高二英語高三第一輪復(fù)習(xí)：it用法考點(diǎn)外研社知識(shí)精講

高二英語高三第一輪復(fù)習(xí)：it用法考點(diǎn)外研社本講教育信息】.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：it用法考點(diǎn)二.重難點(diǎn)講解：Everyoneknowsthat isdangeroustoplaywithfire,but isdifficultistopreventchildrenfromplayingwithfire.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,whatD.what,it陷阱：很容易誤選B,認(rèn)為兩空均考查形式主語。分析：最優(yōu)答案是D,第一空填形式主語，真正的主語是其后的不定式toplaywithfire。第二空填what，whatisdifficult是主語從句，注意whatisdifficult后的謂語動(dòng)詞is。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題：〔1〕Iknow isimportanttoknowmyownlimitations,but isdifficultistohelpotherstoknowtheirownlimitations.A.it,it B.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it〔2〕Yes, __isdifficulttofindajobnowadays,but ismoredifficultistrytofindsuchajobwithahighsalarybutlittlethingstodo.A.it,it B.what,whatC.it,what D.what,itIdislike whenotherslaughatmeinpublicorthinkpoorlyofmebehind.A.that B.thoseC.it D.them陷阱：幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。分析：最優(yōu)答案是C，因?yàn)樵谕ǔＧ闆r下，like是與物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有賓語〔句中it即為其賓語〕。句中的when從句不是賓語從句，而是時(shí)間狀語從句，其中的when的意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候〃。其實(shí)，也有的詞典將Idon'tlikeitwhen〔if〕作為一個(gè)句型來處理。能這樣用的動(dòng)詞不多，主要的有enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,appreciate等表示喜好的動(dòng)詞。Shewon'tlikeitifyouarrivelate.她不喜歡你遲到。Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbike.他討厭別人用他的自行車。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題〔答案均選it〕：〔1〕Ihate ifpeoplesaysuchthingsinpublic.A.that B.thoseC.it D.them〔2〕I'dprefer ifIdidn'thavetogetupearlyonSundays.A.that B.suchC.it D. which〔3〕Iwouldappreciate verymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestions.A.this B.thatC.it D.youI'venoidea.Ijustpretendednobodywasathome,soIdidn'taskwho was.he B.thatC.she D.it陷阱：容易誤選A或Co分析：最優(yōu)答案是Doit用以指身份不明的人。假設(shè)指身份明確的人，如此不宜用it。比擬：〔1〕MrSmithisatthedoor. wantstoseeyou.〔2〕Someoneisatthedoor. mustbeMrSmith.He B.ItC.This D.That第〔1〕題選A,因?yàn)閬碚呱矸菝鞔_；第〔2〕選B,因?yàn)閬碚呱矸莶幻鞔_?！癊xcuseme,Iwanttohavemywatchfixed,butIcan'tfindarepairshop.〞“Iknow nearby.Comeon,I'llshowyou.〞one B.itC.some D.that陷阱：容易誤選Bo分析：最優(yōu)答案是Aoit和one的區(qū)別可簡單地概括為：it=the+名詞，one=a+名詞。如：Ihaven'tgotanypens,andIwanttoborrowone.我沒有鋼筆，我想借一支。〔one=apen〕Ihavetwopens,andIcanlendonetoyou.我有兩本支鋼筆，我可以借一支?！瞣ne=apen〕Ihaveapen,andIcanlendittoyou.我有一本鋼筆，我可以把它借給你?！瞚t=thepen〕在上面一題中，one相當(dāng)于one相當(dāng)于arepairshop。請(qǐng)做下面一題〔答案選A〕：ThereisonlyoneEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinthatbook-shop.Iwonderifyoustillwanttobuy .A.it B. oneC.another D. anyWillyouseeto thatmychildrenaretakengoodcareofwhileIamaway?A.it B. meC.yourself D. them陷阱：幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。分析：最優(yōu)答案是Aoit為形式賓語，真正的賓語是空格后that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。seeto意為“負(fù)責(zé)〃、“注意〃，其中的to為介詞，不宜直接跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，遇此情況可借助代詞it。請(qǐng)做下面兩題，答案也是選it：〔1〕I'llseeto thatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostbeforetwelve.A.it B.meC.which D.them〔2〕Willyouseeto thattheluggageisbroughtbackassoonaspossible?A.me B.yourselfC.it D.them類似以上seeto用法的短語還有dependon,answerfor等。如下面兩題答案也選it〔1〕Youmaydependon thathewillturnupintime.A.it B.meC.which D.them〔2〕Ican'tanswerfor thattheboyishonest.

B.meD.themB.meD.themC.which典型例題】forfiveyears.Whyshouldn'tIbuyanewcoat—Ihaven'tbought_forfiveyears.A.it B.thatC.one D.whichHemade knowntohisfriendsthathedidn'twanttoenterpolitics.A.that B.itC.himself D.himItusedtobethought theEarthwasflat.A.as B.whenC.since D.thatTheParkersboughtanewhousebut willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.they B.itC.one D.which iswellknown HongKongreturnedtoChinaonJuly1st,1997.A.It,thatB.As,/C.As,asD.It,which—Idon'tknowwhetherIshouldgoabroadornot,Mum.—Ileave toyourownjudgmentwhetheryoushoulddoit.A.that B.itC.this D.whatDoes matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.thatC.he D.itTheyaregoodfriends. isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell.A.This B.ThatC.There D.ItTheyliveonabusymainroad. mustbeverynoisy.A.There B.ItC.That D.TheyWhydon'tyoubring tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.this B.whatC.that D.it“Lookatthatladyonthestage.She'salreadyforty.〞“Youarejoking.Shedoesn'tlook〃A.so B.ithewouldgiveC.that D.thishewouldgive wasknowntothemallthatWilliamhadbrokenhispromiseB.What;thatD.It;whicheachofthemagift.B.What;thatD.It;whichA.As;WhichC.It;thatInthewest,peoplemake aruletosendChristmaspresenttotheirrelativesandfriends.A.this B.thatC.it D.thefollowing答案與解析：選Coone指acoat。比擬：it=the+名詞，one=a+名詞，換句話說，it是特指的，而one如此是泛指的。選B。it為形式賓語，真正的賓語是thathedidn'twanttoenterpolitics。選D。it為形式主語，此句為PeopleusedtothinkthattheEarthwasflat的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。選Boit指前面提到的newhouse。注意不能選D,因?yàn)槠淝坝胁⒘羞B詞but。選Aoit為形式主語，其后的that從句為主語從句。比擬下面一題，答案選B： iswellknown, HongKongreturnedtoChinaonJuly1st,1997.A.It,that B.As,/C.As,as D.It,which選Boit為形式賓語，真正的賓語是whetheryoushoulddoit.選Doitdoesn'tmatterif...,doesitmatterif...等為英語常用表達(dá)。選Doit'snowonderthat...意為“難怪 …、“ 不足為怪〃，為英語固定表達(dá),其中的it's也可省略，即只說Nowonderthat.。如：Nowonder〔that〕hedidn'twanttogo.難怪他不想去。選B。it指環(huán)境。選D。it為形式賓語，真正的賓語是thatyouaretoobusytodoit.選B。it指herage。lookone'sage為習(xí)語，意為“容貌與年齡相稱〞。選C。第一空填it,為形式主語；第二空填that，用以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語從句，修飾promise。選C。it為形式賓語，真正的賓語是其后的不定式tosendChristmaspresenttotheirrelativesandfriends。【參考資料】It的用法〔一〕作人稱代詞it代替前面〔或后面〕的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。eg.Youcannoteatyourcakebuthaveit.〔it代替前面的cake〕Althoughwecannotseeit,thereisairallaroundus.〔it代替后面的air〕Theysayhehaslefttown,butIdon'tbelieveit.〔it代替前面They...town分句中的情況〕代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西〔包括嬰兒〕。eg.Yesterdaywesawabigtree.Itwasfullytwentymetreshigh.〔it代替前面的tree〕Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.〔it代替前面的baby〕在某些習(xí)慣說法中，可以代替人。eg.—Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Peter.—Whoisit?—It'sme.—Whoaresinging?—Itisthechildren.—Thelightisstilloninthelab.Itmustbethethird-yearstudentsdoingtheexperiment.it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場合；one如此用于同名異物的場合。eg.—Doyoustillhavethebicycle?—No,Ihavesoldit.—Isthisknifeyours?—No.ItisXiaoZhang's.Mineistheoneonthedesk.it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個(gè)。eg.TheclimateofSouthChinaismild〔溫和的〕;Ilikeitverymuch.〔it扌旨theclimateofSouthChina〕TheclimateofSouthChinaismuchbetterthanthatofJapan.〔that扌旨theclimate〕〔二〕作無人稱代詞it作無人稱代詞時(shí)，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它后面的內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離、度量衡與情況等。Itisfine〔rainy,windy,etc.〕.Itisnoon.Itisahalfhour'swalktothefactory.Itiseighteensquaremetresinarea.Whatdoesitmatter?〔三〕作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)?！癐tis〔was〕+所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+that〔who〕+其它成分?！ㄔ谶@個(gè)句型中，it本身沒有詞義。詳見“一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句〃?！菜摹骋龑?dǎo)詞it作形式主語〔賓語〕為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語〔或賓語〕it，而把真正的主語〔或賓語〕置于句子后面。通常引導(dǎo)詞it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。eg.Ittakeshalfanhourtogothereonfoot〔.It與togothereonfoot之間夾有takeshalfanhour四個(gè)詞〕WethoughtitstrangethatMrSmithdidnotcomelastnight. 〔it與that從句中間夾有strange〕但有時(shí)it與所替代局部之間并不夾有其它詞。eg.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.〔因?yàn)榻樵~on之后一般不直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當(dāng)作錯(cuò)句〕【模擬試題】Ittookusoveranhouralongthestreet.A.walkB.towalkC.walkingD.walkedIthinkitagreathonourtovisityourcountry.A.toinviteB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.tobeinvitedManypeoplenowmakearuletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.A.themselves B.it C.that D.thisisverycleartoeveryonethathe'sroundandtalllikeatree.A.ThisB.WhatC.ThatD.ItIntheUnitedStates,bustraveldoesn'tcostmuchastraintravel,?A.don'tthey B.doesitC.dothey D.doesn'titSomeoneisatthedoor,whois?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he—Itisrainingcatsanddogs.—.A.Soitis B.SoisitC.Neitheritis D.Neitherisit—Myhomeisinthattallbuildingoverthere.—?A.CanitseeB.CanseeitC.Canbeseenit D.Canitbeseenraininghardfor3hourswithoutstopping.A.ItisB.ItwasC.Ithasbeen D.Ithadbeen—Hastheboygothisbicyclenow?—Yes,thepolicegave.A.himtohim B.ittoitC.ittohim D.himtoit—Boy,—Itis,lookslikespringiscomingsoon.—Yeh,It'lljustbeafewmoreweeks.A.itsreallyanicedaytoday,isn'tit?whatkindofweatherarewegoingtohavetoday?doyouthinkitisgoingtoraintoday?whatitlikeoutsidetoday?Itisimportanttheiroffer.A.reject B.rejects C.toreject D.rejectingHasbeendecidedwhenwearetoholdthesports-meeting?A.thatB.thisC.itD.what—DidLiLeicallmewhileIwasout?—Yes,itwasthatcalledyou.A.him B.he C.who D.whomNothingiswrongwiththeradio?A.isn'tit B.isthat C.isit D.isn'tthatIdon'tknowmakesherafraidofhavingherbusinessdiscussed.A.whatitisaboutMarythatthatisitabutMarywhatwhatisitaboutMarythatD.thatisaboutMarywhatWhichsentenceiswrong?A.Ifeltitimpossibleforhimtotaketheexam.Ifounditimpossiblethathemighttaketheexam.Ithoughtthathemightnottaketheexam.Inmyopinionhemighttaketheexam.Idon'tthinkdifficultforaChinesestudenttomasteraforeignlanguagewithinfiveyearsA.thatB.itC.too D.veryItsthesecondtimeyoulatethisweek.A.arrive B.arrivedC.havearrivedD.hadarrivedItwillnotbewemeetagain.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.soonafterD.shortlyafterItsdemandedthatwethereonfoot.A.nottogo B.don'tgo C.notgo D.won'tgo“It〞isoftenusedtoababy.A.meanto B.sticktoC.pointtoD.refertoItwasnotuntil1936basketballbecamearegularpartoftheOlympicGames.A.that B.whenC.whichD.thenA.that B.whenC.whichD.