2023年初升高暑期話題閱讀專練：衛(wèi)生與健康（含解析）

第第頁2023年初升高暑期話題閱讀專練：衛(wèi)生與健康（含解析）2023年初升高暑期話題閱讀專練：衛(wèi)生與健康

（共9題）

一、閱讀理解題（共9題）

SmokingforLife

InEurope,over215millionpeoplesmokeeveryday.Itisabadthing.Everyoneknowstheyshouldn'tsmokebecausesmokingisreallybadforthehealth.SowhydopeopledoitThetruthisthatnearly95%ofadult(成年人)smokersstartedwhentheywereteenagers(青少年).Peopledon'tusuallystartsmokingaftertheageof20.Butbecausesmokingisveryaddictive(使人上癮的),it'shardtostopafteryoustart.Soifyoustartsmokingasateenager,you'llfinditdifficulttogiveupasanadult.Andalmosteveryadultwhosmokeswishestheyhadneverstarted.

Althoughpeopleknowaboutthedangersofsmoking,psychologists(心理學(xué)家)andparentsstillcan'tfindawaytostopteenagersdoingit.IntheUnitedStates,about3,000teenagerstrytheirfirstcigaretteeveryday.That'sonemillionnewteenagesmokerseveryyear.

Teenagersunderstandthatsmokingisbadforthembutjustdon'tusetheircommonsense.Manyteenagersbelievethatsmokingmakesthem"cool"and"adult"(成熟的).Somedoitjustbecausetheirfriendsaredoingit.

"Unfortunately(不幸地),whenanadultseesyousmoking,it'slikewearingabig'I'maStupidTeenager'sign(符號、指示牌)aroundyourneck,"saysMarshallBraininhisbook,ATeenager'sGuidetotheRealWorld."Adultsdon'tdecidetostartsmoking.Ifyoustartsmokingasateenager,you'llhaveahabitthatisdirty,expensive,unhealthyandunwantedfortherestofyourlife."

Thegoodnewsisthatthenumberofteenswhosmokeisfalling.Iamveryhappyaboutit.Today,intheUS,onlyabout22%ofteenagerssmoke,downfrom36%just7yearsago.Ihopethenumberwillcontinuetofall.

(1)Thewriterthinks_____.

A．it'seasyforteenagerstostopsmoking

B．teenagerswanttobespecialbysmoking

C．teenagersdon'tknowtheharmofsmoking

D．smokingisanexpensiveandcoolhabitforteenagers

(2)Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout_____.

A．whymanyteenagerssmoke

B．whatadultscandoforteenagers

C．howteenagerscanstopsmoking

D．howmanyteenagersaresmoking

(3)Whatisthewriter'smainpurpose(目的)inwritingthispassage

A．Toshareabookaboutteenagerssmoking.

B．Toexplainreasonsaboutteenagerssmoking.

C．Tointroducesomebadpointsaboutcigarettes.

D．Tomaketeenagersstayawayfromthecigarettes.

MollyLindaMark

Swim√××

Rideabike√√×

Rideahorse×√√

Playfootball√×√

Playtennis×√×

(1)()MollyandLindacanrideabike.

(2)()Markcan'tswim,rideabikeorplaytennis.

(3)()Mollycanrideahorseandplaytennis.

(4)()Lindacanrideahorse,rideabike,butshecan'tplaytennis.

(5)()MollyandMarkcan'tplaytennis.

Wewanttobehealthy.Weknowfoodisveryimportant.Thereislotsofhealthyfood.Wecanhavemoreapples,bananas,oranges,carrotsandtomatoesbecausefruitandvegetablesaregoodforus.Thereisasaying"Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway."Wecan'teattoomuchice-cream.Itisnotgoodforus.

Sportscanalso(也)keepushealthy.Domoresportseveryday.Wewillbehealthyandhappy.

(1)Arefruitandvegetableshealthyfood

(2)Whycan'tweeattoomuchice-cream

(3)Whatcankeepushealthy

(4)短文中劃線單詞“It”指的是“”

(5)從文中找出和下列句子劃線部分意思相近的詞語

Itisbadtoeatmuchchocolate.

Tom'seatinghabits

breakfastlunchdinner

√×√×√×

(1)Forbreakfast,Tomlikes,buthedoesn'tlike.

(2)請仿照以上句型和圖片提示寫出Tom午餐和晚餐的喜好。

(3)請仿照以上句型寫兩個關(guān)于自己的三餐飲食喜好的句子。

It'sveryimportantforustohaveahealthyeatinghabit.Agoodeatinghabitmakesyouhealthyandstrong.Butwhatismyhealthyeatinghabit

Iliketoeatnoodles,rice,bread,eggsandmilkeveryday.Theygivemeheat.Therearealotofvitaminsinvegetablesandfruit.SoIhavevegetableseighttoeleventimesaweek.Ieatfruitseventoninetimesaweek.Idon'teattoomuchfishandmeat.Ionlyhavefishandmeatthreetofourtimesaweek.Inevereatjunkfood.It'sbadformyhealth.Andthemostimportanteatinghabitistoeatlessformysupper,becausebeforesleeping,eatingtoomuchisbadforourhealth.

Let'shaveahealthyeatinghabittokeepourselvesfit!

(1)Whatisimportantforus

(2)Whatdoesthewritereateveryday

(3)Whydoesheeatvegetablesandfruit

(4)Howmanytimesdoesheeatvegetables

(5)What'sthemostimportanteatinghabit

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

(1)HowoftendomoststudentsofGrade8exercise

A．Everyday.B．Onceortwiceaweek.

C．Threeorfourtimesaweek.

(2)HowmanystudentsofGrade8exerciseatleastthreetimesaweek

A．32.B．48.C．80.

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

Karenalwayssaidthatshedidn'tlikeherhouseatall.OnedayIaskedwhyshedidn'tlookforanotherhouse.Karenanswered,"IwilllookforanotheronewhenIcomebackfromvacation."

Samhatedhisjob.However,helovedtakingphotos,andwastakingatwo-yearcoursetomakehimbetteratit.Everydayhesaidhisworkwasboring.Iaskedhimwhyhedidn'tgiveuphisjobandstartabusinessoftakingphotos.Hisreplywas,"WhenIfinishmycourse,Iwillstartabusiness."

Harryworkedforacompanythatallowedhimtoretire(退休)early,buthehadtogetlessmoneyafterheretired.NowHarrybecameveryweakandfounditdifficulttodealwithhiswork.Iwasworriedabouthishealthbecausetoomuchworkwasbadforhim."Whydon'tyouretire,HarryDosomethingthatyouwanttodo,"Isaid."IfIwereolder,Iwouldgetmyfullpay.Whenthenextsummercomes,maybeIwill,"Harryreplied.

Thereisanoldsayingthatsays,"IfandWhenwereplanted,andNothinggrew."Ayearlater,Karenisstilllivinginthehouseshehates.Samisstillbusywithhisboringjobandhasn'tfinishedhiscourse.Harryisstillworkingandhishealthisevenworse.Thesepeoplehadalotofstressintheirlivesandcouldn'tchangethesituationsbythinking"iforwhen".

Lifeistooshortfor"ifsandwhens".Thenexttimeyoufindyourselfthinking"iforwhen",rememberthesaying:"IfandWhenwereplanted,andNothinggrew."

(1)HowdidKarenlikeherhouse

A．Shelikedit.B．Shehatedit.

C．Shevaluedit.D．Shedidn'tmindit.

(2)WhatcoursewasSamtaking

A．Tour-guiding.B．Advice-giving.

C．Picture-taking.D．House-painting.

(3)Whydidn'tHarrywanttoretire

A．Becausehewasverystrongandhealthy.

B．Becausehewasn'tallowedtoretireearly.

C．Becausehisworkwasinterestingandrelaxing.

D．Becausehewantedtogetfullpayafterretirement.

(4)WhichofthefollowingisTRUE

A．Samhasfinishedhiscourse.

B．Karenlivesinanewhousenow.

C．Harryisstillworkinginthecompanynow.

D．Theydidn'thaveanystressintheirlivesatall.

(5)Theunderlinedoldsayingwantstotellus_____.

A．whentogrowplantsB．totakeactionatonce

C．tostopworkinghardD．howtochangeyourself

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

MybrotherandIlikesportsverymuch.Welikerunning,playingbasketball,swimmingandsoon.Ofallthesportswelikeswimmingbest.Swimmingisreallyinteresting.Ifyouswiminthepool,youwilllooklikealovelyfish.Verycool!Youwillbehappyifyoucanswim.Ifyouoftenswim,youwillbehealthy.Swimmingcanbringyoualotoffun.Comeandenjoyswimmingwithusinthefollowingtwoclubs.

CityClub

SwimmingMon.~Sun.8:00p.m.~9:00p.m.

BasketballMon.~Sun.8:00a.m.~5:00p.m.

VolleyballSat.~Sun.10:00a.m.~6:00p.m.

Tel:865-2236http://www.

CoolClub

SwimmingMon.~Fri.3:00p.m.~8:00p.m.

BasketballMon.~Sun.8:00a.m.~6:00p.m.

Tel:662-3368

(1)Whichsportdothewriterandhisbrotherlikebest

A．Sports.B．Basketball.C．Football.D．Swimming.

(2)Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutswimmingoften

A．Veryboring.B．Likeacoolfish.

C．Excited.D．Goodforhealth.

(3)IfthewriterwantstoswimonSunday,wherecanhego

A．CityClub.B．CoolClub.

C．BothAandB.D．Hecan'tswimonSunday.

(4)Ifyouwanttojointheminswimmingintheafternoon,wherecanyoufindthem

A．CityClub.B．CoolClub.

C．BothAandB.D．Youcan'tfindthem.

(5)Whichclubhasawebsite(網(wǎng)站)

A．CityClub.B．CoolClub.

C．BothAandB.D．Neither.

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

Influenza,orflu(流感),isatypeofvirus.Itspreadsfromonepersontoanotherquickly.Whensomeonewhohastheflucoughsorsneezes,littledropletsfromtheirlungs(肺)spreadoutintotheair.Anyonenearbycangetsick.Evenapersonwhotouchessomethingwiththevirusandthentoucheshisorhermouth,eyes,ornose,canbecomeinfected(感染).

Theoutbreakofthe1918influenzainfectedabout500millionpeopleworldwide.Itkilledfrom20millionto50millionpeople.ItwasfirstseeninEurope,theunitedStates,andpartsofAsia.Itthenspreadquicklyaroundtheworld.Manypeoplewhobecamesickwereyoung,healthyadults.Atthetime,notreatmentsworkedinthepreventionofthespreadofthekillerflu.Peoplewereorderedtowearmasks.Schools,theatresandotherpublicplaceswereclosed.

Whenthefirstwave(波)inthespringof1918hit,itdidn'tseemserious.Peoplewhowereinfectedfelttheusualflusymptoms(癥狀),whicharechills,fevers,andfeelingtired.Thosewhogotsickgenerallygotbetterafterseveraldays.Notmanydied.However,asecond,highlycontagious(傳染的)waveofinfluenzaappearedinthefallofthatsameyear.Victimsdiedshortlyaftertheywereinfected—withinhoursordays.Theirskinturnedblueandtheirlungswerefilledwithliquid(液體),makingitverydifficulttobreathe.

Bythesummerof1919,theflupandemic(大流行病)cametoanend.Sickpeoplehadeithergotwellordied.Almost90yearslater,in2023,researchersannouncedthey'ddiscoveredwhythe1918fluwassodeadly.Thefluvirusinflamed(使……惡化)thelungs,causingthemtofillwithliquid.

Since1918,therehavebeenseveralotherinfluenzapandemics,althoughnonehasbeenquiteasdeadly.

(1)Whatinformationaboutthe1918fluismentionedinthepassage

A．Thereasonwhyitwassodeadly.

B．Thereasonwhyitended.

C．Thechangeitcausedtomedicalresearch.

D．Theplaceinwhichitwaslastseen.

(2)Allthepeoplethatwereinfectedwiththe1918flu_____.

A．hadblueskinthatledtotheirdeath

B．hadtouchedsomeonewiththevirus

C．diedastheirlungswerefilledwithliquid

D．hadthevirusintheirbodiesthatmadethemsick

(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthe1918fluisTRUEaccordingtothepassage

A．Wearingamaskwasthebestwaytotreatit.

B．Ayoungerpersonhadalowerriskofbeinginfectedwithit.

C．Peopleexpectedthecomingofitssecondwave,butcouldn'tstopit.

D．Itwasdeadlierthananyotherinfluenzapandemicinmodernhistory.

答案

一、閱讀理解題（共9題）

1.【答案】

(1)B

(2)A

(3)D

【解析】

(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)Manyteenagersbelievethatsmokingmakesthe"cool"and"adult"(成熟的)。許多青少年認(rèn)為吸煙使他們“冷靜”和“成熟”。

(2)段落大意題。本段大意：青少年明白吸煙對他們不利，但只是不使用他們的常識。許多青少年認(rèn)為吸煙使他們“冷靜”和“成熟”。有些人只是因?yàn)樗麄兊呐笥颜谧鲞@件事?？芍窃诮忉屒嗌倌晡鼰煹脑?。

(3)主旨大意題。根據(jù)Today,intheUS,onlyabout22%ofteenagerssmoke,downfrom36%just7yearsago.Ihopethenumberwillcontinuetofall.今天，在米國，只有約22%的青少年吸煙，低于7年前的36%。我希望這個數(shù)字會繼續(xù)下降。可知是希望青少年遠(yuǎn)離煙。

2.【答案】

(1)錯誤

(2)正確

(3)錯誤

(4)錯誤

(5)正確

3.【答案】

(1)Yes,theyare.

(2)Becauseice-creamisnotgoodforourhealth.

(3)Healthyfoodandsportscankeepushealthy.

(4)ice-cream

(5)lotsof

【解析】

(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句話“Wecanhavemoreapples,bananas,oranges,carrotsandtomatoesbecausefruitandvegetablesaregoodforus.”可知，水果和蔬菜都是健康食物，題干為一般疑問句，因此答句要用“Yes，主語+系動詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。主語“fruitandvegetables”是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此答句應(yīng)當(dāng)使用they避免重復(fù)。

(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句話“Wecan'teattoomuchice-cream,Itisnotgoodforus.”可知，冰淇淋對我們的身體不好，所以不能吃太多冰淇淋。

(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句話“Weknowfoodisveryimportant.Thereislotsofhealthyfood.”和第二段第一句話“Sportscanalsokeepushealthy.”可知，健康的食物和運(yùn)動都能讓我們保持健康。

(4)詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Wecan'teattoomuchice-cream.”可知，表示我們不能吃太多冰淇淋，結(jié)合語境可推知，這是因?yàn)楸苛軐ξ覀兩眢w不好，因此可知，it是代指上文出現(xiàn)的ice-cream。

(5)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。原句劃線部分意為“許多”，much只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，原文第一段第三句話“Thereislotsofhealthyfood.”中，lotsof意為許多，與much同義，且可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，可以與much互換。

4.【答案】

(1)bread;eggs

(2)Forlunch,Tomlikesrice,buthedoesn'tlikecarrots;Fordinner,Tomlikeschicken,buthedoesn'tlikeapples.

(3)略。

5.【答案】

(1)Tohaveahealthyeatinghabit.

(2)Noodles,rice,bread,eggsandmilk.

(3)Therearealotofvitaminsinvegetablesandfruit.

(4)Eighttoeleventimesaweek.

(5)Eatinglessforsupper.

Toeatlessforsupper.

6.【答案】

(1)B

(2)C

【解析】

(1)此題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案出處：餅圖中的灰色部分。75%：onceortwiceaweek百分之七十五：一周一次或兩次。

因此，正確答案是B。

(2)此題是推理判斷題。答案出處：餅圖中的橙色部分。15%：threeorfourtimesaweek百分之十五：一周三次或四次。餅圖中的藍(lán)色部分：10%：everyday百分之十：每天。ExercisehabitsofGrade8(320students)八年級的運(yùn)動習(xí)慣（320名學(xué)生）。計(jì)算方法為：320×（15%+10%）=80。

因此，正確答案是C。

7.【答案】

(1)B

(2)C

(3)D

(4)C

(5)B

【解析】

(1)此題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案出處：Karenalwayssaidthatshedidn'tlikeherhouseatall.Karen總是說她一點(diǎn)也不喜歡她的房子。

因此，正確答案是B。

(2)此題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案出處：Samhatedhisjob.However,helovedtakingphotos,andwastakingatwo-yearcoursetomakehimbetteratit.Sam討厭他的工作。然而，他喜歡拍照，并參加了一個為期兩年的課程，以使他更好地做到這一點(diǎn)。

因此，正確答案是C。

(3)此題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案出處：IfIwereolder,Iwouldgetmyfullpay.如果我年紀(jì)大些，我就能拿到我的全部工資了。

因此，正確答案是D。

(4)此題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案出處：NowHarrybecameveryweakandfounditdifficulttodealwithhiswork.Iwasworriedabouthishealthbecausetoomuchworkwasbadforhim.現(xiàn)在Harry變得非常虛弱，覺得很難處理他的工作。我擔(dān)心他的健康，因?yàn)楣ぷ魈鄬λ泻Α?/p>

因此，正確答案是C。

(5)此題是句意理解題。答案出處：Thereisanoldsayingthatsays,"IfandWhenwereplanted,andNothinggrew."Ayearlater,Karenisstilllivinginthehouseshehates.Sa