初中語法直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換間接引語講解附練習題及答案

直接引語與間接引語直接引語：一字不改的引用或復(fù)述別人的話，被引用或復(fù)述的部分即為直接引語。一般前后用引號，首字母大寫。間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分即為間接引語。通常以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)，不用引號。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要注意人稱、時態(tài)、連接詞、語序以及時間狀語、地點狀語、指示代詞及方向性動詞的變化。一、人稱變化直接引語是第一人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一般要變?yōu)榈谌朔Q；第二人稱變?yōu)榕c主句的間接賓語相一致的人稱（如果沒有間接賓語，可根據(jù)上下文的體會確定一個人稱）；第三人稱一般不改變。例如Hetoldme，＂I’llgiveyouabookwhenImeetyouagain.＂—Hetoldmehewouldgivemeabookwhenhemetmeagain.二、時態(tài)的變化如果主句是過去式態(tài)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時應(yīng)向前推一個時態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時---一般過去式，現(xiàn)在進行時---過---過去進行時，一般---過去完成時，---過去完成等。例如Shewondered:＂Whenwillthemeetingbegin.＂—Shewonderedwhenthemeetingwouldbegin.但去進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時---過去完成時，一般過去時---過去完成時，過去進行時將來時---過去將來時,現(xiàn)在完成進行時---過去完成進行時，過去完成時過去完成進行時進行時。在以下幾種情況下，間接引語的時態(tài)不用變化。1、當直接引語表示的是客觀真理或經(jīng)常性的特點時。例如Shesaid,＂Theearthgoesaroundthesun＂.--Shesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2、當直接引語中有絕對具體的過去時間作狀語時，保持原來的一般過去時。例如Hesaid,＂Ilefthomein1942.—Hesaidhelefthomein1942.注：間接引語中的謂語動詞有時需要適當?shù)恼{(diào)整。Say后的直接引語表示陳述或命令時可變?yōu)閍sk;say后的直接引語表示請求或詢問時可變?yōu)閍sk.例如Theteachersaidtome,＂Ihaveseenyourbook..＂—Theteachertoldmethatshehadseenmybook.三、連接詞的選擇1、陳述句陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語時用that引導，也可省略that。主句可用told來代替，可以說saidthat，saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可以直接說toldthat.主句謂語動詞可用直接引語中的said，也中的謂語還常有repeat,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think,等。例如Dannysaid，＂IcomefromCanada.＂—DannysaidthathecamefromCanada.2、疑問句直接引語1)、一般疑問句直接引語為一般疑問句時變?yōu)殚g接引語Isheateacher＂—Sheaskedmeif/whetherhewasateacher.2}、選擇疑問句或反意疑問直接引語是選擇疑問句需用or;反意疑問句需用ornot變?yōu)殚g接引語時要用whether而不用if.例如Mybrotheraskedme,＂IsTomtallorshort＂—MybrotheraskedmewhetherTomwastallorshort.＂Youarereading,aren’tyou＂hesaidtome.—HeaskedmewhetherIwasreadingornot.3)、特殊疑問句當直接引語為特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，常變成與疑問句同形的連接詞引導的賓語從句，用陳述語問號變句號。例如＂Whatdoyouwanttoeat＂heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhatIwantedtoeat.3、祈使是祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要用不表示，使其成為ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth句型。例如＂Don’topenthedoor.＂hesaidtoher.—Heaskedhernottoopenthedoor.4、感嘆句感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語時可用what或how引導，也可用that引導。例如Hesaid，＂Whatalovelydayitis!＂—Hesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.—Hesaidthatitwasalovelyday.是疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時要用陳述語序。主句的動詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。須用if或whether引導。例如Sheaskedme,＂序，句直接引語定式四、語序的變化當直接引語是疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時要用陳述語序，即連接詞+主語+動詞的形式。例如＂Whereareyougoing＂heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhereIwasgoing.但當直接引語中特殊疑問詞作主語時，語序不變。例如Heasked,“Whoisyourbrother.”－Heaskedwhowasmybrother.五、時間狀語、地點狀語、指示代詞及方向性動詞的變化。now—thentoday—thatdayyesterday—thedaybeforelastmight—thenightbeforetwodaysago—twodaysbeforenextweek—thenextweektomorrow—thenextdaythedayaftertomorrow—intwodays’time或者twodaysafterhere—therethis—thatthese—thosecome—gobring—take例如Hesaid,＂Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.＂—Hesaidhehaddonehishomeworkthedaybefore.六、情態(tài)動詞的變化can—couldmust—hadto或者mustwill—wouldshall—shouldmay—might一、單項選擇：()1.Heasked________forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid()2.“Haveyouseenthefilm”heaskedme.→Heaskedme________.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm()3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.→He________me________thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose()4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid________.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher()5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”→He________verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboyis()6.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou”sheasked.→Sheasked________ornot.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell()7.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember”→Heaskedme________.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember()8.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong”→Heasked________.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong()9.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematterisC.what’sthematterD.whatwaswrong()10.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”→He________me________thatagain.A.saidto;nottodoB.saidto;don’tdoC.told;don’tdoD.told;nottodo二、直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換間接引語1.“Isawanoteonmydesk.”shesaid.2.Mothersaid,“I’llgototheparktomorrow.”3.Hesaidtome,“Yourbrotherbrokeit.”4.Tomsaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”5.“Westayedtherefortwoweeks.”shetoldme.6.Shesaid,“Ihavegivenupsmoking.”7.“We’veknowneachotherforaboutthreeyears.”theyoungmantoldhim.8.“Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.”hesaid.9.“Mothergavemeanewbookasapresentyesterday.”Marysaid.10.“DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese”theteacheraskedme.11.“Whatdidyoudoyesterday”sheaskedme.12.“Wouldyoulikeanapple”motheraskedme.13.“Don’topenthedoor.”shesaidtome.14.“Comehereearlytomorrow.”theteachersaidtous.15.“Didyougotothecinemalastnight”sheasked.16.“Keepthedoorclosed.”theoldmansaidtous.17.“Didyougotherebytrainorbybus”theteacherasked.18.“Theyareplayingontheplayground.”Jimsaid.三、在橫線上填上合適的詞1.Heexclaimedhowlovelythehouse___________.2.Wedidn’tknow___________shehadn’thandedinthepaper.3.Themonitor___________thefiveofustocleantheflooryesterdayafternoon.4.Andersontoldus___________hisfatherhadjustreturnedfromShanghai.5.She___________ustohelptheoldwomaninourvillagethatday.6.Myfatheraskedme___________wasthematterwhenhecameback.7.Thatfellowalways___________mecleanhisshoesforhim.8.Tomsaidthathe___________inthearmyforthreeyears.9.—WhatdidAlicesayjustnow—Shesaidthat___________wouldborrowthatdictionaryformMary.10.Iwonder___________shecanattendmypartythisevening.四、單項選擇1.Rightnow,thebossorderedJohntohandinhisdesign________.A.thisafternoonB.thisafternoonC.todayD.thatday2.Jimmy________herifshehadseenhimtherethatafternoon.A.saidtoB.askedC.toldD.ask3.UncleWangorderedusto________hishouseatonce.A.comeoutofB.comeC.gooutofD.go4.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand________theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how5.ChenQiangtoldMr.SmiththatthePeople’sRepublicofChina_______inOctober1,1949.A.foundedB.hadbeenfoundedC.foundD.wasfounded6.Shesaidtomethat_______mightkeep________bookfortwodays.A.she;thisB.I;thatC.I;thisD.you;this7.Inordertochoosetherightone,shefirstaskedme_______Iwanttouseadictionaryfor.A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether8.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_______therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.A.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven9.Lindashoutedthatyou_______yourhomeworkaheadofher.A.finishedB.wouldfinishC.hadfinishedD.havefinished

10.Mygirlfriendaskedme_______Iknewitwasherbirthdaythatdayornot.A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.what五、鞏固練習：1、Heasked，＂Isthedooropenorclosed.＂Heasked___________________________________.2、Shesaid,＂Ihaveleftmycoatinyourroom.＂Shesaid___________________________________________.3、Shesaid,＂Iwrotetomyfriendsyesterday.＂Shesaid_______________________________________________________.4、Motheraskedme,＂Whenwillyoubebacknexttime.＂Motheraskedme________________________________________.5、Theteachertoldthestudents,＂Theearthisround.＂Theteachertoldthestudents_________________________.6、TheguardsaidtoLenin,＂Pleaseshowmeyourpass.＂TheguardaskedTom_________________________.7、Dannysaid,＂Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow,LingMing＂DannyaskedLiMing_____________________________________________________.8、Hesaid,＂Mysisterwasheretwodaysago,butsheisnotherenow＂Hesaid________________________________________,but_____wasnottherethen.參考答案：一、單項選擇1-5DDCDCBDCDD二、直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換間接引語參考答案1.Shesaidthatshehadseenanoteonherdesk.2.Mothersaidthatshewouldgototheparkthenextday.3.Hetoldmethatmybrotherhadbrokenit.4.Tomsaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.5.Shetoldmethattheyhadstayedtherefortwoweeks.6.Shesaidthatshehadgivenupsmoking.7.Theyoungmantoldhimthattheyhadknowneachotherforaboutthreeyears.8.Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthosedays.9.Marysaidthat(her)motherhadgiven