新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit3Warandpeace突破語(yǔ)法大沖關(guān)學(xué)案外研版選擇性

Unit3Warandpeace主謂一致(一)主謂一致是指句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其主語(yǔ)在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上保持一致。[觀察例句]①Theenemywerehiding，readytoattacktheAlliedsoldiers...②Yourenemyiswelltrained，wellequippedandbattle-hardened...③Myfamilyisahappyone.④It'smyfavouritefilmandmyfamilylovewatchingit，too.⑤TheclasswereveryinterestedinMr.Zhang'steaching.⑥Politicsisthestudyofthewaysinwhichcountriesaregoverned.⑦Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertshascausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.⑧Tobestrictwithoneselfisagoodqualityofaperson.1．①②③④⑤句中，enemy，family，class等集體名詞表示整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表示組成集體的成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。2．句⑥中，學(xué)科名詞politics(政治)等?？醋鲉螖?shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3．句⑦⑧中，動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。[歸納用法]1．集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致(1)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，如果表示一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)組成集體的個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這類名詞有family，class，team，group，enemy，army，audience,band,club，crowd，staff，committee，company,crew,government,public等。ThefamilyhassettledinCanada.這家人已定居加拿大。Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Thecommitteeconsistsof10members.委員會(huì)由十個(gè)成員組成。Thecommitteehaven'treachedanyagreement.委員們沒(méi)有達(dá)成任何一致意見。(2)個(gè)別集體名詞，如people，police，cattle等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thepoliceareinvestigatingthecase.警方正在調(diào)查這個(gè)案件。Thecattlearegrazinginthefield.牛群正在牧場(chǎng)吃草。Manycattlewerekilledforthis.就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因宰了不少牲畜。[即學(xué)即練1]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Hisfamilyare(be)allimportantpersons.②Peopleinthiscountryare(be)reallyhappy.③Thepolicewere(be)searchingforthecriminalsyesterdayafternoon.④Theaudiencewere(be)clappingforovertenminutes.2．單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，后面緊跟aswellas，ratherthan,but，except，besides，with，alongwith，togetherwith，like，including，inadditionto，combinedwith等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Theteacheraswellasthestudentsisreadytohelpothers.不僅學(xué)生們樂(lè)于助人，老師也樂(lè)于助人。Thegirltogetherwithsomeboyshasgonetoplanttrees.那個(gè)女孩和一些男孩一起去植樹了。3．單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)其意義是單數(shù)概念還是復(fù)數(shù)概念來(lái)判斷謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)。如means方式，方法，sheep羊，deer鹿，works工廠等。Everymeanshasbeentriedmanytimes.每一種辦法都已經(jīng)試過(guò)多次了。Allpossiblemeanshavebeentriedmanytimes.所有可能的方法都已經(jīng)試過(guò)很多次了。Thisworkswasbuiltin1982.這座工廠是1982年建的。Byfar，threesteelworkshavebeencloseddowninthiscity.到目前為止，這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)關(guān)閉了三座鋼鐵廠。4．單數(shù)概念的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致單數(shù)概念的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞(如學(xué)科、機(jī)構(gòu)、書名、劇名、國(guó)名等)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。如physics物理，mathematics/maths數(shù)學(xué)，economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，politics政治學(xué)，gymnastics體操，theUnitedStates美國(guó)，theUnitedNations聯(lián)合國(guó)，ADreaminRedMansions(TheStoryoftheStone)《紅樓夢(mèng)》，Anderson'sFairyTales《安徒生童話集》等。Asweknow，physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.我們知道物理是自然科學(xué)中的一門基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科。Mathematicsisarequiredcourseformiddleschoolstudents.數(shù)學(xué)是中學(xué)生的一門必修課。TheUnitedStatesis美國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。TheNewYorkTimesiswidelyreadintheworld.《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》在全世界被廣泛閱覽。[即學(xué)即練2]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Eachpossiblemeanshasbeentried(try)againandagain.②Thegirlthinkspoliticsis(be)muchmoredifficultthanphysics.③TheUnitedNationsreports(report)abouthalfofallpeopleaffectedorkilledbydisastersarechildren.④Anderson'sFairyTalesis(be)myfavouritenovel.5．“兩部分”概念的物體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但是如果這些詞由單位詞(apairof，akindof,asuitof，apieceof等)修飾時(shí)，單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞如chopsticks,compasses，glasses,gloves，jeans，pants，scissors，shoes，shorts，socks，trousers等。Mytrousersarewhite.我的褲子是白色的。Whyareyourshoessodirty?為什么你的鞋子那么臟？Apairofscissorsislyinginthatdrawer.一把剪刀放在那個(gè)抽屜里。Thesekindsofglassesarepopularthissummer.這種眼鏡今年夏天很受歡迎。6．名詞短語(yǔ)(距離、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、金額等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致當(dāng)名詞短語(yǔ)的中心詞為表示距離、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。這類復(fù)數(shù)名詞有miles，dollars，pounds，kilograms，kilometres，centimeters,millimeters，seconds，hours，years等。Fivedollarsseemsafairprice.五美元看起來(lái)是一個(gè)公道的價(jià)格。Twokilometresisnotveryfarfortheyoungman.對(duì)那個(gè)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，兩公里不是很遠(yuǎn)。Fivehoursisashorttimeforsuchadifficultjob.對(duì)于這么難的工作來(lái)說(shuō)，五個(gè)小時(shí)是很短的時(shí)間。[即學(xué)即練3]翻譯句子①我上周買的太陽(yáng)鏡看起來(lái)很酷。ThesunglassesIboughtlastweeklookverycool.②上星期天公共汽車上留下了一副手套。AsuitofgloveswasleftonthebuslastSunday.③他們走的最遠(yuǎn)的距離是兩英里。Twomilesisasfarastheycanwalk.7．more(...)thanone.../manya...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致“morethanone/manya...＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；“more＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋thanone”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。Morethanonewhiterosehasbloomedinthegarden.花園里開了不止一朵白玫瑰。Morewhiterosesthanonehavebloomedinthegarden.花園里開了許多白玫瑰。Manyachildwasplayingthere.很多小孩在那兒玩。8．“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的名詞的數(shù)。Twothirdsofthestudentssupporttheplan.三分之二的學(xué)生支持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.地球表面的四分之三是海。EightypercentoftheemployeesinthecompanyarefromBeijing.公司80%的員工來(lái)自北京。[即學(xué)即練4]翻譯句子①不止一個(gè)學(xué)生考試未及格。(morethan)Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.②許多孩子都喜歡踢足球。(manya)Manyachildlikesplayingfootball.③這所學(xué)校70%的教師是女性。(percent)Seventypercentoftheteachersinthisschoolarewomen.Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Theaudienceis(be)solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.2．Manyaparenthas(have)hadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.3．Agroupofsheepare(be)eatinggrassandleavesatthefootofthehill.4．Peoplehaveshown(show)greatlovetothevictimssincethedisasterhappened.5．Eighthoursofsleepis(be)enough.6．Tom，togetherwithhisfriends，has(have)goneouttoplay.7．Apairofglasseswas(be)lostontheplaygroundyesterdayafternoon.8．Twentydollarsforthelittlepoorgirlwas(be)toomuchthen.9．Thiskindofappletastes(taste)good.Applesofthiskindtaste(taste)good.10．Thericharefortheplan，whilethepoorareagainstit.(be)Ⅱ.短文語(yǔ)法填空L＝LilyJ＝JamesL:Wow,yournewhouseissobeautiful!Andalltheroomsaredecoratedinanelegantstyle.J:Thankyou.Youknow,ittookusnearlyfivemonthstocompletethedecorationofthehouse.Andallthefurniture1.wasselecte