高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語練習(xí)（北師大版閩粵皖京甘豫）UNIT5HUMANSANDNATURE（一）

必修第二冊UNIT5HUMANSANDNATURE(一)高考題型組合練(一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AForrecreationleagueathletes，there’snothingworsethanwhenoneofyourteammatesdropsoutatthelastarecreationleagueicehockey(冰上曲棍球)teaminEdmontonneededagoalie(守門員)，theygotasavefromanunlikelyhero.NelsonRego，whois100%blind，playsblindicehockeyfortheEdmonton“SeeHawks”andaccidentallymetanothergoalie，JohnHunter，whowasinquiringonlineaboutachestHuntergotinjured，andtryingtohelphisteamfindagoalieforaleaguegame，hereachedoutontheEdmontonGoaliesFacebookpage.“Nelsoncallsme，andhestartsoutwith，‘Hey，how’sthechestprotectorgoing？’”Hunterlatersharedabouttheremarkablestory.“ThenNelsoncontinues，‘Bytheway，I’mnotsureifthisisagoodideabutI’velearnedthatyou’relookingforagoaliesubstituteforyourleaguegamedoyouthinkaboutmeplaying？’”Theteamwas“allin”，soRegogotreadyforhisfirst-eversightedleaguematch.Accordingtotheplayers，theydidn’ttelltherefereeuntilthepuck(冰球)dropthattheirgoaliewasblind—informationwithwhichhedidn’treallyknowwhattodo.InaninterviewwithCTVEdmonton，Regoexplainshekeepshimselfcenteredinthegoalbymeasuringthedistancebetweenthepostswithhisstickandhisheusessoundtokeyintowherethepuckisandifit’sbeingchallenged，allthewhilehefollowsverbalinstructionsfromhislovingwifeEmelinda，inthestandstellingtheaction.ThegamewasbynomeansawashoutforRego，becauseeventhoughRego’steamlost，hehunginthereandearnedtherespectandadmirationoftheteam.ThisremarkablenightisjustonestepinRego’shockeycareerandhewantstogosays，“Ifit’ssomethingyouwanttodo，justdo’samazingtowatchhockey，butit’sevenbettertoplayit.”1．WhydidNelsonRegomakeacalltoJohnHunter?A．Toapplytobeagoaliesubstitute.B．Tosendhimanicechestprotector.C．Toinvitehimtoanicehockeygame.D．Toaskhimtolookforasightedgoalie.2．WhatdoesNelsonRegomainlyexplaininparagraph6?A．Hiswife’sdevotiontohisjob.B．Howheplaysasablindgoalie.C．Hisdeeploveforicehockey.D．Whyhedroppedapuckinagame.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“washout”inparagraph7probablymean?A．Gift. B．Fight.C．Change. D．Failure.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNelsonRego?A．Helpfulandmodest.B．Politeandgenerous.C．Ambitiousandactive.D．Talentedandhardworking.BStudyingtheDNAof300micehasflaggedup(引起對……的關(guān)注)geneswhichhavebeenlinkedtohereditary(遺傳的)sightlossforthefirstsaybecausemice’sgenesaresosimilartohumans’，theirfindingscouldleadtothetreatmentofmoregeneticdiseases.ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia，Davisstudiedinformationfromadatabankofmice’sgeneticfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems，withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.Onlyaround50to75percentofhereditaryeyediseasesinhumancanbeexplainedwithpresentresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother25－50percent.“Thisisextremelyvaluableforpeoplewithhereditaryeyedisease，”saidresearcherProfessorAlaMoshiri.“Allresearchersaregoingtostartusingthesethepast，weknewtheproblemwastherebutwedidn’tknowwheretoeyecenterscancallbackpatientsandscreenthemforthesenewexpectedthatmoreandmoreofthesegeneticdiseaseswillbetreatable.”Also，thefactisthatmorethan60percentofeyeproblemsatbirthareonesresultingfromthebaby’sparents!ThankstodatafromtheInternationalMousePhenotypingConsortium(IMPC)，whichistryingtoworkoutwhateverysinglegeneinamouseisresponsiblefor，withtheaimoftranslatingittohumans，scientistsaremovingclosertofiguringoutallgeneticcausesofdothis，scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalonghassofarbeendonemorethan7,000timesandhasachievedgreatarenowworkingalongsideeyecarecentersinTexasandIowainordertocomparethemice’sgenestothoseofpatients.5．Howmanyhereditary-sight-loss-relatedgeneswerenewlyfound?A．86. B．261.C．300. D．347.6．Whyisthepercentageofgeneticeyeproblemsmentionedinparagraph3?A．Toshowthesignificanceofstudyingmice’sgenes.B．Toprovemice’sgenesaresimilartohumans’．C．Towarnthehighrisklevelofsufferingthem.D．Toexplainhowcommontheyareamongpeople.7．Whatshouldscientistsdofirsttounlocksecretsofgeneticblindness?A．Comparehumans’geneswithmice’s.B．Recognizeeachgene’sroleofhumans.C．Setapartageneofamouseeachtime.D．Figureouteachgene’sfunctionofamouse.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．NewWaystoCureSightLossB．GeneticDiseasesDiscoveredinMiceC．GenesFoundBehindEyeProblemsD．Humans’GenesCausingEyeDiseasesC(2023·山西長治聯(lián)考)Humansareemotionalbeings，showingfeelingsinourbehaviorandfacialwhetherthesemeanthesamethingindifferentcultureshasbeenhotlyanewstudyhasfoundthatindifferentsocialcontexts，suchasweddings，funeralsandsports，peopleindeedshowuniversalfacialexpressions.Forthenewstudy，AlanCowen’steamusedamachinelearningmodel，DeepNeuralNetwork(DNN)，tosystematicallyanalyzefacialexpressionsinthousandsofdifferentcontextscomefrommorethansixmillionvideosuploadedtoYouTubebypeoplein144countries.FacialexpressionswereratedbyEnglishspeakersinIndiabyselectingapplicableemotionsfromalistof31labels，resultinginatotalof16distinctfacial，contextswereclassifiedinaseparateresultsshowedthatpeoplefromdifferentculturesshareabout70%ofthefacialexpressionsusedinresponsetodifferentsocialandemotionalsituations.“ThissupportsDarwin’stheorythatexpressingemotionsinourfacesisuniversalamonghumans，”thestudyco-leadauthorDacherKeltnersaid.“Thephysicaldisplayofouremotionsmaydefinewhoweareasaspecies，enhancingourcommunicationandcooperationskillsandensuringoursurvival.”However，LisaBarrett，fromtheNortheasternUniversityCollegeofSciencenotesthattheEnglishspeakersinIndiaweregiventheemotionalwordratingsratherthanlabelingtheexpressionsusedemotionlabelssuchas“anger”“fear”and“sadness”insteadofdescriptiveterms，therebyinferringtheemotionsbehindtheexpressions.Shefurthercommentsthattheraters(評定者)sawthefacesincontextswhichcan’tnecessarilybeseparatedfromtheemotionsthemselves，andthatthekeypointisthattheratersarefromjustonecountry.“TheultimatevalueofCowenandhiscolleagues’studymightlienotintheanswersitprovides，”sheconcludes，“butintheopportunityforfurtherdiscoverythatitopensup.”9．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．ThestudyisoppositetoDarwin’stheory.B．Peopleindifferentculturesshowsimilarfacialexpressions.C．Theteamconductedthestudybydownloadingfacialexpressions.D．Facialexpressionsandcontextswereclassifiedinthesameexperiment.10．HowdidAlanCowen’steamconductthestudy?A．Byusingalearningmachine.B．ByuploadingvideostoYouTube.C．Byanalyzingfacialexpressions.D．Byusingemotionlabels.11．WhatcanweinferfromDacherKeltner’swords?A．Socialsuccessisdependentonfacialexpressions.B．Facialexpressionshaveconstantlychangedovertime.C．Socialskillsreflecttheabilityofone’sexpressionmanagement.D．Facialexpressionsplayavitalroleinhumans’development.12．WhatisLisaBarrett’sattitudetowardsthestudy?A．Objective. B．Ambiguous.C．Critical. D．Contradictory.Ⅱ.七選五By2025，watershortagewillbeabigproblemforaboutbillionaworldwherewaterresourceisincreasinglyshort，nationscannotaffordtowasteit.1Afterweusewaterinourhomesandbusinesses，itiswashedaway，takingmanyvaluableresourceswithit.Wastewaterisrichincarbonandnutrients.2Anumberofnationsandmajorcitieshavealreadybuiltwastewatertreatmentcaneffectivelyrecovernutrientsandbio-energy，andproduce“newwater”thatcanbemorethan80%ofallwastewaterstillcurrentlyflowsintonaturalecosystems，pollutingtheenvironmentandtakingvaluablenutrientsandotherrecoverablematerialswithit.3ThisisstillbetterthanthesituationinsmallerLatinAmericancountries，thoselivinginsmallandmedium-sizedcitiesatmosttreatitintheformofseptictanks(化糞池)thatlackregularandpropermaintenance.Imaginethatoutsideoneofthesesmallcitiesliesalovelypieceofland：onthesurfaceitisaesthetically(美學(xué)地)builtandprovideshabitatsforlocalthesurfaceis