焦慮癥自測量表

焦慮癥自測量表

TheSelf-RatingAnxietyScale(SAS)wasdevelopedbyChinese-AmericanprofessorZungin1971.Thescalecontains20itemsthatreflectsubjectivefeelingsofanxiety.Itcanbeusedtoevaluatetheseverityofanxietysymptomsandtheirchangesduringtreatment,andissuitableforadultswithanxietysymptoms.Itismainlyusedforefficacyevaluationandnotfordiagnosis.Pleasereadtheinstructionscarefully.Accordingtoyouractualsituationinthepastweek,carefullyreadeachitem,understandthemeaning,andthenselectfromlefttoright:*Verylittle:Noorverylittletime*Less:Asmallamountoftime*More:Quitealotoftime*Often:Mostorallofthetime1.Ifeeleasilyweakandtired.VerylittleLessMoreOften2.Iamdistressedbyheadaches,neckandbackpain.VerylittleLessMoreOften3.Ifeelveryeasytobreatheinandout.VerylittleLessMoreOften4.Myhandsandfeetarenumbandtingling.VerylittleLessMoreOften5.Iamdistressedbyboutsofdizziness.VerylittleLessMoreOften6.Myhandsaredryandwarm.VerylittleLessMoreOften7.Ifallasleepeasilyandsleepwellallnight.VerylittleLessMoreOften8.Ifeelmyheartbeatingfast.VerylittleLessMoreOften9.Ihavenightmares.VerylittleLessMoreOften10.Ifeelcalmandeasytositquietly.VerylittleLessMoreOften11.Iamdistressedbystomachpainandindigestion.VerylittleLessMoreOften12.Ifeeleverythingisfineandnothingbadwillhappen.VerylittleLessMoreOften13.Iameasilyupsetorfrightened.VerylittleLessMoreOften14.IhavefaintingspellsorfeellikeI'mgoingtofaint.VerylittleLessMoreOften15.Ifeelmorenervousandanxiousthanusual.VerylittleLessMoreOften16.Ifeelscaredfornoreason.VerylittleLessMoreOften17.IfeellikeImightgocrazy.VerylittleLessMoreOften18.Myhandsandfeettremble.VerylittleLessMoreOften19.Ioftenhavetourinate.VerylittleLessMoreOften20.Myfaceturnsredandhot.VerylittleLessMoreOftenScoreeachitembyaddingupthescoresforeachresponse(1-4).Thetotalscoreismultipliedby1.25,roundedtothenearestwholenumbertoobtainthestandardscore.Thecutoffscoreforanxietydisordertestingis50points.Thehigherthescore,themorepronouncedthetendencytowardsanxiety.Whatarethemainsymptomsofanxietydisorder?慢性焦慮癥狀表現(xiàn)為心慌、疲憊、神經(jīng)質(zhì)、氣急和胸痛等五大癥狀，同時(shí)還伴有緊張、出冷汗、暈厥、噯氣、惡心、腹脹、便頻急等。這些癥狀有時(shí)很難與神經(jīng)衰弱或其他?？萍膊∠鄥^(qū)分，因此需要醫(yī)師對病情有全面細(xì)致的了解，以免誤診。一些輔助檢查如心電圖、X線胸片、消化道造影、胃鏡等可以幫助醫(yī)師查出疾病，但焦慮雖然嚴(yán)重，客觀檢查征象卻很輕或陰性。焦慮癥的預(yù)防與治療是非常重要的。正確學(xué)會陶冶情操，調(diào)節(jié)情緒，就能有效地預(yù)防疾病。對于那些性情急躁、性格內(nèi)向的青少年來說，要不斷克服性格上的弱點(diǎn)，學(xué)會與周圍的同事和睦相處；提高處能力，心態(tài)平和與處世不驚是預(yù)防焦慮產(chǎn)生的有效手段。心理治療是治療焦慮癥的一種有效手段。在心理醫(yī)師的指導(dǎo)下，充分認(rèn)識到焦慮癥產(chǎn)生的原因和背景，學(xué)會轉(zhuǎn)移或化解精神壓力和朋友的思想交流或調(diào)節(jié)休假日的生活，也能在很大程度上減輕精神負(fù)擔(dān)和焦慮。飲食治療也是治療焦慮癥的重要方法?；颊咴陲嬍成蠎?yīng)該有所注意。對于有消化道癥狀的患者來說，應(yīng)該合理安排飲食，避免暴飲暴食或進(jìn)食無規(guī)律，以免增加胃腸道負(fù)擔(dān)，加重癥狀。對于有心臟病癥狀的患者來說，則應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離有刺激性的煙、酒、咖啡、辛辣食物等，因?yàn)樗鼈兡芤鸾桓猩窠?jīng)興奮、心跳加速、心臟早搏等，使已有的癥狀更突出。建議以清淡、精品文檔交流為主，進(jìn)食后不要馬上休息。對于腹脹、便秘者，也可以服用助消化和通便的藥物。藥物治療是治療焦慮癥的主要手段。目前臨床上常用的藥物屬抗焦慮藥，它們主要作用于