姜東《黃河古渡涼水岸》閱讀練習(xí)及答案

姜東《黃河古渡涼水岸》閱讀練習(xí)及答案

黃河古渡涼水岸姜東九曲黃河萬里沙，萬里黃河渡口多。黃河是中國的母親河，它孕育了中華民族的繁榮昌盛。黃河的第一個(gè)渡口在青海省的瑪多縣城邊上，那里的河水淺得可以讓藏族同胞的牛羊輕而易舉地踏過黃河。黃河流經(jīng)青海、寧夏、內(nèi)蒙、陜北、山西等地，保留了大量的古渡口遺跡，臨津渡、金城渡、橫城渡、風(fēng)陵渡、孫口渡、大禹渡、茅津渡等等，這些古渡口留下了許多美妙的傳說和故事。黃河沿岸的每個(gè)古渡都和戰(zhàn)爭密切相關(guān)，一些甚至與少數(shù)民族有關(guān)。河包坪渡口、拐上渡口、川口渡口、俊店渡口、辛關(guān)渡口、孫口渡口以及位于陜西延川縣東南部的清水關(guān)渡口，在抗日戰(zhàn)爭、解放戰(zhàn)爭以及和平建設(shè)年代都曾經(jīng)發(fā)揮過重要作用。在漫長的歷史歲月中，那些生活在內(nèi)蒙古、青藏高原的少數(shù)民族，是否就是通過這些黃河古渡口而“南下牧馬”的呢？延河入黃口的涼水岸，過去也是個(gè)重要的渡口，上游距乾坤灣45公里，下游距壺口瀑布37公里。相傳在上古時(shí)期，這里是大禹治水的活動區(qū)域，現(xiàn)在還流傳著堯舜訪賢、大禹治水和黃河仙子的故事，村里現(xiàn)存禹王廟和禹王坪渡口遺址，此地曾為軍事要塞，商賈云集，店面林立。涼水岸村坐落在山坳里，是一個(gè)歷史悠久、民風(fēng)淳樸、風(fēng)景秀麗的村子，黃河水從村旁緩緩流過。涼水岸自然風(fēng)光優(yōu)美，有天然石林450畝，黃河濕地1200畝，土窯土炕土圍墻，體現(xiàn)出原汁原味原生態(tài)村落的古樸、寂靜、蒼涼之美。涼水岸曾一度歷經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火，河防軍民同仇敵愾，譜寫了一曲保衛(wèi)黃河的抗戰(zhàn)凱歌。1938年3月，蕭軍從平渡關(guān)渡過黃河，經(jīng)過涼水岸，第一次到達(dá)延安。1944年6月，王震在涼水岸接美國記者福爾曼一行赴延安采訪。走進(jìn)涼水岸的秋天，一條潺潺的山泉流淌在村中的山坳間。沿著坎坷不平的山路，來到長滿了花椒樹、棗樹的河灘地，紅彤彤一片，綴滿了大大小小的果實(shí)，鳥雀在枝頭飛來飛去。古樸的土窯洞、干凈寬敞的院落，錯(cuò)落有致，整齊排列。狗吠雞鳴聲不絕于耳，各家各戶的院子里，曬滿了紅紅的花椒，整個(gè)村子彌漫在濃香花椒味中。站在村頭眺望，涼水岸與天盡頭的大山相望，中間是緩緩流淌的延河水；與平渡關(guān)相望，中間是滾滾奔騰的黃河水。延河與黃河在天盡頭的交匯是那樣的淡靜，那樣的平緩，那樣的從容。WalkingalongthebanksoftheYellowRiver,Icouldn'thelpbutfeelconfusedasIgazeduponthecalmwaters.IsthistheYellowRiverthatIhavealwaysdreamedof?Themightyriverwithitsmagnificentpowerandbreathtakingbeauty?TheYellowRiverthatIhavelongedforisnotlikethisatall.Itshouldberoaringandsurging,thunderingandawe-inspiring,withechoesreverberatingthroughthemountainsandamyriadofspectacularscenes,likeathousandhorsesgallopingtowardsme...Buthere,theYellowRiverwassopeaceful.AsIwalkeddownstreamalongtheriverbank,Isawmanylargeandbeautifulrocksscatteredaround.Somelookedlikelyingcows,somelikeflocksofsheep,somelikecitygates,somelikeferries,somelikemountains,andsomelikehugebedsorbooks.Together,theyformedanaturallandscapepaintingoftheYellowRiver'srockyshore.ReturningtothevillageofLiangshuianonthebanksofthecoolwater,IlookedaroundandsawaprominentmountainpeakdownstreamoftheYellowRiverthatresembledanoldman'shead.CouldthisbetheincarnationofDayu?Ishewatchingoverhismother,theYellowRiver?AsIlookedatthevariousshapesandsizesofrocksontheriverbankandthesteeppeaksandvalleys,myheartwasfilledwithexcitement.Couldsuchapicturesquerockyshorehavebeenformedwithoutbillionsofyearsoferosionandpolishing?13.ThearticledescribestheancientYellowRiverferrycrossings,whichhavealonghistoryandmanywonderfullegends.Theywerealsocloselyrelatedtowarsandsomeethnicminoritiesplayedimportantrolesinbothwarandpeacetimes.14.ThearticlefirstintroducestheancientYellowRiverferrycrossingsingeneral,andthenfocusesontheLiangshuianferrycrossing.15.(1)Fromasensoryperspective,theauthorvividlydescribesthemagnificent,rustic,andvibrantbeautyofthesurroundingsofLiangshuian,usingvisual,auditory,andolfactoryimagery.(2)Usingthemetaphoricalrhetoricaldevice,theauthorvividlydepictsthevariousshapesandstylesoftheYellowRiver'srockyshore.16.Thereasonfortheauthor'sconfusionintheseventhparagraphisthattheauthor'simpressionoftheYellowRiveristhatitshouldbepowerfulandmagnificent,buttheYellowRiveratLiangshuianiscalmandunexpected.17.Attheendofthearticle,wh