高考英語(yǔ)一輪專題重組卷第一部分語(yǔ)法專輯-全國(guó)名校名卷優(yōu)選練語(yǔ)法專題5非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含解析

語(yǔ)法專題五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(一)動(dòng)詞不定式eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空：根據(jù)句意，在空線處填上適當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。)1．(2019·蘭州高三實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練)Here'syourchance________(decide)whatemojisbestrepresentChineseculture.答案：todecidechancetodosth.“做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”。故填todecide。2．(2019·天津市南開區(qū)“三月高考”模擬)Schoolchildrenmustbetaughthow________(deal)withdangeroussituations.答案：todeal“how＋todo”相當(dāng)于名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，作taught的賓語(yǔ)。故填todeal。3．(2019·寧夏大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三一模)Clearly,positiveinstructionshelpkidstounderstandtherightway________(do)things.答案：todothewaytodosth.“做某事的方式”，動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填todo。4．(2019·遼寧省葫蘆島市高三一模)Thereisnobody________(blame)butyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.答案：toblame此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。sb.betoblameforsth.“某人應(yīng)為某事負(fù)責(zé)任”。這里blame只能用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。5．(2019·浙江省名校協(xié)作體高三聯(lián)考)OneuserofChinaUnicomclaimedthatittookhimonlyninedays________(use)upthedatapackageofamonth.答案：tousetakesb.sometimetodosth.“花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事”。故填touse。6．(2019·天津市十二重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考)Wecametothestationrunningalltheway,only________(tell)thetrainhadjustleft.答案：tobetoldonlytodosth.“不料竟會(huì)……；卻……”，這里用動(dòng)詞不定式表示出乎意料之外的結(jié)果。這里表示“被告之”，故填tobetold。7．(2019·黑龍江省鶴崗一中高三月考)Janiefeltlikethatnot________(admit)thismightriskhernewfriendships.答案：toadmit從句中缺主語(yǔ)，所以此處用不定式作主語(yǔ)，表具體、將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。8．(2019·浙江杭州高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Theaimis________(fool)theDiscriminatorintothinkingthatthenewimagesarereal-lifeportraits.答案：tofool這里用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，故填tofool。9．(2019·廣東省高三“六校聯(lián)盟”第一次聯(lián)考)Theyarepretending________(keep)ahealthyandwiseattitudetowardsfailuresimplybecausetheyareincapableofsucceeding.答案：tokeeppretendtodosth.“假裝做某事”，所以此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，故答案為tokeep。10．(2019·福建廈門一中高三期末)Allthesemakegeothermalpowerstationseasy________(build)andkeep.答案：tobuildsb./sth.is＋adj.＋todo且sb./sth.是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，則用不定式的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)含義，easytodo“容易去做……”，故填tobuild。11．(2019·天津市部分區(qū)高三質(zhì)量調(diào)查)In2012,SunYangbecamethefirstChineseman________(win)anOlympicgoldmedalinswimming.答案：towin當(dāng)名詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，后接動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，故填towin。12．(2019·新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)第二次適應(yīng)性考試)It'sagoodidea________(join)aclubortakeaclass.答案：tojoin本句中，it為形式主語(yǔ)，不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)，故填tojoin。13．(2019·蘭州一中高三月考)Theoldtownisdefinitelyworthy________(see).答案：tobeseen/ofbeingseensth.beworthytobedone/ofbeingdone為固定搭配，此處表示這座古鎮(zhèn)非常值得觀看，故填tobeseen/ofbeingseen。14．(2019·廣東普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試模擬)Theytookadvantageoftheiremergencypowersupply________(bake)bread.答案：tobake此處用todo表目的，takeadvantageofsth.todo“利用……做某事”，故填tobake。15．(2019·閩粵贛三省十校聯(lián)考模擬)It'shardtochooseoneplaceorcity________(visit)．答案：tovisit動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾其前的名詞，故填tovisit。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)：下面每句各有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)把答案寫在句子后面的橫線上。)1．(2019·陜西寶雞質(zhì)檢)Whenwearehappy,wewouldlikeshareourhappinesswithothers,makingthemknowourenjoyment.__________________________________________________________________答案：like后加towouldliketodosth.“想要做某事”。故在like后加to。2．(2019·天津市河北區(qū)高三年級(jí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Youaresupposedtoleavingyourchildtodohishomeworkalone.__________________________________________________________________答案：leaving→leavebesupposedtodosth.“應(yīng)該做某事”，故把leaving改為leave。3．(2019·山西省呂梁市高三一模)ThepublicwasshockedhearinghowawomanwasmurderedinNewYorkcity.__________________________________________________________________答案：hearing→tohearbeshockedtodosth.“對(duì)做某事感到震驚”，故把hearing改為tohear。4．(2019·安徽省蚌埠市高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Itismeantshowinggratefulnesstotheoriginoflife.__________________________________________________________________答案：showing→toshowbemeanttodosth.“應(yīng)該做某事”。故把showing改為toshow。5．(2019·安徽省黃山市高三畢業(yè)班第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))So,HuaweiwillmakeeffortsacceleratetheintelligentconstructionofthePalaceMuseum.__________________________________________________________________答案：accelerate前加tomakeeffortstodosth.“努力做某事”。故在accelerate前加to。6．(2019·安徽安慶市高三二模)InmodernChina,tosearchingforwork,manypeoplehavetomoveawayfromhome.__________________________________________________________________答案：searching→search此處為動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，to后接動(dòng)詞原形。故把searching改為search。7．(2019·天津市河?xùn)|區(qū)高三一模)Whencaughtcheatingintheexam,hebeggedfortheteacher'spardonandtriedescapingpunishment.__________________________________________________________________答案：escaping→toescapetrytodosth.“努力做某事”，故把escaping改為toescape。8．(2019·湖南省懷化市高三第二次模擬考試)Sincethen,we'veworkedtogethertobepromotedourclub.__________________________________________________________________答案：bepromoted→promote動(dòng)詞不定式表目的且we和promote之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故將bepromoted改為promote。9．(2019·吉林長(zhǎng)春一模)IfailedpasstheEnglishtestlasttermbecauseIwasnotgoodatEnglish.__________________________________________________________________答案：pass前加tofailtodosth.“做某事失敗”，故在pass前加to。10．(2019·內(nèi)蒙古包頭一模)Iwenttotheseasidetospendingmysummerholidaywithmyfamily.__________________________________________________________________答案：spending→spend此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，后接動(dòng)詞原形。故把spending改為spend。11．(2019·吉林長(zhǎng)春普通高中質(zhì)檢一)Asaresult,Ihadnochoicebutfocusonmystudy.__________________________________________________________________答案：but后加tohavenochoicebuttodosth.“別無(wú)選擇只有做某事”，故在but后加to。12．(2019·廣東普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試模擬)Instead,weshouldtakepositiveactionsavingourselvesandhelpothers.__________________________________________________________________答案：saving→tosavetakepositiveaction后接動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。故把saving改為tosave。13．(2019·山東濟(jì)寧高三一模)Woodthatallowslightpassthroughcouldleadtoabrighterfutureforhomesandbuildings.__________________________________________________________________答案：pass前加toallowsb./sth.todosth.“允許……做某事”。故在pass前加to。14．(2019·山西呂梁高三上學(xué)期一模)Thepunishmentturnedouttobeamixedblessing,forhealsohadtheopportunityplayinginarealband.__________________________________________________________________答案：playing→toplaytheopportunitytodosth.“做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”，動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，故把playing改為toplay。15．(2019·福建廈門一中高三上期末模擬)Visitorsarestronglyadvisedtakingoutprivatetravelinsurance.__________________________________________________________________答案：taking→totakeadvisesb.todosth.“建議某人做某事”，此處為其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故把taking改為totake。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.單句寫作：根據(jù)句意和括號(hào)內(nèi)內(nèi)容的提示，在空線處填上適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢浮?1．(2019·天津市靜海區(qū)高三三校聯(lián)考)______________thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity'sgassupplysystemthoroughly.(為了確保)答案：Toensure2．(2019·海南儋州一中統(tǒng)測(cè))Thatmeanstobaccomanufacturerswillbeforced______________theircigarettesinplainpackets.(打包)答案：topack3．(2019·山東濟(jì)南外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校第一次月考)InEnglish,however,thesituationisdifferent.Peopleuse“Everydoghashisday”______________aperiodofgoodfortune.(描述)答案：todescribe4．(2019·湖北黃岡9月質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Theeventservesnotonlyasaspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld-famousChinesephilosopher,butachance____________________________togetherwithotherlocalcommunities.(慶祝中國(guó)文化)答案：tocelebrateChineseculture5．(2019·甘肅蘭州一中9月月考)He____________________anenvironmentforhisstudentsthatismuchmorerelaxingthantheoneheusedtostudyin.(希望創(chuàng)造)答案：hopestocreate6．(2019·河北邯鄲高三一模)He________________________it.(迫不及待地去讀)答案：can'twaittoread7．(2019·山東菏澤一模)Robertgaveuphissix-figuresalary__________________RLC(RescuingLeftoverCuisine).(集中)答案：tofocus/concentrateon8．(2019·深圳市高三模擬)Confuciustaughtthat____________somebody,youshouldstartwithpoems.(為了教育)答案：toeducate9．(2019·山東濟(jì)寧高三一模)Theresearcherswereable____________theleveloftransparency(透明性).(調(diào)節(jié))答案：toadjust10．(2019·山西呂梁高三上學(xué)期一模)WhenOliverleftforChicago,Armstrongchose____________inNewOrleans.(停留，暫住)答案：tostay(二)分詞和動(dòng)名詞eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空：根據(jù)句意，在空線處填上適當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。)1．(2019·陜西寶雞中學(xué)高三三模)Shespentalmost12years________(work)asaslavemaidinKathmandu,thecapitalofNepal.答案：workingspendsometime(in)doingsth.“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”，故填working。2．(2019·浙江省名校協(xié)作體高三聯(lián)考)Companiesareusing“userprivacy”toavoid________(give)outanyinformation.答案：givingavoiddoingsth.“避免做某事”。3．(2019·廣州市高三年級(jí)調(diào)研)Thereporthighlightsthemajorproblems________(face)societytoday.答案：facing這是v.－ing作后置定語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。4．(2019·天津市東麗區(qū)高三畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))________(involve)themselvesinthecommunityservices,studentscangainexperienceforgrowth.答案：Involvingstudents和involve之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞Involving。5．(2019·廣東惠州市高三第二次調(diào)研考試)Also,________(stay)awakeintothenightwasanewideathatwasattractivetocuriousminds.答案：staying表一般性事實(shí)，故此處用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。6．(2019·天津市十二重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考)Theydideverythingintheirpowertosavethebuilding________(date)backtotheQingDynasty,buttheireffortswereinvain.答案：datingdatebackto“追溯到，屬于……年代”，一般用主動(dòng)形式，此處building與datebackto構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。7．(2019·浙江省稽陽(yáng)聯(lián)誼學(xué)校高三10月聯(lián)考)Calligraphy(書法),________(consider)asoneoftheuniquetraditionalChinesearts,hasalonghistoryofabout1,000years.答案：consideredCalligraphy與consider之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)，故填considered。8．(2019·山西陽(yáng)泉高三一模)Somehowitjustdoesn'tseemworth________(bother)ifnooneelseisgoingtoeatit.答案：botheringworthdoing“值得做某事”，故填bothering。9．(2019·安徽五校聯(lián)盟第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))When________(visit)thisremarkablecity,youtendtoforgetyourtroublesjustforamoment.答案：visiting主語(yǔ)you和visit之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞visiting。10．(2019·浙江省“五校聯(lián)考”第一次考試)TheBritishMuseum,________(locate)intheBloomsburyareaofLondon,isthefirstnationalpublicmuseumdedicatedtohumanhistory,artandculture.答案：located句意：大英博物館位于倫敦的布盧姆斯伯里地區(qū)，是第一個(gè)致力于人類歷史、藝術(shù)和文化的國(guó)家公共博物館。belocatedin...為固定搭配，意為“坐落于……，位于……”，本句用過(guò)去分詞located作狀語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài)，故填located。11．(2019·福建廈門一中高三期末)Geothermalheatsystemsrequire25%to50%lessenergyforwork________(compare)withthetraditionalsystemsforheatingorcooling.答案：comparedwork和compare之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞compared作狀語(yǔ)。12．(2019·廣東省高三“六校聯(lián)盟”第一次聯(lián)考)Theyprefertostayintheirownpeacefulworldwithout________(disturb)andcarelittleaboutpassionorsuccess.答案：beingdisturbed句意：他們寧愿待在自己的平和世界里，不被打擾，也不關(guān)心激情和成功。介詞without后面用名詞或動(dòng)名詞，另外，句子主語(yǔ)They和disturb之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式beingdone。13．(2019·廣東省惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研考試)Afterdrinkingacupoftea,shefoundherselfcompletely________(refresh),andsheevenpraiseditasacureforallillnesses.答案：refreshed喝了一杯茶后，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己完全恢復(fù)了精神。herself和refresh構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因而用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。14．(2019·山東高考模擬)If________(interest),pleasecontactpell.Lab.study@gmail.comorPellLab:514－398－4400.答案：interestedif引導(dǎo)的省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為Ifyouareinterested“如果你感興趣的話”。15．(2019·山東濰坊高考模擬)Yourtourguidetakesgreatpridein________(offer)amazingcustomerservice.答案：offeringin是介詞，后接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)：下面每句各有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)把答案寫在句子后面的橫線上。)1．(2019·蘭州高三實(shí)戰(zhàn)模擬)Theyjustsitaroundwhiletheirhard-workingcolleaguesgetthingsdoing.__________________________________________________________________答案：doing→done此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作get的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，thing和do之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故把doing改為done。2．(2019·長(zhǎng)春市普通高中高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))Ifoundalittledirtydogbytheroadtrembledunderthebush.__________________________________________________________________答案：trembled→trembling句中動(dòng)詞tremble與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間沒(méi)有連詞，應(yīng)用其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且邏輯主語(yǔ)alittledirtydog與tremble之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式。3．(2019·北京市門頭溝高三一模)Decoratewithflowersandballoons,theroomwaswarmandcomfortable.__________________________________________________________________答案：Decorate→Decoratedtheroom和Decorate之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。4．(2019·河北石家莊高三一模)Overthecenturies,calligrapherswerefreetowriteinanyofthem,dependonthetext'sfunction.__________________________________________________________________答案：depend→dependingdepend和主語(yǔ)calligraphers之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故把depend改為depending。5．(2019·安徽省示范高中高三考試)SeenIwasnervousabouteatingwithchopsticks,Tonygavemesomeinstructions.__________________________________________________________________答案：Seen→Seeing句意：看到我對(duì)用筷子吃飯很緊張，托尼給了我一些指導(dǎo)。see的邏輯主語(yǔ)是Tony，兩者之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。6．(2019·河北衡水高三模擬)Thesolarhighwayisa2kmstretch(一段)ofroadlayingontheJinanCityExpressway,andit'sdividedintothreelayers.__________________________________________________________________答案：laying→lyingroad與lie之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，故把laying改為lying。7．(2019·黑龍江哈三中一模)WegatheredattheSunshineSquareandgaveoutleafletstopassers-by,tellthemtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.__________________________________________________________________答案：tell→tellingwe和tell之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。8．(2019·寧夏銀川一中一模)Iagreethatgetmyownplaceandbecomingindependentaretwoimportantwaysformetopreserveprivacy.__________________________________________________________________答案：get→gettingand連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，即getmyownplace與becomingindependent是并列主語(yǔ)，故把get改為getting。9．(2019·重慶4月調(diào)研)Moreover,itmaymakecommunicateeffectivelywithothersfacetofaceless.__________________________________________________________________答案：communicate→communicating分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，make后面接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞。10．(2019·陜西榆林一模)SofarwehaveorganizedvarietiesofactivitiesonEnglishlearning,suchaswatchingEnglishfilmsandgettogetherwithforeignstudents.__________________________________________________________________答案：get→getting根據(jù)前面watchingEnglishfilmsand的提示可知，后面get的短語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式。11．(2019·河北唐山市高三年級(jí)摸底考試)Nothavetriedthiskindofjob,wethoughtitwaseasytoteachlittlekids.__________________________________________________________________答案：have→havinghavetried和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞thought之間沒(méi)有連詞，故用其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且邏輯主語(yǔ)we和try之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且try這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，故將have改為having。12．(2019·寧夏銀川一中一模)IamwritingtoexpressmycongratulationstoyouonyourwinningfirstplaceintheEnglishSpeechCompetitionholdingrecently.__________________________________________________________________答案：holding→heldtheEnglishSpeechCompetition和hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。13．(2019·廣東華南師大附中聯(lián)考)DujiangyanstillletswaterflowthroughtheMinjiangRivernaturally,enableecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))andfishpopulationtoexistinharmony.__________________________________________________________________答案：enable→enabling句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lets，enable與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞間無(wú)連詞，故應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式；且此處表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。14．(2019·北京第四中學(xué)高考模擬)Shewillfacethechallengeofrideabiketoschool.__________________________________________________________________答案：ride→ridingof是介詞，后面接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞，故把ride改為riding。15．(2019·閩粵贛三省十校聯(lián)考模擬)Howcanyourecreatethatspecialmomentinfluencebyplaceandtime?__________________________________________________________________答案：influence→influencedspecialmoment和influence之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.選詞填空：從表格中選出符合句意的單詞，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。)eq\x(hang，hold，make，say，disappear，play，ask，research，write，stick)1．(2019·南師大附中、淮陰中學(xué)等四校期初聯(lián)考)Youneedtohelptakecareoftheirpetsandplants,________surethateverythingrunssmoothlyjustasiftheownerwereathome.答案：making此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。2．(2019·北京市海淀區(qū)高三4月期中)Sothescientistssay________outonacoldmorningmayboosttheresultofanytestthatday.答案：hanging此處表述科學(xué)家們說(shuō)，在寒冷的早晨外出可能會(huì)促進(jìn)當(dāng)天任何測(cè)試的結(jié)果。這里用動(dòng)名