.It

smells

delicious.3.The

train

will

come

soon.4.Your

dream

will

come

true

sooner

or

later.5.The

days

get

longer.6.Can

you

get

me

some

tea?7.They

are

getting

everything

ready.8.He

will

get

here

on

time.9.I

got

the

first

prize.10.He

always

keeps

the

windows

open.11.They

keep

quiet

in

class.12.You

can

keep

the

books

for

a

month.13.He

is

telling

stories.14.He

is

telling

the

children

stories.15.These

coats

cost

me

1000

yuan.16.I

owe

him

＄50.17.He

looks

at

the

sky

now

andthen.18.He

looks

worried.19.Turn

the

TV

on.一

英語句子的分類１）按照結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三類：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡單句是只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，且句子各部分都由單詞或短語充當?shù)木渥?。并列的主語算是一個主語，并列的謂語算是一個謂語。eg.My

father

and

I

live

here.(我爸爸和我住在這里。――并列主語)I

wash

my

face，brush

my

teeth

and

go

to

school.(我洗臉、刷牙然后上學。――并列謂語)２）按照使用目的可分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。二

疑問句疑問句是用來提問的句子。它有四種：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。１

一般疑問句Are

you

a

worker?你是工人嗎？（cf.You

are

aworker.你是工人。）Do

they

live

here?他們住這兒嗎？（cf.They

live

here.他們住這兒。）Has

he

finished

the

work?他是否做完工作了？（cf.He

hasfinishedthe

work.他做完工作了。）Can

you

swim?你會游泳嗎？（cf.You

can

swim.你會游泳。）用yes、no回答時，答語中“系動詞be／助動詞／情態(tài)動詞”與問句中的一致。eg.Do

you……?

Yes,

I

do.

/No,

I

don’t.Does

he……?

Yes,

he

does.

/No,

he

doesn’t.Are

they……?

Yes,

they

are.

/No,

they

aren’t.Are

you……?Yes,

I

am.

/No,

I

’mnot.Can

the

boy……?

Yes,

he

can.

/No,

he

can’t.Exercise

1

翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分。1.Is

there

an

apple

on

the

table?2.Was

he

here

a

moment

ago?3.Does

he

speak

English?4.May

I

borrow

your

pen?5.Can

you

carry

the

suitcase

for

me?6.Have

you

ever

been

to

the

Summer

Palace?7.Would

you

like

to

go

there

with

me?8.Are

they

from

Shandong

Province?２

特殊疑問句特殊疑問句以疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭。它有兩種情況：（１）疑問代詞作主語或主語中的定語，這時句子和陳述句語序一樣。eg.Who

helped

him

(with

the

work)?（誰幫助他做這個工作？――who作主語）〔How

many〕students will

come

?（有多少學生要來？――Howmany作主語students的定語）（２）疑問副詞、疑問代詞作其它成分，這時句子中疑問詞后面是一般疑問句語序。eg.Who

are

you

calling?（你在叫誰？――who作call的賓語）〈Where〉do

you

study?（你在哪兒學習？――Where作狀語）What

can

you

see?（你能看見什么？――what作see的賓語）疑問代詞多用作主、賓、表、定語，常用的有:what（什么）、which（哪一個）、how

many（多少，――可數(shù)）、how

much（多少，――不可數(shù)）、who（誰，――主格，用作主語）、whom（誰，――賓格，用作賓語或表語，現(xiàn)在多用who代替）、whose（誰的，――用作定語）疑問副詞多用作狀語、表語，常用的有：when（什么時候，何時）、where（什么地方，哪里）、why（為什么）、how（怎樣，如何）“how＋形容詞或副詞”提問的情況也很多，“how＋形容詞或副詞”一般作狀、表語，這取決于其中的形容詞或副詞。eg.How

often

do

you

watch

TV?（你多久看一次電視？――How

oōen作狀語）How

heavy

isthisbox?（這箱子有多重？――How

heavy作表語）How

fast

do

you

run?（你跑得有多快？――How

fast作狀語）Exercise

2

翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，劃分句子成分，仔細體會特殊疑問句語序。1.Who

is

going

to

teach

us

English?2.Which

book

is

yours?3.What

are

you

doing

now?4.How

soon

will

he

beback?5.Where

have

you

been?6.When

did

you

go

to

the

cinema

last

time?7.Whyare

theme

parks

popular

today?8.Whom

are

you

waiting

for?３

選擇疑問句分為一般選擇疑問句和特殊選擇疑問句。一般選擇疑問句：與一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)相同，但多一個由or連接的成分。eg.Are

you

from

China

or

Japan?（你來自中國還是日本？）Shall

we

go

today

or

tomorrow?（我們今天去還是明天去？）Did

you

work

out

the

problem

in

this

way

or

that

way?（你用這種方法還是用那種方法把問題解決了？）特殊選擇疑問句：特殊疑問句后面加一個由or連接的、供選擇的答案。eg.Which

isbigger,the

moon

or

theearth?（月亮和地球哪一個大？）When

did

you

get

here,

today

or

yesterday?（你何時到這兒的，昨天還是今天？）How

long

will

we

finish

the

work,

one

day

or

two

days?（我們多長時間能完成這項工作，一天還是兩天？）Exercise

4

翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子，仔細體會選擇疑問句中or連接的是什么成分。1.-–Is

your

sister

a

doctor

or

a

teacher?2.-–Do

you

want

tea

or

coffee?3.-–Shall

we

go

home

or

stay

here

for

the

night?4.-–Shall

I

come

to

meet

you

or

shall

we

meet

at

thestation?5.–Are

you

leaving

today

or

tomorrow?6.Which

color

do

you

like,

red

or

yellow?7.Who

is

faster,

you

or

me?8.whichis

the

biggest,

the

sun,

the

earth

or

the

moon?四

反意疑問句“肯定陳述句＋否定簡短問句”或“否定陳述句＋肯定簡短問句”。You

are

a

student,

aren’t

you?（你是學生，對嗎？）These

people

work

hard,don’tthey?（這些人干活很買力，是嗎？）We’ll

leave

today,won’t

we?（我們今天走，是吧？）Your

son

doesn’t

like

music,

does

he?（你兒子不喜歡音樂，對不對？）The

boy

can’t

swim,

can

he?（這男孩不會游泳，是不是？）Shehasn’t

hadlunch,

hasshe?（她還沒吃午飯，是嗎？）反意疑問句的回答與一般疑問句相同：用yes、no回答。Yes,I

am./No,I

am

not.Yes,they

are./No,they

are

not.Yes,we

will./No,we

won’t.Yes,he

does./No,he

doesn’t.Yes,he

can./No,he

can’t.Yes,she

has./No,she

hasn’t.Exercise

5

翻譯、朗讀并背誦下列句子。1.You

are

Chinese,

aren’t

you?2.She

has

many

brothers,

hasn’t/

doesn’t

she?3.Theyhave

lunch

at

12.00

every

day,

don’t

they?4.There’s

somethingwrong

with

your

watch,

isn’t

there?5.Themap

looks

good,

doesn’t

it?6.You

can’t

speak

Chinese,

can

you?7.Ourteachershave

never

been

there,

havethey?8.They

aren’t

talking

about

me,are

they?9.We

don’toften

play

com