英語語法介詞

Welcometojoinus!介詞什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？1.Lookat

me.()2.Hegoestoschoolby

bike.()3.Heisinterestedin

drawing.()代詞名詞

動(dòng)名詞

介詞:通常用在_________、_______、_______

之前，表示某個(gè)人、事物/東西、事件與另一個(gè)之間的_________。代詞名詞動(dòng)名詞關(guān)系介詞總述介詞的作用：

Thereisapicturehangsonthewallofmybedroomintheupstairsofmyhouse.

去掉介詞后Thereisapicturehangs

thewall

mybedroom

theupstairsmyhouse.如果沒有介詞，一個(gè)句子只是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的堆積。介詞的主要分類：1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptember1st___________4.laughforjoy,beangryathiswords________5.bytheway,atlast,intheend_________地點(diǎn)介詞方式介詞時(shí)間介詞固定搭配原因介詞表示地點(diǎn)方位的介詞方位介詞基本圖示:介詞on●on

“在…上”與物體表面接觸▼↓beneathbeneath

“在…下”與物體表面幾乎接近或接觸，有時(shí)與under互換over●over

“在…垂直上方”●underunder

“在…垂直下方”above

“在…上方”（泛指）不一定垂直●belowabove●below

“在…下方”（泛指）不一定垂直●inin“在…里”在內(nèi)部或在其中

intointo

“進(jìn)入”

(動(dòng)態(tài)介詞)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向,常用在表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞后,如walk,jump,runoutof

是into的反義詞“從…出來”

outofon“在…上”是指兩事物表面上的接觸，強(qiáng)調(diào)要接觸(其后的名詞通常被看作是一個(gè)面或線)

onthefarm\thefloor\one’sfacein“在…

里”（其后的名詞通常被看作是一個(gè)三維空間）

intheroom\thecage\thesky\thegardenat“在…處”（其后的名詞通常被看作是一個(gè)點(diǎn)）

athome\school\theairport\thebus-stop對(duì)比：

Hestayedatahotelbythelake.Hestayedinahotelbythelake.

他住在湖邊的一家酒店里。（把旅店看作是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)時(shí)，用at;當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)住在一個(gè)建筑物內(nèi)時(shí)用in）_____thetree_____thetree____thetree_____thetreeoverunderbelowaboveover“在…垂直上方”under“在…垂直下方”我們頭上有一盞燈。Thereisalightoverourheads.桌子下面是什么？What’sthatunderthetable?above“在…上方（泛指）”below“在…下方（泛指）”above\belowzero零上\零下above\belowthesealevel高于海平面\低于海平面主要用于表示溫度、高度以及有縱向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可比的情況Aboatis_______thebridge.___thebridge,thereare2people.underOn在……的上面,與表面接觸在……下面,與表面不接觸Thereisabridge_____theriver.over在…正上方，與表面不接觸Hello,IamXiaoxin!Iam6yearold.Xiaoxinisaboy_____12yearsold.underunder還可以用于數(shù)字方面1.Thereisamapoftheworld__thewall.

2.Thechildhidhimself________thedoor.3.Therearetwohugetrees_________thebuilding.4.Theplaneflew____theclouds.5.Thetemperatureis10℃_____zero.6.MissGaowalk___theclassroom.onintobehindbelowinfrontofExcises:把下列表格中的介詞填入橫線中，不得重復(fù)onbehindinfrontofoverbelowintoLook!Beckhamisinthefrontofthecar!Beckham’swifeisinfrontofthecar!在…前面/方（范圍外）=before在……前部（范圍內(nèi)）1)Thereisabigtree____________thehouse.

2)Adriverdrives________________thebus.infrontofinthefrontof1地點(diǎn)介詞辨析（inthefrontof,infrontof）inthefrontof“在一個(gè)范圍的（前部）”

infrontof“在…的前面”1)at+___________________2)in+____________________________atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreetinShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,inspace,intheuniverse2地點(diǎn)介詞辨析（at,on,in）小地方(村莊,小城鎮(zhèn))大地方(國家,城市)或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)1)Hearrived___Shanghaiyesterday.2)Theyarrived___asmallvillagebeforedark.3)Theyarrived___Beijingat8:00andwaitedforabus___thestation.inatinat1)at+___________________2)in+______________________________小地方(村莊,小城鎮(zhèn))大地方(國家,城市)或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)2地點(diǎn)介詞辨析（at,on,in）即學(xué)即練___thetree___thetreeonin(樹上自身具有的花,果，葉等)(外加在樹上的事物)inthewall(鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)部的事物)

1)Thereisamap___thewall.2)Therearetwowindows___thewall.onthewall(墻表面的事物)oninThenewspaperis___thetable.Thereisaninterestingarticle___thenewspaper.onin表示占去某物一部分只表示在某物的表面上3地點(diǎn)介詞辨析（in,on,to）GuangdongNorthKoreaJapantheeastofChina.inontoisinonto境內(nèi)；范圍內(nèi)境外接壤境外分離be+in/on/to+the+方位詞+of...east,west,south,north3地點(diǎn)介詞辨析（in,on,to）The____ballThe___ballThe_____balltheeastofthecircle.inontois境內(nèi)；范圍內(nèi)境外接壤境外分離be+in/on/to+the+方位詞+of...east,west,south,northblueredgreen3地點(diǎn)介詞辨析（in,on,to）inonto境內(nèi)；范圍內(nèi)境外接壤境外分離1)Shanghailies___theeastofChinaand___thenortheastofGuangdong.2)Hubeiis___thenorthofHunan.3)Fujianis___theeastofChina.4)Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.inonintoinbe+in/on/to+the+方位詞+of...to表示“穿過……”的through和across：through表示從內(nèi)部通過；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過。Waterflowsthroughthepipe.Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.Thehorsegoes________theforest.throughthrough(從物體中間)穿透,穿越Later，thehorsegoes________thegrassland.(從物體表面)跨越,越過acrossacross1)It’sdifficulttowalk_______thedesertwithin3days.2)Look!Thereisatraingoing_______thetunnelquickly.3)PeoplealongthestreetswereallexcitedwhentheOlympictorchpassed_______thecity.acrossthroughthroughgo/walkacross=cross4地點(diǎn)介詞辨析（through,across，over）throughacross(從物體中間)穿透,穿越(從物體表面)跨越,越過over“表示從較高的障礙物越過”Theboyclimbedoverawall.那男孩爬過一墻。Wemustgooverthemountain.我們必須翻過這座山去。Past表示從。。。經(jīng)過Hedrivepastabigsupermarket.介詞5地點(diǎn)介詞辨析（between,among,inthemiddleof）Xiaowanziissitting_________LuffyandConan.Sheseemsveryhappy__________herclassmates.amongbetweenLookatthisgraduatingphoto!between...and...表示兩者之間用于三者或三者以上的中間amonginthemiddleof:“在…中間，中心”用between,among與inthemiddleof填空1）Maryissitting_________TomandLily.2）Shanghaiis_____thelargestcitiesintheworld.3）Shewasbusy_____cooking,washing,sewingandlookingafterthebaby.4）Thetableis

______________theroom.betweenamongamonginthemiddleofExcuses:1.Wecanseeplentyofstars__theskytonight.A.toB.aboveC.inD.to2.Therearealotoftrees__theschool.A.infrontofB.inthefrontofC.onfrontofD.onthefrontof3.Thereisapileofpaper__thetable.A.aboveB.overC.onD.in4.Whatcanyousee__thepicture?Somebirdsandflowers.A.inB.onC.underD.down5.Firstdrawaline__themiddleofthepage.Thenwriteawordinthespaceabovetheline.A.acrossB. overC.betweenD.withinCACAA(2009成考真題)6.介詞表示時(shí)間區(qū)別1）、表示時(shí)間的at,in,on：at表示片刻的時(shí)間，時(shí)間點(diǎn)如：at8o’clock，常用詞組有：atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYear等。in表示一段的時(shí)間，如：inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inOctober,in1998,insummer,inthepast,inthefuture等。on總是跟日子有關(guān)，具體某一天onMonday,onChristmasmorning,onthefollowing,onMayDay,onawarmmorning等。2）.by不遲于某時(shí)（包括某時(shí)）Before在某時(shí)之前（不包括某時(shí)）IwillfinishtheworkbyFriday.最晚周五我會(huì)完成工作。IwillfinishtheworkbeforeFriday.周五前我會(huì)完成工作。

.3、）表示時(shí)間的since和from：Since，for表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如：Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday.Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995/for5years.4）、表示時(shí)間的in和after：兩者都表示“在（某個(gè)時(shí)間）之后，區(qū)別在于：In+時(shí)間段，表示“在（一段時(shí)間）之后”，和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用。而after+時(shí)間段，和過去時(shí)態(tài)連用。如：We’llbebackinthreedays.Aftertwomonthshereturned.After+具體時(shí)間，也可用于將來時(shí)。Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?7、inthecorner,onthecorner,

atthecorner：inthecorner表示在角落里，onthecorner表示“在角上”，atthecorner指“在拐角處”，如：Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom.Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner.Hesatonthecornerofthetable.8、intheend,attheendof,

bytheendof：intheend作“最后”、“終于”解，可單獨(dú)使用，后不接介詞of；attheendof表示“在……末梢”，“到……盡頭”，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用；bytheendof作“在……結(jié)束時(shí)”，“到……末為止”解，只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。如：Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety.Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden.TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek.bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.9、表示“關(guān)于”的about和on：兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思，不過前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正式的“論述”。如：Hecametotellmeaboutsomethingimportant.Hewroteabookonscience.11、besides,except,but,exceptfor：besides指“除了……還有，”。包括某人如：