營養(yǎng)學(xué)之植物化學(xué)物課件

第二章植物化學(xué)物(Phytochemicals)Valadononry.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyLContentOutlinesDefinition定義Classification分類Physiologicaleffects生物學(xué)作用Epidemiologicalevidencefortheprotectiveeffects健康保護(hù)作用的流行病學(xué)證據(jù)Valadononry.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL概述初級代謝產(chǎn)物(Primarymetabolite和次級代謝產(chǎn)物(secondarymetabo|ite植物次級代謝產(chǎn)物對健康具有有益和有害的雙重作用(dualeffects)。以前只了解它們的毒性作用,如有些因限制營養(yǎng)素的利用而被認(rèn)為是“抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)素”或“有毒”的代謝物。Valadononry.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyLPhytochemicalsDefinitionPhytochemicalsexistinplantfoodandareactivecomponentsofsecondarymetabolites(excludingvitamins).在植物性食品中存在,是植物次級代謝產(chǎn)物中除傳統(tǒng)營養(yǎng)素(不含維生素)以外的活性物質(zhì)。Valadononry.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL·對植物化學(xué)物有益作用的認(rèn)識始于農(nóng)場動物的觀察,這些家畜常常是連續(xù)幾個月只喂飼單一植物草料,然而卻能正常生長和發(fā)育。從化學(xué)上講,這些次級代謝產(chǎn)物種類多,估計有60,000-100,000種。從數(shù)量上講,與初級代謝產(chǎn)物相比又微乎其微。每天攝入的植物化學(xué)物大致為1.5g。Valadononry.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL二、植物化學(xué)物的分類(categoryofphytochemicals和惹仁燕蓮子Valadononry.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL表1植物化學(xué)物的分類及它們生物學(xué)作用植物化學(xué)物生物學(xué)作用ABCDEFGH類胡蘿卜素植物固醇皂甙芥子油甙多酚蛋白醇抑制劑o單萜類植物雌激素硫化物植酸注:A=抗癌作用B=抗微生物C〓=抗氧化D抗血栓E=免疫調(diào)節(jié)F=抑制炎癥G=影響血壓H=降低膽固醇I=調(diào)節(jié)血糖J=促進(jìn)消化Valadononry.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyLTablelClassificationofphytochemicalsandtheirmaineffectsPhytochemicalBiologicaleffectsAbCDEFGHCarotenoidsoooSaponinsPolyphenolsProtease-inhibitorsoMonoterpenesPhyto-oestrogensOOPhyticacidD=antithromboticIsogenIcSresisufluenceofbloodpromigestiveE=immunomodulatoryC=antioxidativeinhibitionofinfluenceofbloodValadononry.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL1類胡蘿卜素象(carotenoidsCarotenoidsarewidespreadsecondaryplantmetabolitesinfruitsandvegetables.Oneoftheirmainfunctionsistoprovidetheredandyellowcolortotheplant類胡蘿卜素是水果和蔬菜中廣泛存在的植物次級代謝產(chǎn)物,它們的主要功能之一是使植物顯示出紅色或黃色。Valadononry.chAsposeslidesforNET4odientPEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAsposeSlidesforNET4.0dientProfilo71Copyright2019-2019AsposePtyL1類胡蘿卜素(carotenoids)無氧型(oxygen-fre)x-胡蘿卜素β-胡蘿卜素}熱穩(wěn)定型番茄紅素有氧型(oxygen-containing)黃體素玉米黃素?zé)崦舾行挺?隱黃素V