焊接控制手冊

焊接控制手冊--中英文對照版本資料僅限于中輝律接論壇發(fā)札使用，禁止在其它網(wǎng)站發(fā)布PROJECTFORCARBONSTEELPIPINGSUBCONTRACTNm;DocumentNotDocumentTitle：DacumentTibe:焊接控制手冊WELDINGCONTROLMANUALIssuedby:Tliisdocuicntistheproperly心f23rdCo.Itinustnotbeused,reproduced^transii^tedordisclosedwithou*thepriorwrittenpci^issicnof23rdCo.A:Identical□B:Modified□CtMew區(qū)1MsofpagesafAttadmeiits(Ifanyjareasfallows:Attactaentfio:0CJC.叫20041酬化白V.Status0白HChHkMbyBytfodiflcation-Observation目錄/CONTENT目的Purpose編寫依據(jù)Compilingbasis焊接工程師職責(zé)Responsibilityofweldingengineer焊接質(zhì)量檢查員職責(zé)Responsibilityofqualityinspector焊接工藝（PQR、WPS）weldingprocedure電焊工管理Weldermanagement焊接消耗品控制Weldingconsumablecontrol焊接追蹤程式計劃Weldtrackingplan附錄Attachment1） 焊接工藝指導(dǎo)書（WPS）WeldingProcedureSpecification2） Acceptancecriteriaforwelds焊縫驗收準(zhǔn)則3） 合格焊工登記表Registrationformforacceptedwelder4） 焊條日發(fā)放記錄表Recordformfordailyissuingrods5） 焊絲日發(fā)放記錄表Recordformfordailyissuingwires1、 目的Purpose為了確保CSPC南海石化項目管道焊接工程質(zhì)量，特編制此焊接控制手冊。WeestablishthisweldingcontrolmanualsoastoassureweldingprojectqualityforpipingofCSPCNanhaiPetrochemicalsProject.2、 編制依據(jù)BasisCSPC南海石化項目文件：CSPCNanhaiPetrochemicalsdocuments:1）PR-8710-0000-0025WeldingProgramProcedure《焊接計劃》）PR-8710-0000-0026WelderTrainingAndQualificationProcedure《焊工培訓(xùn)和資格評定》3)PR-8710-0000-0038WeldingControlProcedure《焊接控制程序》4)DEP30.10.60.18-CSPCWeldingofmetals5)GN-8710-3000-1002《電焊工考試與管理規(guī)則》(附件十二)GN-8710-3000-1002《electricwelderexaminationandmanagementregulation》(attachmenttwelve)美國機械工程師協(xié)會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineerCodes:ASMEB31.1、ASMEB31.3、ASMEIX國內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：nationalstandardGBJ50236-98、GB50235-973、現(xiàn)場焊接工程師職責(zé)responsibilityoffieldweldingengineer負責(zé)準(zhǔn)備、發(fā)布、保存被業(yè)主批準(zhǔn)的焊接程序、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范及焊工數(shù)據(jù)庫、程序資格認定測試、WPS以及PQR認定記錄。Responsibleforpreparing,issuing,keepingtheweldingprocedure,standard,specificationcoupledwithwelderdatabase,procedurequalificationtest,WPSandPQRrecognizancerecord,allofwhichmentionedaboveareauthorizedbyowner.保存用于合同項下與永久性工程有關(guān)的壓力管道每個焊接作業(yè)的焊接跟蹤系統(tǒng)(數(shù)據(jù)庫)。Preservingweldingtracksystermforeachweldingoperationofpressurepipingcorrelativetopermanentprojectundercontract.負責(zé)編制現(xiàn)場所有焊接資料，隨機抽查現(xiàn)場所有焊接活動及無損檢測活動。ResponsibleforeditingallweldingdataonsiteandrandomsamplingsiteweldingaswellasNDEactivity.負責(zé)項目竣工時將所有與焊接相關(guān)的文件和檔案提交資料室。Responsibleforsubmittingalldocumentsandfilescorrelativetoweldingtodataroomafterthecompletionofthisproject.4、 現(xiàn)場焊接質(zhì)量檢查員Weldingqualityinspectoronsite每日填寫、保存現(xiàn)場所有焊接活動記錄。Fillinginandkeepingtherecordsforfieldweldingactivityeveryday.根據(jù)要求提交每周焊接報告，報告內(nèi)容應(yīng)包含以下：Submittingweeklyweldingreportsinclusiveasperrequirements.Thereportshouldinclude:各焊工完成的焊接工作包含各種管線等級對焊、承插焊每周及累記工作量(以英寸表示)。Theweldingworkthathavebeencompletedbyeverywelderinclusiveofweeklyandaccumulatedworkingquantitiesforvariouspipelines,buttweldandsocketweld.(inch).返修數(shù)量包含焊工編號缺陷類型和每周及累計返修率。TherepairingquantitiesinclusiveofwelderNo.defecttypeandweeklyandaccumulatedrepairingrate.待返修數(shù)。Quantitiestoberepaired已完成NDE數(shù)量。NDEquantitiesthathavebeencompleted5、 焊接工藝weldingprocedure5.1.焊接方法weldingapproach管道直徑diameterofPiping接頭類型typeofjoint厚度范圍thickness焊接方法weldingapproachSWSMAWK2〃BWGTAWBWt<6mmGTAWZ2〃BWt>6mmGTAW+SMAWSWSMAW焊接工藝評定（PQR）PQR的編制原則應(yīng)符合國標(biāo)4708-2000及ASMEIX卷規(guī)定，對我公司己有適合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求和與業(yè)主圖紙要求的成熟工藝，不再重新評定。PQRshouldbeeditedinprincipleofinternationalstandardandstipulatedasperASMEIX.Fortheprocedureasappliedtorequirementsofstandardandowneraswellasthedrawinginourcompany,weshallnotre-assess.焊接工藝指導(dǎo)書（WPS）WPS的編制原則是參照合格的PQR執(zhí)行。WPS格式參見附錄1WPSshallbeeditedinreferencetoPQR.WPSformatSeeAttashment1.NoJointTypeSizeBasemetalWeldinglocationWeldingmethodHeattreat.Evaluation.CodeRemark1BW①21.3x2.77A106GrB5GTGTAWASMEJB4708-2000Tobedone2BW①168x6.02A106GrB5GTGTAW+SMAWASMEJB4708-2000TobedoneBW①219x20.62A106GrB5GTGTAW+SMAWPWHTASME、JB4708-92ReportNoY95-049BW①60.3x3.91A335Cr-P115GTGTAWPWHTASME、JB4708-92Y95-029BW①114x6.02A335Cr-P115GTGTAW+SMAWPWHTASME、JB4708-92Y95-027BW①168x10.9A335Cr-P115GTGTAW+SMAWPWHTASME、JB4708-92Y95-028BW①21.3x7.47A335Cr-P225GTGTAWPWHTASME、JB4708-92Y95-040BW①48.3x5.08A335Cr-P225GTGTAW+SMAWPWHTASME、JB4708-92Y95-042BW①114.3x15.3A335Cr-P225GTGTAW+SMAWPWHTASME、JB4708-92Y95-044BW①168x25.4A335Cr-P225GTGTAW+SMAWPWHTASME、JB4708-92Y95-048BW①325x12.47A335Cr-P225GTGTAW+SMAWPWHTASME、JB4708-92Y95-047焊工評定welderqualification對于我公司進場的焊工，需是通過取得國家勞動局認可的合格證件的焊工，并通過現(xiàn)場資格認證測試后，才能進場施工，從事相應(yīng)焊接位置的焊接工作。Ourwelderscannotbemobilizedtositeinvolvingintheweldingworkonproperlypositionunlesstheyobtaintheacceptablecertificateasrecognizedbylabourbureauandpassfieldqualificationtest5.5.焊接準(zhǔn)備weldingpreparation依據(jù)批準(zhǔn)的承包商通用焊接標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（GWS）進行焊接準(zhǔn)備。InitiatingweldingpreparationasperGWSauthorizedbycontractor.5.6.施焊工序flowprocedureforweldingi 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NDEYESu原處汀市Qualityrecord先決條件檢查pre-conditioninspection5.6.1.1母材和焊材的查核，要求如下:requirementsforbasematerialsandfillermetalareasfollows:焊材生產(chǎn)廠家要經(jīng)BSF審核資質(zhì)；Weldingmaterialmanufacturer'squalificationmustheexaminebyBSF.母材和焊材必須具有相應(yīng)的標(biāo)識代號；BasematerialandfillermetalmustbeprovidedwithmarkingNo.asappropriate.母材和焊材必須具有相應(yīng)的材質(zhì)證明書；并根據(jù)材質(zhì)證明書檢查爐批號、規(guī)格、表面質(zhì)量或包裝等項目。WeldingmaterialandbasematerialmustbequalifiedwithcorrelativequalitycertificatebasedonwhichinspectingbatchNo,Specification,surfacequalityorwrappingandthelikeitems.5.6.1.2焊接工藝指導(dǎo)書及焊工資格：WPSandwelderqualification焊接工藝指導(dǎo)書被批準(zhǔn)，焊工通過資格考試。WPSisauthorizedandwelderpasstheexamintation.5.6.1.3焊接及熱處理設(shè)備(必須通過標(biāo)定合格的設(shè)備)。Weldingequipmentandheattreatmentequipment(mustbemarkedconformance)坡口及清潔度。Grooveandcleanness對接接頭的坡口準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)應(yīng)符合批準(zhǔn)的WPS，并按照WPS準(zhǔn)備一個合適的坡口，以確保正確焊透。GroovepreparationofjointsshouldbeinconformancewithWPSASapprovedandproperlygroovemustbepreparedinaccordancewiththeWPSsoastoassurecorrectpenetration.焊接坡口應(yīng)無污物、鐵銹、銹皮、潤滑油、泥士、油漆以及任何可能的局部凹凸不平，清理范圍應(yīng)在焊口兩側(cè)內(nèi)、夕卜管表面至少20mm。Theweldinggrooveshouldbefreeoffilth,rust,lubricant,soil,paintandanypossibleaccidented.Thescopeofcleaningmustbewithinatleast20mmonthesurfaceinsideandoutsidethepipeoftwosidesofgroove.焊接熱處理人員資格Weldingheattreatmentpersonnelqualification該工程中的所有焊接熱處理人員必須有相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗，通過相關(guān)的資格培訓(xùn)，并取得相應(yīng)的資格。Inthisproject,weldingheattreatmentpersonnelshallhavetherelevantworkingexperiences,andpasstherelevanttrainingsandobtaincorrespondingqualification.焊接熱處理人員必須按照焊接工藝規(guī)程相關(guān)要求及熱處理工藝規(guī)程進行工作。Weldingheattreatmentpersonnelshallperformtheworkaccordingtoweldingprocedurespecificationrequirementandheattreatmentprocessregulation若需要，需裝配氬氣室Ifrequired,AssemblingArgonroom如果焊接需要內(nèi)部保護氣體，保護氣體純度應(yīng)符合經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的WPS要求。預(yù)制時，可制作氬氣室保護。保護氣體排氣孔應(yīng)位于頂部。進氣孔可位于中部或底部。如圖Internalgasbackingofwelds,whenrequired,shallbeinaccordancewiththeWPS.Whenprefabricated,theargongasbackingmaybemade.Ventsforpurgegasshouldbelocatedatthetop.TheinletmaybecenteredoratPrefabricatedweld組對fitup5.6.3.1組對時工具要求：碳素鋼所使用的手工工具(砂輪、鋼絲刷等)不得用于奧氏體鋼。不銹鋼絲刷只能用于不銹鋼或臬合金。Toolsrequirementswhilefittingup:Manualtools(grindingwheel,steelwirebrush)usedforcarbonsteelbutnotausteniticsteel.Stainlesssteelbrushisonlyusedforstainlesssteelornickelalloy.5.6.3.2對于碳鋼，允許自動氧切割，在進行手工氧氣切割之后，應(yīng)使用砂輪機去除氧化物2mm，并在組對前進行外觀檢查。Thecarbonispermittedauto-oxygen2mmcutting.Afterperformingmanualoxygencutting,usegrindingmachinetodemolishoxidandinitiatedvisualinspectionpriortoassemble.5.6.3.3不銹鋼坡口加工一般采用機加工的方法，若采用等離子切割坡口時，要用砂輪機將被切割面打磨掉2mm以上。Stainlessstellgrooveadoptcoldmachiningcommonly,ifplasmatoincisegroovethatneedtopolishonthesurfacewhichbeincisedover2mmwithgrindingwheel.5.6.3.4耐熱型低合金鋼和高合金鋼易采用冷加工方法。若采用熱加工方法，對影響焊接質(zhì)量的表面層，應(yīng)用冷加工方法去除。Refractorylowalloysteelandhigh-alloysteeleaseincoldmachining.Ifheatmachining,itshouldwipeoffthesurfacelayerwhicheffectstheweldingqualitywithcoldmachining.5.6.3.5壁厚相同的管子、管件組對時，應(yīng)使內(nèi)壁齊平，其錯邊量最大不應(yīng)超過1.6mm。Whilefitting-uppipeandpipematerialwiththesamethickness,itsmaxmisalignmentshouldnotexceed1.6mm.5.6.3.6組對過程中，焊件應(yīng)放置穩(wěn)固，防止焊接時發(fā)生變形，點焊時應(yīng)與正式焊的工藝要求相同，點固焊的長度為6-12mm，高為2-4mm,至少3處以上。點固焊的焊縫不得有裂紋等缺陷，焊接過程中，點固焊的兩端宜磨成緩坡形或完全清除，以使焊點與焊縫熔為一體。Weldmentshouldbeplacedsteadyintheprocessofassemblingsoastopreventdistortionwhilewelding.Tackweldingmustconformtoformalweldingrequirementswithlengthof6-12mmandheightof2-4mm,atleast3positions.theweldlineshouldnothavecrackandthelikedefectsandbothsidesshouldbepolishedslopeorfullycleanedoutduringweldingsothatthecompletefusionbetweentackweldandweldline.5.6.3.7采用臨時墊塊或臨時點焊或其他合適的方式正確裝配以便焊接。在進行點固焊接時，臨時墊塊應(yīng)與母材相匹配。Properlyfittingupwithtemporaryblockortackweldingorotherappropriatemannerssoastoweld.Thetemporaryblockshouldbematchedwithbasematerial.5.6.3.8臨時點焊只能由合格的焊工按照批準(zhǔn)的焊接程序規(guī)范參數(shù)進行。TackweldsshallonlybemadebyqualifiedweldersusingtheparametersofanapprovedWPS.5.6.3.9不得將臨時墊塊直接從母材上敲掉?？梢杂萌魏芜m當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄈコR時墊塊，去除后應(yīng)對母材進行打磨。如果采用熱切割方式取下附件，應(yīng)至少留3mm進行打磨去除，并對打磨區(qū)進行外觀缺陷目視檢查。發(fā)現(xiàn)的所有缺陷均應(yīng)通過再次打磨去除，必要時進行補焊。重新焊接應(yīng)按照經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的合格焊接程序進行。Temporaryblocksshallnotbeknockedoffbasematerial.Theblockmayberemovedbyanysuitablemeans,followedbypolishingonthebasematerial.Whenthermalcuttingisusedtoremoveaccessories,atleast3mmshallbeleftforfinishremovalbygrindingandthegroundareashallbevisuallyexaminatedfordefects.Anydefectsfoundshallberemovedbyadditionalgrindingandrewelded,ifnecessary.ReweldingshallbeperformedwithaqualifiedWPS.5.6.3.10在打底焊之前，應(yīng)仔細地檢查坡口的清潔度后，再進行底焊。Seriouslyinspectingthecleannessofgroovepriortobottomwelding.若需要預(yù)熱Ifrequired,preheating5.6.4.1當(dāng)需要預(yù)熱時，應(yīng)檢查焊前預(yù)熱溫度是否達到WPS的要求WeshouldinspectthepreheattemperaturewhetherornotachievetherequirementofWPSwhenneedtopreheat,5.6.4.2預(yù)熱溫度應(yīng)采用測溫筆、熱電偶高溫計或其它合適的方法進行檢查，以保證在焊前達到規(guī)定的溫度并在焊接過程中保持這一溫度，指示溫度的材料和技術(shù)不應(yīng)對母材有不良影響。Preheattemperatureshouldbeinspectedwiththermoscopepenorthermocouplepyrometerorothermethod,whichensureachievingthestipulatetemperaturebeforeweldingandmustkeepthistemperatureintheprogressofwelding.Thematerialandtechnologyofindicationtemperatureshouldnotblightthebasematerial.5.6.4.3局部預(yù)熱時，預(yù)熱區(qū)域應(yīng)伸出焊縫每側(cè)至少25mm。Preheatareashouldspreadweldinglineoutatleast25mmeverysidewhenpartpreheat.5.6.5焊接：焊縫經(jīng)由取得國家認可資質(zhì)并經(jīng)過技能測試合格的焊工施焊，具體工藝參照“WPS”焊接工藝指導(dǎo)書。Welding:Weldingmustbemadebythewelderwhoacquirednationalqualificationandpassskilltest.Thedetailsaboutprocedureshouldreferto"WPS”.5.6.5.1焊接位置只能在批準(zhǔn)的焊接程序規(guī)范指定的位置進行焊接。WeldingshallbeperformedonlyinthepositionsspecifiedintheapprovedWPS.5.6.5.2施焊過程中應(yīng)控制層間溫度不超過規(guī)定的范圍。當(dāng)焊件需要預(yù)熱時，焊件在整個焊接過程中應(yīng)不低于預(yù)熱溫度。Theprocessofweldingshouldcontroltheinterpasstemperaturenottoexcesstherangeofprovsion.Itmustlowinpreheattemperaturealltheweldingprocesswhenweldmaterialneedtopreheat.5.6.5.3每條焊縫應(yīng)盡可能一次焊接完。若焊接中斷，在恢復(fù)焊接前應(yīng)進行WPS中規(guī)定的預(yù)熱。Exerteveryefforttoaccomplisheachweldinglineonetime.ItshouldpreheatbasisWPSqulifacationbeforeweldingifweldinginterrupt.5.6.5.4對P-No4、P-No5A的合金鋼焊縫中間熱處理應(yīng)在焊后立即進行，若焊后立即進行熱處理則可不做中間熱處理。WeldofP-No4P-No5Aalloysteelshouldintermediateheattreatmentimmediatelyafterwelding,itcannottointermediateheattreatmentifheattreatmentimmediatelyafterwelding.P-No4、P-No5A的合金鋼焊縫在焊接完成后不能立刻進行PWHT,焊縫從焊接溫度開始冷卻前先進行中間熱處理。厚度介于10mm--30mm，中間熱處理將按如下執(zhí)行。IffinalPWHTisnotcarriedoutimmediatelyaftercompletionofwelding,anintermediateheattreatmentshallbeperformedpriortoallowingtheweldtocoolfromweldingtemperature.Forthicknessbetween10and30mm,intermediateheattreatmentshallbeperformedasfollows.PlateThickness(mm)150°C(hr)200°C(hr)250°C(hr)300°C(hr)10-206321.520-3010753厚度超過30mm，焊縫在冷卻到環(huán)境溫度前先按600—620°C進行中間熱處理，保溫時間1hr/25mm以實際厚度為準(zhǔn)。Forthicknessover30mm,anintermediateheattreatmentshallbeperformedat600-620°Cfor1hr/25mmofnominalthicknesspriortocoolingtoambienttemperature.5.6.6焊后檢驗postweldinspection5.6.6.1焊工焊接過程和焊口完成之后都應(yīng)對自己所焊的焊縫進行自檢，消除層間缺陷及清理防礙檢查的渣皮，飛濺物，接受焊接檢查員的外觀檢查。DuringWeldingandpostweldingline,theweldersshouldself-inspectweldingcrackandeliminatedefectsamonglayersandcleanspatterstogetherwiththevisualinspectionofweldinginspector.5.6.6.2焊縫外觀檢查應(yīng)按照ASMEB31.3，表K341.3.2規(guī)定的焊縫驗收準(zhǔn)則(附錄2)。焊縫外表面在允許高度以及與母材連接方面都應(yīng)是合格的。角焊縫的尺寸應(yīng)如有關(guān)圖紙所示的那樣。假如是承插接頭，則不能熔融承口的邊緣。WeldingvisualinspectionshallconformtoweldingacceptancerulesasspecifiedinK341.3.2ofASMEB31.3(Attashment2).Weldexteriorwithintheallowedheightaswellastheaspectofconnectingwithbasematerialmustbeaccepted.Thedimensionoffilletweldingshallconformtodrawings.Itisotallowedtofusetheedgeofsocketifsocketjointsareused.5.6.6.3焊縫完成之后，焊接檢查員和施工班組應(yīng)在探傷前在距焊縫邊緣50mm處及時的標(biāo)明焊縫編號和焊工代號，并由焊接檢查員核對焊接位置，做好工作記錄。Followingthecompletionofwelding,weldinginspectorandconstrucionteamshalltimelymarkweldNo.andwelderNo.Onthepointsthatanyfromtheedgeofweldswith50mm,priortoradiographictest,thentheinspectorshallcheckweldingpositionanddowelltherecords.5.6.7焊后熱處理Post-weldheattreatment(PWHT)5.6.7.1不同的管道級別持有不同的PWHT溫度，同ASMEB31.3規(guī)定范圍一致。PipeclasseshavingastatedrangeoftemperatureinthePWHTcolumnshallbeheattreatedinaccordancewithASMEB31.3atthestatedrange.管道級別為P-No1的碳鋼管道，焊縫厚度>19mm,PWHT溫度為593-649°C，分/mmoP-Number1carbonsteelPipeClassesannotatedwith“PWHT”shallbeheattreatedwhentheweldthickness>19at593-649°Cfor2.4minutes/mm.所有的P-No4的低合金鋼管道(1.25Cr-0.5Mo)熱處理溫度704-746°C,2.4分/mm。AllP-Number4lowalloysteel(1.25Cr-0.5Mo)shallbeheattreatedat704-746°Cfor2.4minutes/mm.所有的P-No5A的低合金鋼管道(2.25Cr-1Mo)熱處理溫度704-760°C,2.4分/mm。AllP-Number5Alowalloysteel(2.25Cr-1Mo)shallbeheattreatedat704-760°Cfor2.4minutes/mm.5.6.7.2提供焊后熱處理操作的時間一溫度圖(焊后熱處理圖)Time-temperaturecharts(Postweldheattreatmentcharts)ofeachpostweldheat-treatingoperationshallbeprovide.5.6.7.3焊后熱處理(PWHT)應(yīng)按照承包商通用焊接標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及批準(zhǔn)的適用焊接程序中的規(guī)范進行。焊接后熱處理之后進行的修復(fù)焊縫需要重新進行焊后熱處理，不得對焊縫進行兩次以上的PWHToHeattreatment(PWHT)shallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththecontractorsGeneralWeldingstandard,andwithintherangestatedontheapplicableapprovedWPS.WeldsrepairedafterPWHT.WeldsshallnotbePWHTmorethantwice.5.6.8焊縫的無損探傷：包括液體滲透、磁粉探傷、射線照相，檢查的具體要求按圖紙和規(guī)定要求。Non-destructivetestforwelding:includeliquidpenetranttest,magneticparticletest,rayradiographytest,thedetailsareasperdrawingsandstipulations.5.6.8.1抽查位置由我公司焊接質(zhì)檢員確定。Thespot-checkpositionshouldbedirectedbyourqualityinspector5.6.9返修：進行無損探傷的焊縫其不合格部位必須返修，返修后，按原規(guī)定進行檢驗。同一部位返修次數(shù)不能超過兩次。Repair:therejectedpartsofweldsafterperformingNDTmustberepairedfollowingwhichtheinspectionshallbeinitiatedasperformerstipulation.Therepairingratesforthesamepartshouldnotexceedtwotimes.5.6.10復(fù)驗：同前次檢驗相同。Re-inspection:thesametothelastinspection5.6.11最終檢查：應(yīng)符合本方案5.6.6相同。Finalinspection:itshouldinconformancewith5.6.6ofthisprogram5.7工藝要求procedurerequirements5.7.1焊接時，應(yīng)保證焊接區(qū)不受惡劣天氣的影響，手工電弧焊風(fēng)速不大于8米/秒，鎢極氬彌焊不大于2米/秒，下雨等，應(yīng)采取適當(dāng)保護措施，例如搭棚、防潮等，如果不能搭棚、防潮得暫時停止焊接。ToassureweldingareapreventfromadverseweatherManualArcWeldingwindspeedcannotexceed8mm,Gastungstenarcweldingcannotbeyond2meter/minute.incaseofrain,theprecautionsmustbetaken,suchasbuildshed,dampproof.Theweldingmustbetemporarilysuspendedifcannotbuildshedanddampproof.5.7.2如果接頭表面潮濕，要求通過加熱噴燈、批準(zhǔn)的溶劑、預(yù)熱設(shè)備或其他設(shè)計批準(zhǔn)的方法進行干燥。Ifthesurfaceofjointsishumid,dryingitasrequiredbyheatingblowtorch,approvedsolvent,pre-heatequipmentorotherapproveddesignapproaches.5.7.3焊接組對時，用點固焊及固定卡具焊接的焊縫，選用的焊接材料及工藝應(yīng)與正式相同。Whilefittingup,theweldsthatusetackweldandfixedcliptoweldingchoosethesameweldingmaterialsaswellasprocedureastheformalone.5.7.4不得隨意在焊件表面引彌，以避免電彌擦傷等缺陷。對于出現(xiàn)的電彌擦傷，應(yīng)及時采用打磨、焊補等方法修補。必要時，可做一下滲透檢查。Arcstrikesoutsideoftheweldarenotpermitted.Incaseofarcstrikesappear,itmustbeimmediatelygrindedrepaired,andthepenetrationtest,ifnecessary.6焊工管理weldermanagement焊工資格認證Welderqualification焊工資格認定測試應(yīng)依據(jù)施工程序PR-8710-0000-0026執(zhí)行。焊工通過承包商現(xiàn)場資格認證測試后，將指定給每個承包商焊工—個唯一的個人身份識別號(ID)，用于標(biāo)識焊工進行的所有焊接。WelderqualificationtestingwillbeconductedinaccordancewithconstructionprocedurePR-8710-0000-0026.Followingsuccessfulqualificationatthecontractorssitetestingfacility,eachcontractorwelderwillbeassignedauniquepersonalidentificationnumber(ID),whichshallbeusedtoidentifyallweldsmadebythewelder.焊接程序weldingprocedure-焊工應(yīng)有責(zé)任知道對他分派的焊接作業(yè)所采用的程序。任何焊工不得采用未考核通過的焊接工藝。Itisthewelder’sresponsibilitytoknowthepoceduretobeusedonthewelder(s)heisassignedtomake.Nowelderispermittedtoweldwithaprocedureheisnotfullyqualifiedtouse.接頭裝配jointfit-up確保正確清潔接頭并將其對準(zhǔn)。如果由于任何原因而未正確裝配接頭，未經(jīng)焊接工程師同意，不得進行焊接。Besurethatthejointtobeweldedisproperlycleanedandcorrectlyaligned.Ifanyreasonthejointisnotproperlyfit-up,donotattempttowelditwithoutpriorapprovalfromtheweldingengineer.焊工資格認證Welderqualification控制焊料的領(lǐng)取，確保將正確的焊料用于焊接指定的接頭。損壞、潮濕或未經(jīng)確認的焊料應(yīng)立即返還給焊接工程師或工長。Disbursalofweldingfillermetalhasbeencontrolledtoassurethatthecorrectfillermetalwillbeusedtoweldanygivenjoint.Damaged,wet,orunidentifiedfillermetalshallbeimmediatelyreturnedtotheweldingengineerofforeman.預(yù)熱溫度和層間溫度preheatandinterpasstemperature焊接程序規(guī)定最彳氐預(yù)熱溫度和層間溫度。焊工應(yīng)有責(zé)任知道這些溫度要求并確保遵循這些要求。Weldingprocedurespecifiespreheatminimumsandinterpasstempraturemaximums.Itisthewelder'sresponsibilitytoknowthesetemperaturerequirementsandassurethattheyarebeingfollowed.臨時點焊tackwelding臨時點焊應(yīng)整潔有效。點焊應(yīng)有足夠距離以防止焊縫間距的閉合。應(yīng)去除有缺陷的點焊并重新進行合格的點焊。Alltackweldingshallbedoneinaneatandeffectivemanner.Tackweldsshallbeofsufficientlengthtopreventclosingoftheweldspacing.Faultytackweldsshallberemovedandreplacedwithacceptabletackwelds.6.7焊接完成（結(jié)束）weldout對每個連續(xù)焊層均應(yīng)進行視覺缺陷檢查。繼續(xù)焊接之前，應(yīng)去除發(fā)現(xiàn)的任何缺陷。應(yīng)將母材再現(xiàn)的裂縫、分層及孔眼等缺陷情況報告給焊接工程師。Eachsuccessiveweldpassshallbecheckedforvisibledefects.Anydefectsnotedshallberemovedbeforecontinuingtheweld.Defectsappearinginthebasematerial,cracks,laminationsandholes,etc.shallbebroughttheattentionoftheweldingengineer.電彌損傷arcstrikes母材上焊接區(qū)的電彌損傷可能引起應(yīng)力集中，從而導(dǎo)致材料失效。因此，嚴(yán)禁在焊接坡口外引燃電彌。電彌必須在焊接坡口內(nèi)引燃。Arcstrikesonthebasemetaloutsidetheweldzonemaycausestressconcentrationswhichcouldresultinmaterialfailure,therefore,arcstrikesoutsideoftheweldgroovearenotpermitted.Thearcmustbestruckwithintheweldgroove.承插焊接socketwelds確保管道和承窩之間有適當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x（1/16英寸1/18英寸間距）。承插接縫上至少要有兩個焊層。第二層的起點應(yīng)與第一層的起點或終點錯開。Assurethatthecorrectspaceisusedbetweenthepipeendandsocketbase(1/16in,1/8-inchgap).Asaminimumtwopassesarerequiredonsocketjoints.Thestartingpointforthesecondpassshallbestaggeredfromthestartingorendingpointofthefirstpass.最終清潔finalcleaning焊工焊好焊縫之后，應(yīng)將所有焊接作業(yè)，包括管道、支撐件、吊架、結(jié)構(gòu)組件等上的焊渣徹底清除，并進行缺陷目視檢查，如：表面氣孔、咬邊、余高不足或過高等。Allweldsincludingpipe,supports,hangers,structuralmembers,etc.shallbethoroughlycleanedofslagandvisuallychecke