文化型閱讀理解

專題五文化型閱讀理解

專題五

文化型閱讀理解專題五│專題導讀文化類閱讀理解文章屬高考常選材料之一。這類文章常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文學藝術、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造、文化遺產(chǎn)保護、宗教與文化、風俗與習慣、道德與法制、中外文學名著節(jié)選、各國學校教育、家庭教育等等。這類材料的命題點往往落在主旨大意題、事實細節(jié)題上。在做這類閱讀理解題時，應注意以下幾個方面：專題導讀專題五│專題導讀1.先題后文。先讀題目，再帶著問題讀文章。這類閱讀理解文章相對來說事實細節(jié)題稍多一點，如果帶著問題讀文章，有利于我們抓細節(jié)。2.先做細節(jié)題。因為做完了局部性的事實細節(jié)題后，自然會加深我們對文章的理解，這樣更有利于做主旨大意題。3.重點敲定主旨題。主旨大意題提問的形式主要有兩大類：一類是Mainidea型；一類是Topic或Title型。專題五│真題典例[2011·全國卷Ⅱ]ThewaywedothingsroundhereSomeyearsago，IwashiredbyanAmericanbank.IreceivedaletterfromtheheadofthePersonnelDepartmentthatstarted，“DearJohn,Iamquitepleasedthatyouhavedecidedtojoinus.”That“quite”saddenedme.Ithoughthewassaying“we'rekindofpleasedyoudecidedtojoinus真題典例專題五│真題典例althoughIwishwehadhiredsomeoneelse.”ThenIdiscoveredthatinAmericanEnglish“quite”sometimesmeans“very”，whileinBritishEnglishitmeans“fairly”．SothefirstlessonaboutworkinginothercountriesistolearnthelanguageandbythatIdon'tjustmeanthewordspeoplespeak.Itisbodylanguage，dress，manners，ideasandsoon.Thewaypeopledothingshighlightsmanyofthedifferencesweseebetweencultures(文化)．專題五│真題典例Someofthesedifferencesmaybeonlyonthesurface—dress，foodandhoursofwork—whileothersmaybedeeperandtakelongertodealwith.Mostly，itisjustaquestionofgettingusedtothedifferencesandacceptingthem，liketheclimate(氣候)，whilegettingonwithbusiness.Someofthedifferencesmaybeanimprovement.Peoplearemorepolite；theserviceisbetter；youaskforsomethingtobedoneandithappenswithouthavingtoaskagain.However，otherdifferencescanbetroubling，like專題五│真題典例punctuality(準時)．Ifyouinvitepeopletoapartyat7o'clockyourguestswillconsideritpolitetoturnupexactlyontimeinGermany，fiveminutesearlyintheAmericanMidwest，anhourearlyinJapan,15minutesafterwardsintheUK，uptoanhourafterwardsinItalyandsometimeintheeveninginGreece.Iprefernottousetheword“l(fā)ate”becausethereisnothingwrongwiththetimespeoplearrive.Itissimplytheacceptedthingtodointheirowncountry.專題五│真題典例

【要點綜述】作者以自己在美國的一次找工作的經(jīng)歷，說明了在國外工作了解外國文化差異的重要性。專題五│真題典例(

)1.TheauthorwasunhappyasmentionedinParagraph1becausehethought________.A．theAmericanbankdidn'tthinkmuchofhimB．theAmericanbankmighthireanotherpersonC．it'sdifficulttogetusedtoAmericancultureD．it'seasytomisunderstandAmericans專題五│真題典例【解析】

A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句話That“quite”saddenedme.和第四句話Ithoughthewassaying“we'rekindofpleasedyoudecidedtojoinusalthoughIwishwehadhiredsomeoneelse.”可知是A。結合下面的解釋AmericanEnglish“quite”的意思，可知B“這家銀行打算雇用另外一個人”錯誤。C“難以習慣美國文化”和D“容易誤解美國人”與事實不符。專題五│真題典例(

)2.Theword“highlights”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A．encourages B．helpstonarrowC．increasesD．drawsattentionto【解析】

2．D詞義猜測題。從第二段的最后一句話畫線部分前面的Thewaypeopledothings和后面的manyofthedifferencesweseebetweencultures可知這里的highlights是“吸引注意力”的意思。A項意為“鼓勵”，B項意為“幫助縮小”，C項意為“增加”，與語境不符。專題五│真題典例(

)3.Accordingtotheauthor，whatshouldwedowithmostculturaldifferences?A．Askthenativepeopleforhelp.B．Understandandacceptthem.C．Dothingsinourownway.D．Doin-depthresearch.【解析】

3．B細節(jié)理解題。從第三段的第二句話Mostly，itisjustaquestionofgettingusedtothedifferencesandacceptingthem可知是B。專題五│真題典例(

)4.Wheninvitedtoapartythepeoplewhoareusuallypunctualare________.A．Italians B．Germans C．Greeks D．theBritish

【解析】

4．B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第四句話yourguestswillconsideritpolitetoturnupexactlyontimeinGermany以及后面給出的各個國家的例子，可知是德國人最守時。

專題五│新題預測(一)OvertheyearsI'vebeenteachingkidsaboutasimplebutpowerfulspirit—theantphilosophy(哲學).Ithinkeverybodyshouldstudyants.Antshaveanamazingfour-partphilosophy,andhereisthefirstpart：theyneverquit.That'sagoodphilosophy.Ifthey'reheadedsomewhereandyoutrytostopthem,they'lllookforanotherway.They'llclimbover，they'llclimb新題預測專題五│新題預測under,andthey'llclimbaround.Theykeeplookingforanotherway.Whataneatphilosophy,toneverquitlookingforawaytogetwherethey'resupposedtogo.Second,antsthinkwinterallsummer.That'sanimportantperspective(態(tài)度，觀點).Youcan'tbesonaive(無知的)astothinksummerwilllastforever.Soantsaregatheringintheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummer.Anancientstorysays,“Don'tbuildyourhouseonthesandin專題五│新題預測summer.”Itisimportanttothinkahead.Insummer,youhavetothinkaboutthestorm.Youhavetothinkaboutrocksasyouenjoythesandandsun.Thethirdpartoftheantphilosophyisthatantsthinksummerallwinter.Thatissoimportant.Duringthewinter,antsremindthemselves,“Thiswon'tlastlong；we'llsoonbeoutofhere.”Andonthefirstwarmday,theantsareout.Ifitturnscoldagain,they'llgoback,butthentheycomeoutagainifitiswarm.Theycan'twaittogetout.

專題五│新題預測Andhereisthelastpartoftheantphilosophy.Howmuchwillanantgatherduringthesummertoprepareforthewinter?Allthathepossiblycan.Whatanincredible(難以置信的)philosophy,the“all-that-you-possibly-can”philosophy.Whatagreatantphilosophy!Nevergiveup,lookahead,stayactiveanddoallyoucan.

專題五│新題預測(

)1.Ifantshavetroublereachingsomewhere,theywill________.A．giveuptheireffortatlastB．lookforothers'helpC.waitforachancetocomeD．getthereinanotherway【解析】

D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ifthey'reheadedsomewhereandyoutrytostopthem,they'lllookforanotherway.”可知，它們會尋找其他方法到達它們想去的地方。專題五│新題預測(

)2.InParagraph3,peopleareadvised________.A．tobuildtheirhousesinwinterB．togathersomefoodinwinterC．tobuildthehouseonthesandinsummerD．tothinkaboutthestorminsummer【解析】

2．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Insummer,youhavetothinkaboutthestorm.”可以確定答案。專題五│新題預測(

)3.Thethirdpartoftheantphilosophyis________.A．moreimportantthantheotherthreeB．tobelieveinyourselfandthinkaboutnodifficultyC．tobeactiveandmakeuseofeveryopportunityD．thatweshouldknowwinterislongerthansummer【解析】

3．C細節(jié)理解題。第四段中的“Duringthewinter，antsremindthemselves，…Theycan'twaittogetout.”，以及作者在最后一段中所概括的“stayactive”，表明螞蟻有積極進取的精神。專題五│新題預測()4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthe“all-that-you-possibly-can”philosophy?A．Weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwecan.B．Oneshouldthinkofwhatwillhappeninthefuture.C．Oneshouldgetmorepayforwhathehasdone.D．Weshouldspendmoretimedoingourwork.

【解析】

4．A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句的“Howmuchwillanantgatherduringthesummertoprepareforthewinter?Allthathepossiblycan.”可知答案。

專題五│新題預測(二)Once,manyyearsago,IpulledafamilyoutofaburningcarsomewhereinWyoming.LastweekIreceivedatelephonecallfromawomanwhocouldnotstopcryingasshetoldmethatoneofmystorieshadsavedhersonfromcommittingsuicide.Inclosingshecalledmeahero.Thatgotmethinkingaboutwhataherois.WasIaherobecauseIpulledafamilyfromaburningcar?Ifso,howcouldIbeaherojustbecauseIwroteastorythatsavedsomeone'slife?專題五│新題預測TodayIdecidedtolookuptheword“hero”inthedictionarytoseeexactlywhatitmeant.Itread“apersonwhodoessomethingbrave”andalso“apersonwhoisgoodandnoble”．Thatstatementimpressedmemorethanthepartaboutbeingbrave.SoIthoughtaboutsomethingveryimportant.AndIrememberedwhathappenedtomeyearsago.專題五│新題預測Aftermymarriageoftwentyyearsended,Iwasinsuchacondition.Iwaswithinhourstryingtogetupenoughcouragetoendthepainandmisery.WhenIreturnedhome,someonehadsentmeacardinthemailwhichtoldmehowmuchtheywouldappreciatemeasafriend.Thatwonderfulcardprobablysavedmylife.Thatperson,withoutevenknowing_it,_savedalifeandbecameahero.

專題五│新題預測ManystoriesIkeptwritinginthefollowingyearssavedthelifeofateenageboy.Inturnthatmakesthepersonwhosentmethecardadoublehero.IsupposethatiswhyIfightsohardtohelpthechildrennowlivinginorphanages(孤兒院).Mostchildrencomeoutoftheseinstitutionswithaveryhardandbitterattitudeagainsttheworld.Thegiftswesendthemletthemknowthattheyhavenotbeenforgotten.Hopefully,mostofthemwillneverhurtanyonebecauseofthekindnessshowntothembythoseofuswhocared.Ifitworks,wewillalsobecome“heroes”．

專題五│新題預測(

)1.Themainideaofthepassageis________.A．whythewritershouldbeahero B．whataheroexactlyisC．whetherthewriterisahero D．thateveryoneisahero【解析】

B主旨大意題。從第二段的開頭“Thatgotmethinkingaboutwhataherois”到結束，作者都圍繞著“什么是英雄”這個話題，因此主旨大意應該是B。專題五│新題預測(

)2.Whydidthewomancallthewriteraheroattheendofthecall?A．Becausehisstorysavedherson'slife.B．Becausehesavedafamilyfromaburningcar.C．Becauseheasked