高中高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧

閱讀理解是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種:推理判斷型詞義猜測(cè)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型主旨大意型命題類推理判斷型詞義猜測(cè)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型主旨大意型命題類主旨大意題干擾項(xiàng)可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。干擾項(xiàng)可能是從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。干擾項(xiàng)可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。(正確):據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。主旨大意題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式:1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-isethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?[練習(xí)]---主旨大意題Passage1InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodofcheaperfor-eigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian’sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能滿足的）society.Man

over

70

2,100Boy

aged

16

3,000Woman

3,600Farmer

2,600Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.A.55B.175C.325D.275Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.

Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.【解析】答案為D。根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為：(90-35)×5×1=275【解析】答案為C。根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出C符合圖表內(nèi)容。釋義法對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。情景推斷法、代詞替代法等同義法同義法常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。詞義猜測(cè)型反義法反義法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。詞義猜測(cè)題做題要領(lǐng)1）文中找線索或信息詞;2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。4.特別注意熟詞新意！---詞義猜測(cè)型Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的).這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中的大多數(shù)婦女，受過(guò)教育的（educated）和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的（illiterate）；住在城市的（urban）和住在農(nóng)村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長(zhǎng)的（old）正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選C項(xiàng)。推理判斷題：推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。推理判斷型推理判斷型透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。以原文內(nèi)容以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推斷判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?Whatisthetone(語(yǔ)氣)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?【練習(xí)】---推理判斷型Passage4Theconcept(n.觀念)ofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividual(n.個(gè)人)madesound(adj.健康的)personalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresent(adj.現(xiàn)在的)medicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegal(adj.法律的)andmoralboundaries(n.界限)ofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth.Ifwedodesire,wecansmoke,drinkmuch,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentary(adj.久坐的，勞心的)lifestylewithoutanyexercise.Q:Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabouthealthisimportantbecause____.A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses.B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge.C.itisbasictopersonalfreedominAmericansociety.D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth.解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選D。選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀胡亂推測(cè)。Passage5Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievement(n.成績(jī))endsupwithuninspiredstudents.Eisenbergerholds(vi.認(rèn)為).Asanexa-mpleofthelatter(adj.近來(lái)的)point(n.觀點(diǎn)),henotes(vi.特別指出)growingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotighten(v.使變得更緊)gradingstandards(及格標(biāo)準(zhǔn))andrestore(vt.恢復(fù)使用)failinggrades(不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)).Q:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_____.rewardingpoorperformance(n.成績(jī))maykillthecreativit