第四章-貨物運輸保險課件

Section1

BriefIntroductionofCargoTransportationInsurance7/20/202311.FunctionsofCargoTransportationInsurance(1)RisksTransferInsuranceisarisktransfermechanisms,wherebytheindividualorthebusinessenterprisescanshiftsomeoftheuncertaintyoflifeontotheshouldersofothers.(2)RiskSpreadingBaseontheprinciplethatthefortunatehelpstheunfortunate,theindustryofinsurancehasbeendevelopedtoovercomethesefinanciallosses.(3)IndemnityThisconceptisconcernedwiththevalueofcompensation.7/20/202322.TheBasicFactorsofCargoTransportationInsurance(1)Insured(2)Insurer(Underwriter)(3)SubjectofInsurance(4)InsurancePolicy(5)Conditions(6)InsuredAmount(7)InsurancePremium(8)InsuranceClaim7/20/20233Section2

TheContentofCargoTransportationInsurance7/20/202341.TheClassificationofRisksRisksNaturalCalanitiesFortuitousAccidentsSpecialExtraneousRisksCommonExtraneousRisksPerilsofSeaExtraneousRisks7/20/20235(1)PerilsoftheSeaPerilsoftheseaarethosecausedbynaturalcalamitiesandfortuitous.i.Naturalcalamitiesii.FortuitousAccidents(2)ExtraneousRisks—Generalextraneousrisksinclude:theftorpilferage,rain,shortage,contamination,leakage,breakage,taintofodor,dampness,heating,rusting,hooking,etc.—Specialextraneousrisksinclude:warrisks,strikes,non-deliveryofcargo,refusaltoreceivecargo,etc.7/20/202362.Losses

LossesActualTotallossConstructiveTotalLossGeneralAverageParticularAverageTotalLossPartialLoss7/20/20237(1)TotalLossTotallossreferstothelossoftheentireshipmentcausedbytheoccurrenceofoneoftheperilsofthesea,fire,orsomeotherreasons.i.Actualtotallossii.Constructivetotalloss(2)PartialLossPartiallossmeansthetotallossofpartoftheinsuredcargo.i.GeneralAverageii.ParticularAverage7/20/202383.ExpensesTransportationinsurancenotonlyinsuresthelossescausedbyrisksbutalsothelossesofexpenses.Themainexpensesinclude:i.Sueandlaborexpensesii.Salvagecharges7/20/20239Section3

MarineInsuranceCoverageandClauses7/20/2023101.BasicCoverage(1)FPA(FreefromParticularAverage)TheFPApolicyprovidescoveragefortotallossesandgeneralaverageemergingfromactual“marineperils”.(2)WPA(WithParticularAverage)ThisinsurancecoverswiderthanFPA.(3)AllRisksBesidestheriskscoveredbyFPAandWPA,AllRisksalsoprovidescoveragainstsomeextraneousrisksoflossordamage.7/20/2023112.AdditionalRisks(1)GeneralAdditionalRisksi.Theft,pilferageand/ornon-deliveryclauseii.Freshwaterand/orraindamageclauseiii.Shortageclauseiv.Intermixtureandcontaminationclausev.Leakageclausevi.Clashandbreakageclausevii.Taintofodorclauseviii.Sweatandheatingclauseix.Hooksdamageclausex.Breakageofpackingclausexi.Rustclause(2)SpecialAdditionalRisks7/20/2023123.SpecialCoverage(1)OceanMarineInsuranceClauseonFrozenProductsItisclassifiedintotwokinds,thatareFrozenRiskandFrozenAllRisk.(2)OceanMarineInsuranceClauseonWoodOilBulkItisestablishedespeciallyforthewoodoilbulk,sothatitcouldbecoveredindependently.7/20/2023134.TheDurationofOceanMarineInsurance(1)TheDurationofBasicCoverage(2)TheDurationofWarRisk(3)TheDurationofStrikeRisk(4)MarineCargoExtensionClause(5)TheDurationofSpecialCoverage7/20/202314Section4

LondonInsuranceInstituteClause7/20/2023151.TheClassificationofInstituteCargoClause(ICC)—InstituteCargoCauseA.—InstituteCargoCauseB.—InstituteCargoCauseC.—InstituteWarClause-Cargo.—InstituteStrikeClause-Cargo.—MaliciousDamageClause.7/20/2023162.InstituteCargoClauseandExclusions(1)ICC(A)i.Exclusionsii.ExclusionsofUnseaworthinessandunfitnessofthecarryingvesselorlighter,includingthecontainersiii.ExclusionsofWariv.ExclusionsofStrike(2)ICC(B)(3)ICC(C)7/20/202317Section5

InsuranceofLand,AirandPostalTransportation7/20/2023181.InsuranceofLandAhighvolumeofbusinessisnowconveyedbyrailandroad.Itisessentialthatadequatecoverbeobtainedforthelandcarriage.Again,theinsurancebrokerortradeassociationcangivevaluableadvice.Insurancecoverageforlandtransportationcanbedividedintotwocategories:LandTransportationRisk,almostequivalenttoWPA,andAllRisksforlandtransportation,almostequivalenttoMarineAllRisks.7/20/2023192.InsuranceofAirBythenatureofairmovements,shorttransittimes,lighterpackingrequired,quickclearanceatdestinationpointsand,inmostplaces,strictertheft-pilferagecontrol,asignificantnumberofexportdispatchesaresentbyairthesedays.Whileanairdisasterisspectacularandconcentratesthepublicattentionexceptionally,itistruethatairtrafficisoneofthesafestmethodsofmovinggoods.Therearealsotwotypesofcoverage:AirtransportationriskandairtransportationAllRisks.7/20/2023203.InsuranceofPostalTransportationParcelpostinsurancecoversthelossesofordamagetotheparcelscausedbynaturalcalamities,fortuitousaccidentsorexternalrisks.ItincludesParcelPostRiskandparcelpostAllRisks.Onthebasisofthesetwobasiccoverages,someadditionalrisksmaybeaddedifcircumstancesrequire.7/20/202321Section6

InsuranceClausesinSalesContract7/20/2023221.ExamplesofInsuranceClausesinSalesContractInFOB,CFRorFCA,CPTcontract,theinsuranceclausemaysimplybestipulatedas:“Insurance:Tobecoveredbythebuyer.”InCIForCIPcontract,theclauseshouldmakeitclearastowhoisresponsibleforeffectinginsurance,theriskscovered,themethodsofascertainingtheinsuranceamount,andtheinsuranceclausesadopted.7/20/2023232.PointsforAttentioni.Makeclearbywhichwaytocoverthecargo,ICCClauseorCICClauseii.Makecleartheinsuredcoverage,WPA,FPAorAllRisks,aswellastheAdditionalRiskiii.Makeclearwhoistheinsurediv.Makecleartheinsuranceamountv.Makeclearthevalidityofinsuranceclausevi.ThedateofpolicycannotbelaterthanthedateofBillofLadingvii.Keepthecurrencyofpolicysameasthatofinvoiceinordertoavoidtheriskofforeignexchangeviii.Payattentiontotradetermsinsalescontractaswellastheship-age7/20/202324Section7

PracticeonMarineCargoInsurance7/20/2023251.ChoosingtheRightCoverageThecleardistinctionamongtheclausesFPA,WPAandAllRisksisofgreatpracticalsignificance.Productsshouldbeinsuredintheappropriatecategory.Agoodruleofthumbisthatanexportershouldinsureforthecoverageacceptedinhisparticulartrade.7/20/2023262.InsurancePremium(1)InsuranceAmountIftheCIFortheCIPvaluecannotbedetermined,theminimumamountofinsurancecoveragewouldbe110%oftheamountrequestedundertheL/Cforpayment,acceptanceornegotiation,or110%oftheamountoftheinvoice,whicheveristhegreater.(2)InsurancePremiumInsuranceamount＝CIF(CIP)price×(1＋percentageofaddition)Premium＝insuranceamount×premiumrate7/20/2023273.InsurancePolicyInsurancepol