大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作正文的常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)法課件

LectureNine文章正文段的常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)法模式一做某事的好處做某事的壞處例如：1992年12月CET-4：ThePositiveandNegativeAspectsofSports1.體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處。2.體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可能帶來(lái)的副作用。3.我參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的體會(huì)。CET-6MotorcyclesandCityTraffic1.近年來(lái)中國(guó)城市中的摩托車(chē)2.摩托車(chē)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)3.你對(duì)我國(guó)城市中摩托車(chē)發(fā)展前景的看法1996年1月CET-4：TheTwo-DayWeekend1.雙休日給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)的好處2.雙休日可能給大學(xué)生帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題3.我應(yīng)該怎樣過(guò)好雙休日常用寫(xiě)法一Doingsth.hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Theadvantagesofdoingsth.canbeillustratedfromthefollowing.Tobeginwith,…Secondly,…Lastbutnotleast,…However,therearealsosomedisadvantagesofdoingsth.Firstofall,…Anotherdisadvantageis…Inaddition,…常用寫(xiě)法二Thereareseveraladvantagesofdoingsth.Inthefirstplace,…Inthesecondplace,…Whatismore,Justaseverythinghastwosides,doingsomethingcanalsocausesomeproblems.Foronething,…Foranother,…Forstillanother,…Furthermore,…Therearesomepositiveaspectsofdoingsth.Doingsth.canresultinmanygoodaspects.Therearealsosomenegativeaspectsofdoingsth.Doingsth.canalsoleadto/bringabout/giverisetosomepositiveaspects.

ExampleOne:PositiveandNegativeAspectsofSportsWiththeimprovementofpeople’slivingstandards,anincreasingnumberofpeoplehavebecomeawareoftheimportanceofgoodhealthandmoreandmorepeoplehavebeeninterestedintakingpartinsports.Sportsbenefitusinmanyaspects.(Therearemanypositiveaspectsoftakingpartinsports.)Tobeginwith,whendoingsports,wegetthechancetotrainallpartsofourbodies.Thereisnodoubtthatpropersportsactivitieskeepourphysicalfitness.Furthermore,sportscanenrichourlifeandmaintainourpsychologicalhealth.Throughparticipationinsports,everyonecanlearnthatontheplaygroundhenotonlystrugglesforhimselfbutalsofightsforhisteam.Sportsteachusaboutconsideration,cooperationandoptimism.

Ontheotherhand,sportsmaydosomeharmtothosewhodonotplantheiractivitiesproperly.(However,therearealsosomenegativeaspectsofdoingsports.)Toomuchtrainingmayhurttheirbodies,exhausttheirvigorandevencausethemtobesick.Inall,Ilovesports.Throughgoinginforsports,Inotonlygainawell-balancedlife,butalsogetmorechancestomoveclosertonature.Sportsaddhappinesstomyeverydaylife.Theadvanceofscienceandtechnologymakespeoplehavemorefreetime.Nowadays,wehave5-workdayweek.Therefore,ouruniversityandcollegestudentscanhavemuchmoreleisuretime.ExampleTwo:TheTwo-dayWeekendThetwo-dayweekendreallybenefitscollegestudentsalot.Mostimportantofall,wehavemoretimetolearnmoresocialknowledgebytakingpartinsocialactivitiesordoingpart-timejobs.Inaddition,wecanhavemoretimetorelaxourselves.Forexample,wecandosomephysicalexercise,watchTVathomeandsoon.Inthemeantime,thetwo-dayweekendalsowillbringsomeproblems.Inthefirstplace,somecollegestudentsalwaysidleawaytheirtime,playingcards,drinkingandevengambling.Inthesecondplace,doingpart-timejobswilldistractstudents’attentionfromtheirstudy.Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatcollegestudentswillget/gainmorebenefitsfromthetwo-dayweekend.Asastudent,Imyselfconsideritverybeneficialtouscollegestudents.Ifpossible,Iwillfindtimetodomanyinterestingthingssuchasdoingapart-timejoborparticipatinginsocialpractice.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Itisreallytrue.模式二有些人認(rèn)為…….如：（做）某事有必要…有些人認(rèn)為相反……如：（做）某事沒(méi)有必要…1992年1月CET-4：IsFailureaBadThing?1.失敗是常有的事。2.人們對(duì)失敗有各種不同的態(tài)度。3.我對(duì)失敗的態(tài)度。1993年6月CET-6MyViewonOpportunity有人認(rèn)為機(jī)會(huì)是極少的，另一些人則認(rèn)為人人都會(huì)有某種機(jī)會(huì)。你的看法如何？寫(xiě)出你的觀點(diǎn)，說(shuō)明你的理由并舉例。在你的文章結(jié)尾處不要忘記寫(xiě)出你的結(jié)論。1995年1月CET-4：CanMoneyBuyHappiness1.有人認(rèn)為金錢(qián)是幸福之本(sourceofhappiness)2.也有人認(rèn)為金錢(qián)是萬(wàn)惡之源(rootofallevil)3.我的看法1995年6月CET-6ShouldFirecrackersBeBanned?1.有人認(rèn)為放鞭炮是好事，為什么？2.有人認(rèn)為放鞭炮是壞事，為什么？3.我的看法。1996年6月CET-4：GlobalShortageofFreshWater1.人們認(rèn)為淡水是取之不盡的（提示：雨水，河水，井水）2.實(shí)際上淡水是非常緊缺的（提示：人口增加，工業(yè)用水增加，污染）3.我們應(yīng)該怎麼辦1997年6月CET-6MyViewonJob-Hopping1.有些人喜歡始終從事一種工作，因?yàn)?.有些人喜歡經(jīng)常更換工作，因?yàn)?.我的看法1998年6月：Do“LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck?1.有些人認(rèn)為某些數(shù)字會(huì)帶來(lái)好運(yùn)。2.我認(rèn)為數(shù)字和運(yùn)氣無(wú)關(guān)。1999年6月：ReadingExtensivelyOrIntensively?1.有人認(rèn)為讀書(shū)要有選擇2.有人認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書(shū)3.我的看法2000年6月：IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?1.很多人認(rèn)為有必要舉行英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試，理由是2.也有人持不同意見(jiàn)3.我的看法和打算常用寫(xiě)法一Whenitcomesto…,differentpeoplemayhavetotallydifferentideas.Somepeoplethink…,whileothersdisagree.常用寫(xiě)法二Asfarasdoingsth.isconcerned,peopleholdvariousideas.Therearesomepeoplewhobelieve…,whiletherearealsomanyotherswhodon’tthinkso.常用寫(xiě)法三Peoplewhoarefor…h(huán)avetheirownreasons.Peoplewhoareagainst…alsohavetheirownreasons.常用寫(xiě)法四Somepeoplehavegoodreasontothink…Otherpeoplehavealsogoodreasontodisagree.Example:IsFailureaBadThing?Failureisacommonthinginourdailylife.Wheneverwemakeupourmindtodosomething,therearealwaystwoprobableresults:successandfailure.Althoughmostpeoplewanttosucceed,failurecan’tbeavoided.However,peopleholddifferentattitudestowardsfailure.Somepeopleregardfailureasabadthing.Afterafailure,theymaybecomediscouragedandevengiveuptheirhopeforsuccess.Theythinkpeoplewilllaughatthembecauseoftheirfailure.Ontheotherhand,therearestillmanyotherpeoplewhobelievethatfailureisnotabadthing.Theyarenotseriouslyaffectedbyfailure.Inspiteoftheirfailure,theycontinuetodotheirbestinwhattheydountiltheyfinallysucceed.Inmyopinion,whetherafailureisgoodorbadsomewhatdependsonhowonecopeswiththefailurehehasexperienced.Ifyoutakeapessimisticattitudetowardsyourfailure,itwillbeahead-onblowtoyouandevendoyousevereharm.Onthecontrary,ifyoutakeanoptimisticattitudetowardsfailure,itmaybenefityoutremendously.Youcanfindthecorrectwaytosuccessonthebasisofyourobjectiveanalysisofyourfailures.Remember,failureisnotacrime,butfailuretolearnfromfailureis.模式三提出問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題的常用句型Therearemanyreasonswhy….Therearemanymeansthroughwhichcollegestudentscangettoknowthesociety.Theexistenceoftheproblemof…canbeattributedtothefollowingmainreasons.解決問(wèn)題的常用句型Todealwiththisproblemsuccessfully,thegovernment,thedepartmentconcernedhastakenmanyeffectivemeasures.Variousmeasures/steps/actionsshouldbetakentohandletheproblemof…Thefollowingmeasurescanbeadopted/carriedouttocopewiththeproblemof…1997年6月CET-4：GettingtoKnowtheWorldOutsidetheCampus1.大學(xué)生了解社會(huì)的必要性2.了解社會(huì)的途徑（大眾傳媒，社會(huì)服務(wù)等）3.我打算怎麼做1997年12月：HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities1.目前社會(huì)上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fakecommodities)。為什么會(huì)有這種現(xiàn)象？2.舉例說(shuō)明假冒偽劣商品對(duì)消費(fèi)者個(gè)人，社會(huì)等的危害。3.（措施）CET-6HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTrafficOutline:問(wèn)題：城市交通擁擠解決方案(solution)1、建造(laydown)更多道路優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1）降低街道擁擠程度；2）加速車(chē)流(flowoftraffic)缺點(diǎn)：占地過(guò)多2、開(kāi)辟(openup)更多公共汽車(chē)線路優(yōu)點(diǎn)：減少自行車(chē)與小汽車(chē)缺點(diǎn)：對(duì)部分人可能造成不便結(jié)論：兩者結(jié)合Example:FightingAgainstFakeCommoditiesandInferiorGoods

Nowadays,fakeandinferiorgoodsareacommonoccurrenceinourmarket.Theyhavenotonlyhadbadeffectsonthesocietyandpeople,butalsolaidroadblockstothedevelopmentofthenationaleconomy.Thegovernmentandconsumersmustworktogethertogetridoftheroadblocks.Fakecommoditiesareharmfultousinmanyaspects.Foronething,theyaredangeroustoconsumers.Fakegoodsrangingfromfoods,clothestoradios,TVsets,&evensomemedicineshavebroughtalotoftroubletoourdailylife.Foranother,fakecommoditieshaveequallyaffectedsomemanufacturerswithsoundreputations.Thosewhohavefallenvictimsofthefakegoodswillneverbuythemagain,eventhoughthecommoditiesaregoodthenexttime.Inaddition,fake&inferiorproductsdoharmtothesociety&bringaboutgreatlosstothenation.

Therearemanymeasuresthatwecantaketogetridoffakecommodities.Inthefirstplace,lawsshouldbemadetopunishthosewhoproducefakegoods.Inthesecondplace,peopleshouldbeeducatedtodistinguishgoodproductsfromthefakeones.Consumersshouldn’tbuyinferiorthingssimplybecausetheyarecheaportheadvertisementstellthemtodoso.

Inaword,thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontotheproblemoffakeandinferiorgoodsandfightabattleagainstthem.Boththegovernmentandconsumersshouldtakemeasurestoreactagainstthemsoastodevelopoureconomyinahealthyway.Onlybydoingsocanfakecommoditiesbedrivenoutofourdailylifecompletelyinthefuture.圖表作文歷年四級(jí)考試作文題目1991年6月CET-4:ChangesinPeople’sDiet1.Statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepast5years.2.Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.3.Drawyourownconclusions.StudythefollowingtableyearFood19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit&Vegetables24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%91-CET-6CarAccidentsDeclininginWaltonCityOutline:1.Riseandfalloftherateofcaraccidentasindicatedbythegraph;2.Possiblereasonsforthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecity;3.Yourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisyear.Monthsin1990Numberofcaraccidents96-CET-6HealthGainsinDevelopingCountries1.以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國(guó)家的期望壽命lifeexpectancy)和嬰兒死亡率(infantmortality)的變化情況。2.說(shuō)明引起變化的各種原因。LifeExpectancyInfantMortalityyearsolddeathsper1,000births2002.6Topic:StudentUseofComputersBaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegiven.1下圖所示為1990年、1995年、2002年某校大學(xué)生使用計(jì)算機(jī)的情況，請(qǐng)描述其變化；2請(qǐng)說(shuō)明發(fā)生這些表化的原因（可以從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加以說(shuō)明）；3你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么困難或問(wèn)題。AveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsoncomputerperweekHours/weekYear圖表作文用圖象、表格、數(shù)字等傳達(dá)信息。將圖象、表格、數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換成說(shuō)明性文字，屬于說(shuō)明文。應(yīng)注意對(duì)所給數(shù)字進(jìn)行比較，從中找出變化規(guī)律，分析造成變化的原因并得出結(jié)論（預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)），或?qū)ζ渌从车氖聦?shí)結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)論。圖表作文的基本寫(xiě)作要求充分利用圖表中的信息，把握文字和說(shuō)明，找出圖表所要表達(dá)的主題。仔細(xì)分析圖表提供的信息加以比較和歸納，選出具有代表意義的信息。避免過(guò)多引用。通過(guò)對(duì)圖表的分析，進(jìn)行概括性的評(píng)論（變化趨勢(shì)和造成原因）的說(shuō)明，最后得出結(jié)論。寫(xiě)作技巧分三段：引言段、正文段和結(jié)論段引言段：引出話題、說(shuō)明圖表所反映的總體情況。正文段：對(duì)具體數(shù)字進(jìn)行分析比較，歸納出增減速度發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和原因等。結(jié)論段：對(duì)圖表所反映的主題發(fā)表評(píng)論（個(gè)人看法、展望、預(yù)測(cè)等）慣用詞匯Table,diagram,graph,chartShow,demonstrate,indicateStatistics,rate,speed,ratio,percentage,figures,(statistical)dataIncrease,decrease,reduce,decline,rise,godown,goupBeontherise/increase,decrease/declineSharply,slowly,drastically,dramatically,approximately慣用表達(dá)和句型AscanbeseenfromthetableAsshowninthegraphAsisdemonstratedinthediagramAsindicatedbytheresultsofasurveyThetableshowsthatThefiguresshowthatTheratioofAtoBis慣用表達(dá)和句型AstudyinXXXXshowedthatAsyoumayseefromthetableFromtheabovechartwecanseeTakeacarefullookatthetable,andwewillfindThenumberincreased(decreased)byFromallthefactsgivenabove,wecanconcludethat慣用表達(dá)和句型Afteracarefulanalysisofthedata,wecandrawthefollowingconclusion.Asaresultofcarefulobservationandanalysis,atentativeconclusionasfollowscanbereached.Therapidincreasegrowth/decline/changeofXXXXcanbeattributedtovariousfactors.慣用表達(dá)和句型Fromthetable/graph,itisobvious/apparentthatthenumberofXXXXhasbeenonthedecline/increaseoverthepastfewyears.Thelastfewyearswitnessedadrastic/dramaticincrease/decreaseinthenumberofhoursthatcollegestudentsspendoncomputers.

AnExample:StudentUseofComputerStudentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost5hours,andin2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.

Obviouslycomputersarebecomingmoreandmore(increasingly)popular.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis(thepopularity).First,(Firstofall,Aboveall)computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thefastdevelopmentoftheInternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers.WecaneasilycontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablesmorestudentstopurchasethem.However,therestillexistsomeproblems,suchaspoorquality,out-of-datedesignsandsoon.Andhowtobalancethetimebetweenusingcomputersandstudyingisalsoaseriousproblem.Anyhow,westillbenefitalotfromcomputersaslongasweusethemproperly.(AndIamfirminmybeliefthatinthefuture,youngstudentswillmakemoreeffectiveuseofcomputerstobenefitthemselves.)書(shū)信作文LetterWriting2001.6SupposeyouareZhangYing.WritealettertoXiaoWang,aschoolmateofyourswhoisgoingtovisityouduringtheweeklongholiday.1表示歡迎2提出對(duì)度假安排的建議3提醒應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)2002.1AlettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus.假設(shè)你是李明，請(qǐng)你就本校食堂的狀況給校長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)一封信，內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、價(jià)格、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等，可以是表?yè)P(yáng)，可以是批評(píng)建議，也可以兼而有之。書(shū)信作文的寫(xiě)作要求只要求寫(xiě)正文body，而信頭heading，信內(nèi)地址insideaddress，稱(chēng)呼salutation，信末客套話complimentaryclosing，簽名signature等都已給出。書(shū)信作文的寫(xiě)作技巧也分三段來(lái)寫(xiě)：開(kāi)頭，正文，結(jié)尾。開(kāi)頭：介紹寫(xiě)信的原因，最近的情況。正文：寫(xiě)信的具體內(nèi)容。結(jié)尾：期待盼望的話或再次提醒。開(kāi)頭常用語(yǔ)IamverygladtohavereceivedyourletterdatedXXXX.Pleasepardonmefornotansweringyourletterimmediately.YourletterdatedXXXXgavememuchpleasure.IamhappytoknowfromyourlastletterthatXXXX.結(jié)尾常用語(yǔ)Hopingtohearfromyousoon.Lookingforwardtoyourreplysoon.Awaitingyour