Unit4FriendsForever基礎(chǔ)知識導(dǎo)學(xué)案高中英語外研版

高一必修一Unit4Unit4—SectionA1.familiar&unfamiliar①(sb.)befamiliarwithsb.(某人)熟識某事物；②(sth.)befamiliartosb.(某事物)為某人所熟知；③bee/get/growfamiliarwith變得熟識；④beonfamiliartermswith...與...交情好。①besimilarto與...相像；②besimilarin在...方面相像。練習(xí)：1.Mygrandmagrewupinthecountryside,sosheisquitefamiliarallthecrops.2.Iamfamiliarhisstyleofdesign.=Hisstyleofdesignisfamiliarme.3.Sheisnotonlygiftedinmusicbutalso(熟識)allkindsofmusicalinstruments.4.Themusician(為...所熟識)almosteveryoneinChina.5.Areyou(與...交情好)Mr.Johnson?6.Herideas(和我的相像).2.prefer&preference①prefertodo/doing...更喜愛做....；②prefersb.todosth.寧愿某人做...；③preferAtoB喜愛A賽過喜愛B；④preferdoing...todoing...=prefertodo...ratherthando...=wouldratherdo...thando...=woulddo...ratherthando...寧愿做...而不愿做...。(2)preferencen.偏愛，優(yōu)待①haveapreferencefor...對...偏愛；②developapreferencefor...養(yǎng)成對...的偏愛；③give(a)preferenceto...優(yōu)先考慮...。練習(xí)：1.Theprofessorpreferred(give)lecturestostudentsto(invite)toattendmeetings.2.Ratherthandriveallthewayeveryday,heprefers(cycle)tohisoffice.3.我寧愿步行去那兒而不愿乘公交。==3.①losetrackof...與...失去聯(lián)系，不了解...的狀況/動態(tài)②keeptrackof...與...保持聯(lián)系，了解...的動態(tài)；③getoffthetrack偏離正題，離題；④beonthetrackofsb./sth.追蹤/追尋...；⑤beontrack穩(wěn)步前進(jìn)，做法對頭?！就卣埂科渌硎尽奥?lián)系〞等的表述：表狀態(tài)①stay/keepintouch/contactwithsb.與某人保持聯(lián)系：表狀態(tài)②beintouch/contactwithsb.與某人有聯(lián)系；③beoutoftouch/contactwithsb.與某人失去聯(lián)系；表動作④getintouchwithsb.與某人取得聯(lián)系；表動作⑤makecontactwithsb.與某人取得聯(lián)系；⑥losetouch/contactwithsb.與某人失去聯(lián)系。練習(xí)：1.Lewisistrackforthegoldmedal.2.Hepreferstostayintouchhisfriendsbysendingemails.3.Clickonthesiteandpostmessagesonsocialmedia,anditwillenableyoutofindtherelativesyou(已經(jīng)失去聯(lián)系的).4.Tomakeiteasier(與...取得聯(lián)系)us,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.5.我們已經(jīng)失去聯(lián)系幾年了。4.①Whatif...?假如...怎么辦？/要是...會怎么樣？(≈Whatwouldhappenif...?)②What/Howabout...?...怎么樣？〔用于提出建議或引出話題〕③Whatfor?為什么？④Sowhat?那又怎樣？〔認(rèn)為某事無關(guān)緊要，尤用于反對他人的職責(zé)時(shí)〕⑤Howe?怎么會呢？〔表示驚異〕⑥Whyme?為什么是我呢？⑦Whynot?為什么不呢？〔表建議〕⑧Whocares?有誰在乎呢？練習(xí)：1.theytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren’tthatinterestedin?2.Jim,canyouworkthisSunday??I’vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.3.Lindadidn’tinviteustotheparty??Idon’tcare.4.playingjokesonLiMingtomorrow?’relookingtired.takeaholiday?6.Iwaswonderingwhowonthegamelastnight.?Idon’treallylikeeitherteam.5.deliver&delivery(1)delivervt.&vi.遞送，傳送，交付；vt.發(fā)表，給...接生，分娩，生產(chǎn)。①deliversth.tosb.把某物交給某人；②deliversb./sth.overtosb.把某人/某物移交給某人；③deliveraspeech/lecture發(fā)表演講；④bedeliveredofababy=givebirthtoababy生孩子(2)deliveryn.遞送，分娩①expressdelivery快遞；②adeliveryroom產(chǎn)房。練習(xí)：1.Youpromisedtodeliverthegoodsus,butwehaven’tseenanyofthemyet.2.Youcaneitherpickupthegoodsorhavethem(deliver).3.Pleasepayforgoodson(deliver).4.Bothadultsandyoungstersaged13+arerequired(deliver)ournewspaper.5.Ourheadmaster(發(fā)表了一次鼓舞人心的長篇演講)yesterday.6.thanksto歸功于...，多虧...①thanksto...通常作狀語，常指好的方面；②becauseof常作狀語；③owingto常作狀語和表語；④dueto常作狀語、表語，一般不位于句首。練習(xí)：選詞填空：thanksto，becauseof，owingto，dueto1.Hisgoodhealthsproperdietandregularexercise.2.yourhelp,Igotthepositionadvertisedintheschoolnewspaper.3.Davidsaidthatitwashisstronginterestinputersthathechosethecourse.7.advance&advanced(1)advancen.預(yù)先，提前，進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展，前進(jìn)，推動(尤指士兵)；v.(使)進(jìn)展，促進(jìn)，開展，前進(jìn)，提前。①inadvance提前，預(yù)先；②inadvanceof在...之前，超前于，比...先進(jìn)；③makeadvancesin=makeanadvancein在...方面取得進(jìn)步；④advanceon/towards朝...前進(jìn)。(2)advancedadj.先進(jìn)的，高級的。advancedtechnology先進(jìn)的技術(shù)；練習(xí)：寫出以下句中劃線詞的詞性和詞義1.TheyusetheInternetasatooltoadvancetheirresearch.2.Informationtechnologyhasgreatlyadvancedsincethe1960s.3.Weliveinanageofrapidtechnologicaladvance.4.IshouldwarnyouinadvancethatI’mnotaverygooddancer.單句語法填空5.Itwasaconfusingquestionformewhytheymovedoffadvance.6.Weareworkinghard(advance)thecauseofworldpeace.7.ThisscienceandtechnologybasedthemeparkinFranceusesthemost(advance)technology.8.significantly&significant&significance(1)significantlyadv.重大地，顯著地，意義深遠(yuǎn)地；(2)significantadj.重要的，重大的；(3)significancen.意義，重要性。besignificant=beofsignificance重要的練習(xí)：1.Hisinehasincreased(significant)sincehebecamealawyer.2.Onlyafterhewentabroaddidherealizethe(significant)ofEnglish.9.maintainv.保持，維持，保養(yǎng)，維護(hù)，供給，扶養(yǎng)例：①maintainabalance保持平衡；②maintainafamily維持一家人的生活。練習(xí)：1.Weshould(保持平衡)betweenstudyandrest.2.Belowaresomewaysto(保持友情).3.Moresignificantly,asaprofessionalathlete,yououghttoalways(保持良好的心態(tài)).10.enablev.使發(fā)生，使可能enablesb.todosth.使某人能夠做某事【拓展】：adj./n.+en→v.①sharpadj.→sharpenv.(使)變銳利；②deepadj.→deepenv.(使)變深；③broadadj.→broadenv.(使)變寬；④weakadj.→weakenv.(使)變?nèi)?；⑤strengthn.→strengthenv.(使)加強(qiáng)；⑥lengthn.→lengthenv.(使)加長。en+adj./n.→v.①richadj.→enrichv.使豐富；②largeadj.→enlargev.擴(kuò)大；③couragen.→encouragev.鼓舞；④dangern.→endangerv.使處于險(xiǎn)境。練習(xí)：1.Hisgoodhealth(使得他能夠努力工作).2.Modernmunications(使越來越多的人能在家里工作).3.Ann(sharpen)herpencilandtookoutherhomework.4.Boredomcanactually(short)yourlife,accordingtoresearchers.5.Wehavealwaystriedto(broad)ourhorizons.6.Itisillegalandcan(danger)otherpeople’slives.11.unusual&usual&usually(1)unusualadj.特別的，不平常的It’sunusual(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是不尋常的。(2)usualadj.通常的，平常的①asusual像平常一樣；②thanusual比平常...。(3)usuallyadv.通常地，一般地練習(xí)：1.Itisnot(usual)formetoseethecrowdedtube.I’vegotusedtoit.2.Wouldyouliketodonateunusualgift?3.usual,thegenerousgentlemangavealotofnewbookstothisschool.4.He(usual)goestoworkbytubebuthetookataxitoday.12.①keepinmindthat...記住...=bearinmindthat...，是keep/bearsth.inmind的變式結(jié)構(gòu)，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。②keep/bear...inmind把...放在心里，把...記在心上；③makeupone’smind(todosth.)下定決心(做某事)；④changeone’smind轉(zhuǎn)變辦法；⑤etomind突然記起(或想到)；⑥with...inmind考慮到。練習(xí)：1.Ofcourse,repairworkisexpensiveandyouhavetokeepthatmind.2.Youmustkeepinmindheismuchyoungerthanyou.3.Always(記住)thatyourmaintaskistogetthispanyrunningsmoothly.4.Shegavemeadeterminedlookthekindthatsaidshewouldnot(轉(zhuǎn)變辦法).13.tend&tendency(1)tendv.往往會，常常就，趨向，走向，傾向等；①tendtodosth.易于做某事，往往會發(fā)生某事②tendto/towards...有...的趨勢，傾向于...；③tendtosb./sth.照看...，照料...(to是介詞且可以省略)。(2)tendencyn.趨勢，傾向Thereisatendency(forsb.)todosth.(某人)有做某事的傾向。練習(xí)：1.Themodernfurnituredesigntendssimplicity.2.Whenfeelingstressed,mostpeopletend(breathe)short,shallowbreaths.3.Obviously,whenpeopleareunderpressure,they(往往會感到焦慮).4.(有上升的趨勢)forwomentohavechildrenlaterinlife.14.theway(=that/inwhich)+定語從句thewaytodosth.=thewayofdoingsth.做某事的方式/方法；theway(方式，方法)作先行詞后接定語從句時(shí)有以下三種狀況：①關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，關(guān)系詞用that，inwhich或省略；②關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，關(guān)系詞用that或which；③關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，關(guān)系詞用that，which或省略。練習(xí)：1.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayinhesaidit.2.TheSmithsarepraisedfor(他們撫養(yǎng)孩子的方式).3.Idon’tknow(湯姆是怎樣從這樣的大火中幸存下來的).4.Isthisthewayyoucanimagine(削減空氣污染)?15.acquirev.獲得，得到①acquireknowledge獲得學(xué)問；②acquireareputation獲得聲譽(yù)；③acquireatastefor開頭喜愛。練習(xí)：1.Duringherfilmcareer,she(獲得了...名聲)asanoutspokenwoman.2.Ihavereally(喜愛上)olives.3.Onlythroughconstantpracticecantheabilityofusingaforeignlanguage(acquire).16.provev.證明，證明；linkingv證明是，被發(fā)覺是①provesth.tosb.證明某事給某人看；②Ithasbeenprovedthat...已經(jīng)證明...；③provesb./sth.(tobe)+adj./n證明某人/某物...；④prove(tobe)+n./adj.證明...。練習(xí)：1.Thebusinessman(證明是)kindandgenerous.2.(已經(jīng)得到證明)eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.3.Actuallythenewputersystem(證明白它的價(jià)值).4.ThestrengthofChina’seconomy(將被進(jìn)一步證明).5.Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.Unit4—SectionB1.inspiring&inspire&inspired&inspiration(1)inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的(2)inspirev.鼓舞，鼓舞，使產(chǎn)生(某種情感)①inspiresb.todosth.鼓舞某人做某事；②inspiresb.withsth.=inspiresth.insb.用...激發(fā)某人，激發(fā)某人的某種情感。(3)inspiredadj.卓越的，沖動人心的；(4)inspirationn.靈感，鼓舞。練習(xí)：1.Hisspeechwasso(inspire)thathisstudentswereinspired(study)harderthaneverbefore.2.Thecaptain’sheroiceffortinspiredthemdetermination.3.(inspire)bymygoodfriend,Iintendedtostudyabroad.4.Thepossibilitythatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientists(explore)outerspace.2.pourv.灌，注，倒，大量涌出，(雨)傾盆而下，不斷涌向(或涌現(xiàn))①o...把...投入/倒入...；②pourout傾吐，傾訴。練習(xí)：1.Igotoutofbedanddrewthecurtains,sowarmsunshinepouredthewindowsintotheroom.2.Shepouredhertroublestomeoveracupofcoffee.3.Aftertheshow,thecrowd(涌出)thetheatre.4.Therain(正傾盆而下).3fort&fortable&unfortable(1)fortn.撫慰，安慰，舒適，令人感到撫慰的人(或事物)；v.撫慰，撫慰①turntosb.forfort向某人尋求撫慰；②infort舒適地；③beagreatforttosb.是某人的巨大撫慰；④forfort為了舒適；⑤take/drawfortfrom...從...獲得撫慰。(2)fortableadj.令人舒適的，感到舒適的；(3)unfortableadj.使人不舒適的。練習(xí)：1.Workingasatailorcanhardlyenablehimtolivefort.2.Whenevershewasupset,shewouldturntohermotherfortandadvice.3.Itakefortthefactthathisfriendsaretheretohelphim.4.Inmoderntimes,peoplehavetolearntolivewithallkindsofpressurealthoughtheyareleadinga(fort)life.5.Thissofaisso(fortable)thatshedecidestobuyanewone.4.patience&patient&patiently&impatient&impatiently①haveno/littlepatiencewith...不能容忍...；②lose/runoutofpatience(withsb.)(對某人)失去急躁；③withpatience=patiently急躁地。(2)patientadj.急躁的；n.[C]病人。bepatientwith...對...有急躁。(3)patientlyadv.急躁地；(4)impatientadj.不耐煩的。beimpatientwith...對...不耐煩。(5)impatientlyadv.不耐煩地。練習(xí)：1.Mymotherhasthe(patient)towaitforthechangeofmyattitude.2.Theteacherismakingcorrectionstomyposition(patient).3.ThoughIhavemanyquestions,Mary(對...有急躁)me.4.Heisagoodteacher,buthe(受不了)hisnaughtyson.5.passionn.劇烈的情感，激情，酷愛，喜愛，盛怒①withpassion布滿激情地；②haveapassionfor...酷愛...；③flyintoapassion勃然大怒。練習(xí)：1.TheEnglish(酷愛)gardens.2.She(勃然大怒)ifanyoneevenmentionshisname.3.他發(fā)表了熱忱洋溢的講話。Hespoke.6.generosity&generous&generously(1)generosityn.慷慨，大方①actofgenerosity慷慨之舉；②show(sb.)generosity(對某人)表現(xiàn)出慷慨；③one’sgenerosityto/towards...某人對...的慷慨。(2)generousadj.慷慨的，大方的①begeneroustosb.對某人慷慨；②begenerouswithsth.在某方面大方，不吝嗇某物；③It’sgenerousofsb.todosth.某人做某事是慷慨的。(3)generouslyadv.慷慨地，大方地練習(xí)：1.Ishallneverforgetthe(generous)shownbytheChinesepeople.2.Thesevolunteersareverygeneroustheoldmen.3.Thegraduateisverygeneroushistimeinhelpingothers.4.Itisgenerousofyou(lend)yourdigitalcameratome.7.anxious&anxiously&anxiety(1)anxiousadj.焦慮的，擔(dān)心的，渴望的，急迫的①beanxiousaboutsth./forsb.為...擔(dān)憂；②beanxiousforsth.渴望得到某物；③beanxioustodosth.渴望做某事，急于做某事；④beanxiousthat...擔(dān)憂...，渴望...。(2)anxiouslyadv.焦慮地，急迫地；(3)anxietyn.渴望，焦慮①withanxiety焦慮地；②anxietyfor...對...的渴望。練習(xí)：1.Mymotheralwaysgetsabit(anxiety)ifwedon’tarrivewhenwesaywewill.2.Mrs.Johnsonhasbeenanxioushersonsincehewentabroad.3.Thepanyisanxious(improve)itsimage.4.Shewasanxiousheshouldmeetherfather.5.Icanunderstandyour(anxious),butpleasetrynottoworry.8.distance&distant(1)distancev.使與...保持距離，撇清和...的關(guān)系；n.距離，遙遠(yuǎn)，(人際關(guān)系的)疏遠(yuǎn)。①inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處；〔距離較近〕②at/fromadistance從遠(yuǎn)處，離開一段距離；〔距離較近〕③withinwalkingdistance在步行距離之內(nèi)；④adistanceof......的距離；⑤keepone’sdistance(from...)(與...)保持距離；⑥keepsb.atadistance與某人保持肯定距離；⑦distanceoneselffrom...撇清自己與...的關(guān)系。(2)distantadj.要員的，冷淡的。練習(xí)：1.Theboywantedtodistance(him)fromtheaccident.2.Hedraggedaboxforlongdistanceandapproachedthestation.3.Mr.Smithiskindtotheworkersinhisstore,butafterworkhekeepsthemadistance.4.Therearelotsofrestaurantswalkingdistance.5.Itsnowsalltheyearroundinthat(distance)littlevillage.6.Thepicturelooksbetter(離開一段距離).9.postponev.使(大事、行動等)延期，延遲。①postponesth.until...將某事推遲到...；②postpone(doing)sth.推遲(做)某事；【拓展】其他表示“推遲〞或“提前〞的用法：①putoff推遲，延期；②delayv.推遲，延期；③putforward將...提前。練習(xí)：1.We(推遲)ourdepartureonaccountofthebadweather.2.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthat(會議將被延期).’vedecidedtopostpone(deliver)aspeech.4.WedecidedtopostponethepartymyparentsreturnedfromAmerica.Unit4—SectionC1.ordinaryadj.一般的，平常的①intheordinaryway一般，通常；②outoftheordinary不尋常，出乎意料?！颈嫖觥縪rdinary，mon，normal，usual①ordinary，指一般，無奇怪之處〔反義詞：special〕；②mon，指常見〔反義詞：rare〕；③normal，指標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正常；④usual，指慣例〔反義詞：unusual〕。練習(xí)：選詞填空：ordinary，mon，normal，usual1.Hereferredtothelifeofthepeopleinhisbook.’stofeeltiredaftersuchalongtrip.3.Somekindsofbirdswhichwereonceasightarenowbeingrare.4.As,IwasfocusingmyattentiononwritinganovelonSundaymorning.5.(通常),sheleaveshomeat7:30.6.Thetrafficisnow(恢復(fù)正常)aftertwodaysofheavyfog.2.fortune&misfortune&fortunate&fortunately&unfortunately&unfortunate(1)fortunen.[C]大筆的錢，巨款；n.[U]運(yùn)氣，機(jī)遇；①makea/one’sfortune發(fā)財(cái)；②seekone’sfortune外出查找發(fā)財(cái)時(shí)機(jī)；③beworthafortune值一大筆錢；④costafortune要花一大筆錢；⑤tryone’sfortune碰運(yùn)氣；⑥tellone’sfortune給某人算命；⑦h(yuǎn)avethegoodfortunetodosth.有幸做某事。(2)misfortunen.[C]不幸的世故；n.[U]不幸。①befortunateindoingsth.因做某事而感到幸運(yùn)；②befortunatetodosth.有幸能做某事。(4)unfortunateadj.不幸的；(5)fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地；(6)unfortunatelyadv.不幸地.練習(xí)：1.Knowingthatiswaseasytofinddiamondinthedesert,hewentthereto(碰運(yùn)氣).2.I(足夠幸運(yùn)地遇到)theprofessorwhoappreciatedmypaintingsverymuch.3.Hefelt(fortune)thattheinterviewspokehighlyofhimduringtheinterview.4.(fortunate),shepromisedmeaninterviewchance.3.①couldn’thavedone過去不行能做過；②can’t/couldn’thavedone過去不行能做過；③couldhavedone過去本能夠做〔而未做〕；④shouldhavedone過去本應(yīng)當(dāng)做〔而未做〕；⑤shouldn’thavedone過去本不該做〔卻做了〕；⑥musthavedone過去肯定做過；⑦may/mighthavedone過去可能做過；⑧needn’thavedone過去本沒有必要做〔卻做了〕。練習(xí)：1.Tom,youaretoolazy.You(本該完成)theworkyesterday.2.I(本沒有必要擔(dān)憂)beforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.3.Harryisfeelingunfortable.He(肯定喝了太多)atthepartylastnight.4.Whyareyoureyessored?You(不行能睡好)lastnight.4.“nomatter+疑問詞〞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句nomatter意為“不管，無論〞，與what，who，which，when，where，how等疑問詞連用，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，分別相當(dāng)于whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however等?！皀omatter+疑問詞〞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而whatever，whoever，whichever除了可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句外，還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。練習(xí)：1.(不管他在哪里),hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.選詞填空：whatever，whoever，whenever，however’lldoIcantohelpyou.3.Iwilllendmyedictionarytowantstolookupwordsandpromisestotakegoodcareofit.4.Whencouldyouhaveamealwithme?I’dlikeyogoitisconvenienttoyou.5.hardItriedtothinkaboutit,whathesaiddidn’treallygetacrosstome.5.oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)oughtto是情態(tài)動詞，沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后接動詞原形，用法與should根本相同；否認(rèn)式：oughtnottodo.../oughtn’ttodo...；一般疑問句：Ought+主語+todo...?練習(xí)：1.Tobeatopstudent,we(應(yīng)當(dāng))bestrictwithourselves.2.Oncelostintheforest,you(應(yīng)當(dāng)留在)whereyouarewaitingforhelp.3.We(應(yīng)當(dāng)敬重)thosewhohavesuchgoodqualitiesasgenerosityandpatience.4.You(不該開車)ifyou’retired.6.workout找到...的答案，解決，計(jì)算出；勝利地開展〔不及物動詞短語〕；熬煉，健身(=exercise)。①workoutaproblem解決問題；②workouttheanswer計(jì)算出答案；③workon/at從事，致力于；④workas當(dāng)...，做...工作；⑤workfor為...工作，努力促成?！就卣埂科渌皠釉~+out〞短語：①turnout結(jié)果是，證明是；②breakout爆發(fā)；③carryout執(zhí)行，實(shí)施；④makeout理解，弄清晰；⑤runout用完，耗盡；⑥giveout分發(fā)，發(fā)出，用完，耗盡。練習(xí)：1.Ifyouwanttokeepfit,youcan(熬煉)inagymregularly.2.Teachersaresupposedtoteachteenager(如何解決)thepsychologicalproblems.’dbetterdiscusseverythingindetailbeforeweworktheplan.4.Weneedtoputinourtimeandworkourskills.7.correspond&corresponding&correspondence(1)correspondv.通信，符合，相全都；①correspondwithsb.與某人通信；②correspondwith/tosth.與...相符；(2)correspondingadj.相應(yīng)的，相符合的(3)correspondencen.通信，信件練習(xí)：1.Wehavecorrespondedeachothersincewegraduatedfromcollege.2.Thewrittenrecordoftheconversationdoesn’tcorrespondwhatwasactuallysaid.8.worthadj.值得，值...錢①beworthdoing值得做(worth前常用well修飾)；②beworthit值得；③beworth+錢數(shù)值...錢【辨析】worth，worthy與worthwhile易混詞固定搭配worthbeworth+n./doingworthy①beworthyof+n.；②beworthyofbeingdone；③beworthytobedone.worthwhileIt’sworthwhiletodo/doingsth.練習(xí)：1.TheSummerPalace(值得巡游).ThereforeIplantohavealookatitthissummerholiday.2.Thisarticleidwellworth(read),butitisnotworthyof(translate).3.Thenovelisworthy(read)asecondtime.4.Itmightbeworthwhile(consider)yourattitudetoaninsurancepolicy.5.Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience〞foodssopopular,and(introduce)betteronesofyourown.6.Thisjobisworth(do),butitisn’tworthwhile(spend)somuchtimedoingit.9.turnup(意外地或最終)消失，被找到，調(diào)大(音量等)【拓展】turn其他短語：①turnround/around轉(zhuǎn)身；②turndown拒絕，低調(diào)；③turnout結(jié)果是，證明是；④turnto求助于，轉(zhuǎn)向，翻到；⑤turnon翻開；⑥turnoff關(guān)掉；⑦turninto(使)變成；⑧turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)，移交。練習(xí)：1.Despitebeingunwele,theunexpectedguestturned.2.Hisforecastturnedtobepletelywrong.3.Ifyoueacrossanydifficultyduringyourjourney,youcanturnme.10.appointed&appoint&appointment(1)appointedadj.商定的，指定的①attheappointedtime在指定時(shí)間；②attheappointedplace在指定地點(diǎn)。(2)appointv.任命，委派，商定，確定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn))①appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人為...；②appointsb.to...任命某人到...任職；③appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事。(3)appointmentn.商定，約會，任命，委任①haveanappointmentwith...與...有約；②makeanappointment約時(shí)間；③keepanappointment準(zhǔn)時(shí)赴約。練習(xí)：1.Tenminutesbeforethe(appoint)time,hesatnervouslyoutsideheroffice.2.Thoughopposedbymanymembers,hewasappointedheadofthemittee.3.IhaveanappointmentDr.Smith,butIneedtochangeit.4.AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse(appoint)toguardher.5.Wewouldliketoannouncethe(appoint)ofJuliaLewisasheadofsales.6.Amitteewasappointed(consider)theplans.11.scenen.場景，場面，景色，景象，發(fā)生地點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)場，(戲劇中的)一場①on/atthescene到現(xiàn)場，在現(xiàn)場；②battlescenes戰(zhàn)斗場面；③thesceneoftheaccident/crime事故/犯罪現(xiàn)場。練習(xí)：1.Thebandsangabeautifulsongthesceneandallthefanswereexcited.2.Theseasideremindsmeofmanyjoyful(scene)ofmyvacation.3.Thepolice(到現(xiàn)場)immediatelyandcaughtthosecriminals.4.Anewchapterinanovelissomethinglike(新的一場)inaplay.12.ashamed&shame(1)ashamedadj.慚愧，慚愧，為難，羞于；(常用作表語，幾乎不放在名詞前)①beashamedthat...對...感到慚愧；②beashamedtodosth.因做某事而感到慚愧。(2)shamen.恥辱，慚愧，慚愧，恥辱心，恥辱感，恥辱，丟臉①ashame令人惋惜的事，讓人圓滿的事；②Itisashamethat...真圓滿...；③toone’sshame令某人感到慚愧的是；④Whatashame!多惋惜！/多圓滿！練習(xí)：1.Yourbehaviorwasshocking.Youshouldbeashamedyourself.2.(令她感到慚愧的是),shegainedbackalltheweightshehadlost.3.Weshouldn’t(對...感到慚愧)ourweightbecauseourinnerbeautyismoreimportant.13.personality&personal&personally(1)personalityn.共性，性格；(2)personaladj.私人的，個(gè)人的；(3)personallyadv.就個(gè)人而言，親自地。練習(xí)：1.(personal)playsakeyroleinsociallearninginanimals.2.(personal),Ibelievetelevisionisakindofpassivepastime.14.atmospheren.氣氛，氣氛，環(huán)境，大氣(層)①createa(n)...atmosphere營造...的氣氛；②pollutionoftheatmosphere大氣污染。【留意】：抽象地點(diǎn)名詞如position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere作先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。練習(xí)：1.Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.2.Thesefactoriesarereleasingtoxicgasesintoatmosphere.3.Therestaurantisfamousforits(友好的氣氛)andexcellentservice.Unit4——單元語法：定語從句(Ⅰ)一、定語從句的概述英語中形容詞、名詞、名詞全部格、物主代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式〔短語〕、動名詞、分詞〔短語〕、介詞短語以及地點(diǎn)副詞等度可以充當(dāng)定語。但是，上述幾種狀況作定語，在語言運(yùn)用中是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。這個(gè)時(shí)候就有定語從句，就是句子作定語。被它修飾的成分，叫作“先行詞〞。充當(dāng)定語作用的句子稱為定語從句，定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)?！?〕定義：在復(fù)合句中，作定語修飾名詞或代詞的從句，叫作定語從句。它所修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞。〔2〕構(gòu)成：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句；〔3〕關(guān)系詞作用：①連接主句和從句；②指代先行詞；③在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分?！?〕分類：限制性定語從句，非限制性星語從句〔5〕關(guān)系詞是總稱，詳細(xì)分為：①關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，whose，that，which，as；②關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why，that二、關(guān)系代詞的用法被定語從句修飾的詞叫作先行詞；連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞〔包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞〕。關(guān)系詞不僅在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，而且也充當(dāng)定語從句中的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞除了指代主句中的先行詞外，同時(shí)還在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。作賓語時(shí)可以省略；但關(guān)系代詞做介詞賓語，而且介詞提到它的前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。關(guān)系代詞修飾的先行詞從句中所作的成分who人主語、賓語whom人賓語whose人或物定語關(guān)系代詞修飾的先行詞從句中所作的成分that人或物主語、賓語、表語which物或事主語、賓語、表語、定語as人、物或事主語、賓語、表語1.who，whom的用法who和whom引導(dǎo)定語從句，二者都用于指人。who在定語從句中作主語或賓語，whom在定語從句中只作賓語。在現(xiàn)代英語中，跟特別疑問句一樣，作賓語時(shí)可以用who代替whom。【留意】：在從句中做介詞的賓語且介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)，只能用whom，不能用who。whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，既可指人，也可指物，它表示先行詞和它所修飾的詞是所屬關(guān)系，在定語從句中作定語。除了用whose表所屬關(guān)系以外，在whom和which之前加of也可以表示所屬關(guān)系〔即ofwhom，ofwhich〕。這時(shí)名詞需要特指，應(yīng)加定冠詞，放在ofwhom和ofwhich之前或之后均可。which引導(dǎo)定語從句，用來指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，間或作定語。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，既可指人，也可指物，指人時(shí)可與who或whom互換，指物時(shí)可與which互換。在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語。作賓語時(shí)可以省略；作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞不能提到that之前。as引導(dǎo)定語從句主要用于兩種狀況：一種是限制性定語從句，先行詞由as，so，such，thesame修飾；另一種是②非限制性定語從句，其先行詞是整個(gè)主句，即as指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容?！?〕as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞前有as，so，such，thesame修飾；領(lǐng)先行詞前有as，so，such，thesame等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用as，它在從句中作主語或賓語?！玖粢狻浚孩僭趕o/such...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，that不作任何成分，只起引導(dǎo)作用。要留意和定語從句進(jìn)行區(qū)分。②thesame后有時(shí)用that，它表示“同一個(gè)，就是那一個(gè)〞；而as表示“與...一樣〞，但不是同一個(gè)。〔2〕as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其先行詞是整個(gè)主句。as也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞就是整個(gè)主句，它在定語從句中作主語、賓語。它引導(dǎo)的從句可以謂語主句前，也可以謂語主句后，還可以謂語主句中間。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，常見的固定表達(dá)：①asweallknow眾所周知；②asIcanremember正如我所記得的；③asoftenhappens這常常發(fā)生；④asweexpect正如我們預(yù)料的那樣；⑤asyousee這一點(diǎn)你明白；⑥ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述；⑦asiswellknown眾所周知；⑧aswasexpected正如預(yù)料的那樣；⑨ascanbeseen看得出來；⑩ashasbeensaidabove如上所述；?asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出來的那樣；?asweallcansee正如我們都能看到的那樣；?asisoftenthecase狀況常常如此；?aseverybodycando正像人人都能做到的那樣。三、使用定語從句時(shí)的考前須知〔1〕關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略；〔2〕關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)可省略；〔3〕關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，而介詞在從句句尾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略；①領(lǐng)先行詞是all，little，few，much，everything，nothing，none等不定代詞時(shí)；②領(lǐng)先行詞被all，every，no，little，few，much，theonly，thevery，theright，thelast等修飾時(shí)；③領(lǐng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、熊蓉次最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修試時(shí)；【留意】以上三種狀況有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，就是先行詞或先行詞之前的修飾語往往帶有“唯一〞概念或者“全部〞概念，以致無法作出選擇。由于關(guān)系代詞which原本也是疑問代詞，表示“哪一個(gè)〞，含有選擇意味，所以，關(guān)系代詞用that是最平安的選擇。④當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特別疑問句。①關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)；②在非限制性定語從句中；③先行詞本身就是that時(shí)；④關(guān)系代詞后有插入語時(shí)。①領(lǐng)先行詞為人稱代詞he，she，they或one(s)，anyone，nobody等指人的不定代詞時(shí)；②當(dāng)指人的先行詞是those，或先行詞被those所修飾時(shí)；③當(dāng)指人的先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)；④當(dāng)指人的先行詞和定語從句被其他成分分隔時(shí)；⑤當(dāng)指人的先行詞是由兩個(gè)定語從句修飾〔即雙重定語從句〕時(shí)，其次個(gè)從句只能用who/whom引導(dǎo)，不能用that。其次個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不行省略。⑥therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中先行詞指人時(shí)。①在特別疑問句中，假如開頭的疑問代詞是who，為了防止重復(fù)，定語從句宜使用that引導(dǎo)，而不用who。②領(lǐng)先行詞為疑問代詞who，which時(shí)。③當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，定語從句也不用who引導(dǎo)，而用that，或者省略關(guān)系代詞that。這一般是確認(rèn)性表語。④領(lǐng)先行詞同時(shí)包含人和物時(shí)。①一般來講，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)當(dāng)與前面的先行詞保持全都。②定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句影響，只須依據(jù)從句的狀況而定。③依據(jù)英語習(xí)慣，在一個(gè)句子中，假設(shè)主句謂語動詞已經(jīng)說明白所談?wù)摰臅r(shí)間，那么與之相關(guān)的其他從句的謂語動詞就不必再次指明同一時(shí)間，而往往使用一個(gè)比擬簡潔的時(shí)態(tài)，如用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)等。當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)，定語從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。四、語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞完成以下各句