大學(xué)英語(yǔ)新視野第二冊(cè)第一課課件

UnitOneBookTwoUnitOneBookTwoTime-ConsciousAmericansSECTIONATime-ConsciousAmericansSECTIOContentsTextAnalysisKeySentencePatternsWriting&ReadingSkillsLead-inActivitiesBackgroundInformationKeyWordStudyContentsTextAnalysisKeySentAfterlearningthisunit,studentsaresupposedtobeableto:1.talkabouttimeconsciousnessofAmericans.

2.learnaboutculturaldifferences.

3.masterthekeywordsandsentencepatterns.4.writingskills---howtowriteapara.ofageneralstatementsupportedbyspecificdetailsandreasons.5.improvethereadingskills—howtofindthemainideas.TeachingObjectives

Afterlearningthisunit,studLead-inActivities1----

ProverbsonTimeReadthefollowingproverbs.Haveyoueverlearntthem?WhataretheChineseversionsforthem?Lead-inActivities1----Prov時(shí)間創(chuàng)造奇跡。1.

1.

Timeworkswonders.

2.Timetriestruth.

時(shí)間檢驗(yàn)真理。時(shí)間創(chuàng)造奇跡。1.

1.Timeworkswon

Timeisthebesthealer.

Timeandtidewaitfornoman.時(shí)間是治愈創(chuàng)傷的良藥。時(shí)間不等人。（時(shí)不我待。）時(shí)間是治愈創(chuàng)傷的良藥。時(shí)間不等人。（時(shí)不我待。）5.Timeismoney.6.Timeflies.7.Aninchoftimecannotbeboughtbyaninchofgold.5.Timeismoney.7.Aninchof8.Alltimeisnotimewhenitispast.機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來(lái)。9.Timelostisneverregained.

光陰一去不復(fù)返。機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來(lái)。9.Timelostisnever1.Whywesay“timeismoney”?2.Whatdoestimemeantous?3.Whatshouldwedowithtime?Lead-inActivities2——Watch&discussion1.Whywesay“timeismoney”?TimeIsLife返回TimeIsLife返回Situation1

–anappointment

HowtoManagetheFollowingSituations?Situation2

–homevisitSituation3

–toapartySituation4

–beinginvitedtodinnerSituation5

–aninterviewLead-inActivities3——PairWorkSituation1–anappointmentSituation1:Dr.TomMcDivernfromNYispracticingmedicineinaruralareainSaudiArabia.Hisopeningdaywasbookedfullyaweekago.Buthalfanhourpassed,neither

ofhisfirsttwopatientsarrived.

Why?Why?Why?Why?Situation1:Dr.TomMcDivernAmericanstendtobe_________.TotheArabians,

_________

________________

isacceptable.punctualhalfanhouror40minuteslateAmericanstendtobe_________Situation2:Onyourwayhome,itoccurredtoyouthatyourAmericanfriendMaryhadinvitedyoutovisitherwhenyouwerefree.Thenyoudroppedinonherhouse.

Butwhenyouknockedatthedoor…Situation2:Onyourwayhome,InChina,it’sOKtovisitfriendswithoutcallingaheadoftime.WhileintheU.S.,it’s

impolite

todoso.Maryfeltsurprised.Why?InChina,it’sOKMaryfeltsur

Whatisthe

polite

wayintheU.S.?Callingaheadoftime.WhatisthepolitewayCallinSituation3:YourAmericanfriendinvited

youtoherpartytonightat7:30.Whenareyousupposedtogetthere?Why?A.Before7:00,tohelphertoprepare.B.5’－10’late,nottobethefirstguest.C.After8:00,I’mtheVIP.D.5’－10’earlier,it’sapolitewaytoshowmyrespectforher.Situation3:YourAmericanfriIntheU.S.,peopletendtobe_____________.

InChina,closefriends

tendtoarrive_______________，butacquaintancestendtoarrive_______________.5’－10’late(B)before7:00(A)5’－10’earlier(D)IntheU.S.,5’－10’late(B)bGeneraldifferencesbetweenChinese&AmericansGeneraldifferencesbetweenTimeConsciousness

Chinese:

Relativelymoreattentiontothepast(nostalgic)andtothelonger-termfuture.

American:

Lessinterestedinthepast;eyeonnear-termfuture.TimeConsciousnessChinese:

Re

Americanshaveformulatedtheirownconceptoftime.

Ingeneral,Americantimeisexact,peoplearepunctual,activitiesarescheduled,andtimeisappropriatedforseparateactivities.

AmericanshaveformulatedthTwodifferent"managementstyles"oftime

Timecanbethoughtofasastraightlineorasacircle:thelinear,sequentialmarchofdaysandyears,ortherotationoftheseasons.Ourculturalorientationhasaprofoundeffectonourdailylivesandbusinessfunctions.Twodifferent"managementstylMonochronic/PolychronicTime

單向計(jì)時(shí)制/多向計(jì)時(shí)制

——introducedbyAmericananthropologistEdwardHallTwodifferent"managementstyles"oftimeMonochronic/PolychronicTimeMonochronictimeisone-tracklinear:peopledoonethingatatime.

Polychronictimeismulti-trackcircular;itallowsmanythingstohappensimultaneously,withnoparticularendinsight.Monochronictimeistightlycompartmentalized(劃分):schedulesarealmostsacred.

Polychronictimeisopen-ended:completingthetaskorcommunicationismoreimportantthanadheringtoaschedule.Monochronic/PolychronicTimeMonochronictimeisone-trackCommonTimeDifferencesMonochronicPeoplePolychronicPeopleDoonethingatatimeDomanythingsatonceConcentrateonthejobHighlydistractibleandsubjecttointerruptionsTaketimecommitmentsseriously(deadlines,schedules)ConsidertimecommitmentsanobjectivetobeachievedonlyifpossibleCommittedtothejobCommittedtopeopleAdherereligiouslytoplansChangeplansoftenandeasilyConcernedaboutnotdisturbingothers;FollowrulesofprivacyandconsiderationMoreconcernedwithrelations(family,friends,closebusinessassociates)thanwithprivacyShowgreatrespectforprivateproperty,seldomborroworlendBorrowandlendthingsoftenandeasilyEmphasizepromptnessBasepromptnessontherelationshipAccustomedtoshort-termrelationshipsStrongtendencytobuildlifetimerelationshipsCommonTimeDifferencesMonochrWhatdoyouthinkofChinesepeople,MonochronicorPolychronic?Canyoucitesomeexamples?PolychronicChineseQuestiontoponderonWhatdoyouthinkofChinesepBeforedoingsomething,Chinesewilltracebacktotheoldexperiencetryingtogetsomesuccessfultips.Chinesehavehighrespectfor“old”,emphasizingageandexperience.

老練、老成、老手、老馬識(shí)途、老馬嘶風(fēng)、老當(dāng)益壯、老謀深算、老成持重、老成練達(dá)、老松耐寒、老驥伏櫪，志在千里、老將出馬，一人頂兩、樹(shù)老根須多,人老見(jiàn)識(shí)多、生姜老的辣、老鳳清于雛鳳聲、不聽(tīng)老人言，吃虧在眼前PolychronicChineseBeforedoingsomething,Chines中國(guó)人的時(shí)間觀：典型的東方鏡頭：大漠中的牽駝人，曬太陽(yáng)兒的農(nóng)民，一步一伏的朝圣者，邊嘮邊繡的婦女，半天不起桿的釣者，藤架下的品茶人，晨練太極的老者......他們都不著急。ContrasttotheAmerican’stimeconcept中國(guó)人的時(shí)間觀：典型的東方鏡頭：ContrasttoAnotherquestiontoponderonWhatdoyouknowaboutAmericanintreatingtime?MonochronicorPolychronic?Canyoumakesomeexamples?MonochronicAmericanAnotherquestiontoponderonW“Old”inEnglishisassociatedwithlackofenergy,creativity,challenge,useless,burden.

SomeEnglishsayingsconcerning“old”:Anolddogwilllearnnonewtricks./Youcan‘tteachanolddognewtricks.（老狗學(xué)不會(huì)新把戲）

Itishardtomakeanolddogstoop.（老狗彎腰，談何容易）“elderly”or“seniorcitizen”（peopleover60），“goldenager”(retiredpeopleover65)MonochronicAmerican“Old”inEnglishisassociatedSomeexpressionsshowingthemonochronicconceptplace/putontheagenda（列入議事日程）agree(up)onanagenda

(就議事日程取得一致意見(jiàn)）layout/mapout/makeout/planaschedule

haveafullschedule

（時(shí)間表排得很緊）maintainaschedule

（遵守某一時(shí)間表）accomplishsth.accordingtoschedule（按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃完成某件事情）Someexpressionsshowingthemon/toschedule（按照預(yù)定時(shí)間）scheduletime（預(yù)定的時(shí)間）atightschedule（排得緊緊的時(shí)間表）atthescheduledtime（按時(shí)）accordingtoschedule（按時(shí)間表）aheadofschedule（提前）behindschedule（遲于預(yù)定的時(shí)間）on/toschedule（按照預(yù)定時(shí)間）ChinesevsAmericanAllinall,AmericansvaluetimeassomethingirrecoverablewhileChinesetreattimeassomethingenjoyable.Inhistory,Americanswerewell-knownfortheirinventionsliketelephone,airplane,faxandothertime-savingdeviceswhereasChinesewerefamousfortheirtime-consumingpracticessuchasenjoyingfireworks,playingma-jong,andtastingdeliciousfoodinleisurelymanners.Besides,totheAmericanbusinessmen,timesignifiesmoney.Theyseizeeverygoldenminutetomakemoney.Bycontrast,totheChinesebusinessmen,timemeansaninterpersonalnetwork.Theyseizeeveryoccasiontogetitintoshape.ChinesevsAmericanAllinall,American:

(Individualist)Highervalueplacedonself-reliance.

Self-promotionismoreaccepted.Highvalueplacedon"freedom"fromexternallyimposedconstraints.ConceptionOftheSelfChinese:

(Collectivist)Highervalueplacedongroupcooperationandindividualmodesty.American:

(Individualist)HigFriendship

Chinese:

Smallnumberofclose,lifelongfriendswhofeeldeeplyobligatedtogiveeachotherwhateverformofhelpmightseemrequired.American:

Largecollectionof"friends"andacquaintanceswhichchangesovertimeandinvolvesonlylimitedmutualobligations.

FriendshipChinese:

SmallnumObligation

American:

Peopleavoidinterdependentrelationshipsandsituationsthatmightentaillong-termobligations.Chinese:

Relationshipswithotherpeopleinvolvereciprocal(互惠的)obligations.ObligationAmerican:

PeopleavHarmonyvs."Truth"

American:

Willingtoconfrontdirectly,criticize,discusscontroversialtopics,presspersonalopinionsaboutwhattheyconsider"thetruth’’.

Littleconcernwith"face."Chinese:

Avoiddirectconfrontation,opencriticism,andcontroversialtopics.

Concernmaintainingharmonyandwith"face."Harmonyvs."Truth"American:

Roleoflaws,rules,andregulations

Chinese:

Morefaithinpersonalrelationshipsthaninwrittenrulesandproceduresforstructuringinteractions.American:

Writtenrulespresumablyapplytoeveryoneandareassumedtoproducefair,reasonableproceduresanddecisions.Roleoflaws,rules,andregulKeyWordStudyKeyWordStudyObtain:v.

acquire,havegrantedtooneGain:v.obtainsth.desiredorfavourableAcquire:v.gainbyandforoneselffameAchieve:v.reachorattainbyeffortWin:v.acquireasaresultoffight,contest,betorsomeothereffortSecure:v.succeedinobtainingorachievingAttain:v.gainoraccomplishanaim,distinctionetcbyconsciousdevelopmentoreffort.

KeywordStudyKeywordStudyAcquiredfame//

acquiredpropertyAchievevictory//achievednotorietyAttainone’saim//attaingreatsuccessGainadvantage//gainrecognitionObtainwhathewished//obtaininformationSecuredgoodseatsintheatreWinsomemoney//winadmirationExamplesAcquiredfame//acquiredpropCompetentadj.

(+todoorfor)adequatelyqualifiedorcapable

Competencen.–(+todoorfor)abilitythestateofbeingcompetent

Competitionn.

(+for)competingesp.inanexaminationintradeCompetitiveadj.

Involving,offeredfororbycompetitionCompetev.

(+with,againstaperson,forathing)striveforsuperiorityorsupremacy)CompetentCompetentadj.(+todoorfor)

他能勝任這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

你如要學(xué)習(xí)英文,首先得找一位稱(chēng)職的教師。

Heiscompetentforthetask.

IfyouwanttolearnEnglish,youmustfirstfindacompetentteacher.Example他能勝任這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。你如要學(xué)習(xí)英文,首先得找一位稱(chēng)fulfill:

1)doorperform,performsthtoacompletion2)supplyorsatisfy(aneed,demand,requirementCollocation

~apromise履行諾言

~one’swork完成工作

~prophecy實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)言

~aduty履行職責(zé)

~acommand服從命令~anobligation履行義務(wù)~

adesire滿(mǎn)足欲望

~prayer實(shí)現(xiàn)祈愿

~hope符合愿望

~need符合需要

~dream實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想

~expectations符合預(yù)想

~thetermsofthecontact滿(mǎn)足合同條款的要求~theconditionsof具備……條件fulfill:1)doorperform,perfConsequentadj.—1.followingasaresultorconsequence2.Logicallyconsistent.3.n.Athingthatfollowsanother

Sequentadj.1.Followingasasequenceorconsequence2.Consecutive（依次的；連續(xù)的）Consequentadj.—1.followingasconsequenceConsequencen.–1.theresultoreffectofanactionorcondition2.importanceConsequentialadj.–1.followingasaresultorconsequence2.resultingindirectlySequencen.–1.succession,comingafterornest2.Orderofsuccession3.apartofafilmdealingwithonesceneortopicSequentialadj.–formingasequenceconsequenceconsequenceConsequencen.–1.演繹法例舉法Mainideaofthetext?Devicesfordevelopingit?MainIdeaandDevicesforDevelopingIt對(duì)比法Americansvaluetimeandsavetimecarefully.Intheireyes,timeisregardedaspreciousresource.ApersonwhotendstowastehisowntimeorthatofothersisneveracceptedinAmericanculture.Consequently,Americanstryeverymeanstosavetimeintheirdailylife,businessandworksoastomakeeveryminutecount.Besides,tosolveaproblemorfulfillajobwithspeedinU.S.Aistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetent.演繹法例舉法Mainideaofthetext?

Part1

Part2Part3

Part4TextAnalysis

MainIdea:(Paras.1-2)Americansvalueandsavetime.Part1Part2Part3PartPart1Part2Part3Part4TextAnalysis

MainIdea:(Paras.3-5)Americansresentsomeonewastingtimeandareworkinghardinsavingtime.Part1Part2Part3PartPart1

Part2Part3

Part4TextAnalysis

MainIdea:(Paras.6-7)Americansproduceasteadyflowoflabor-savingdevicesandviewtheimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationasinsignificant.Part1Part2Part3PartPart1

Part2Part3

Part4TextAnalysis

MainIdea:(Paras.5-7)ItistakenasasignofskillfulnesstosolveaproblemwithspeedintheU.S..Part1Part2Part3PartSentenceAnalysisSentenceAnalysis

Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock.

Meaning:Weareunderthecontroloftimeonlyandnothingelse.Webudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killitcutit,accountforit;wealsochargeforit.Meaning:Wedealwithtimeinvariouswaysasiftimeweresomethingofrealvalue.(6)Wewanteveryminutetocount.Meaning:Wewanteveryminutetobeputintogooduse.Sinceitisprecious.Weareslavestonothingbut5.Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson'shourglass,theycannotbereplaced.(Para.2)hourglass:n.aglasscontainerholdingfinesandformeasuringtime,whichisnarrowinthemiddlelikeafigure8sothatthesandinsidecanrunslowlyfromthetophalftothebottomtakingexactlyonehour

Meaning:Thewholesentenceisametaphor,whichmeans:Oncetimehaspassed,itwillnotreturn.

5.OncethesandshaverunoutNormally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk;…(para4)Meaning:UsuallyAmericansdonotjudgeorevaluatetheirvisitorsinarestaurantorcoffeehousewhichareconsideredrelaxedplacesthroughlong,lightconversations;…Normally,AmericansdonotAssignmentsare,consequently,felttobegivenaddedweightbythepassageoftime,(para8)

Meaning:Asaresult,peoplethinkthatassignmentsaregainingadditionalimportancewiththepassageoftime.IntheU.S.,however,itistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblem,orfulfillajobsuccessfully,withspeed.

Meaning:IntheU.S.,however,ifyoucansolveaproblemordoajobquickly,youwillbeconsideredasapersonhavingskillorability.大學(xué)英語(yǔ)新視野第二冊(cè)第一課ppt課件tostandstill--

keeporstayinapositionorstate(L.1)

Otherphrases:standidle//standopposed//standready//standfirmForexampleThosewhoarealwayssatisfiedwithwhattheyachievedandstandstillwilleasilyfallbehind.tostandstill--keeporstaExampletohavearatheracutesenseof–feelorsensefine,sharpRelatedphrases:acutepain//anacutelackofsth.Asenseofhumour//asenseofsight//asenseofplaceGreatlossesinAnti-JapanesewaraccountforwhyChinesepeoplehavearatheracutesenseofthetruevalueofdevelopingscienceandtechnology.ExampletohavearatheracuteExampletoracethrough–todosth.inahurryRelatedphrases:racewith//havearacewithAsthetimeisrunningout,thesestudentshavetoracethroughtherestofthequestionsonthetestpaper.Exampletoracethrough–todoExampletoproduce/makeasteadyflowof

（許多，一系列）Atthisconference,thecentralgovernmentmadeasteadyflowofsignificantdecisionsconcerningthenationaleconomyandpeople’slivelihood.Exampletoproduce/makeasteExampletotakesth.asasignof–regardsth.AsasymbolRelatedphrases:signfor–acknowledgereceiptofbysigning//signin–signaregisteronarrivalinaplaceSometeenagerstakesmokingasasignofbeingmatureandmanly,butactuallysmokingisapotentialkiller.Exampletotakesth.asasignExampletopourcapital,energyandattentioninto…devoteall…tosth.Curiepouredallherloveandenergyintothescientificresearchandexperimentonradium.Exampletopourcapital,energyCollocation

fallbehind1)becomebitbybitfurtherbehind

2)(with)failtofinishatthepropertime

1)fallbehindinscience 在科學(xué)方面落后

fallbehindone’scompetitors落后于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手2)fallbehindwiththerent 拖欠房租

~這個(gè)學(xué)生一直很努力,惟恐落后。Thestudenthasbeenworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfallbehind.Collocationfallbehind1)bec

Actingbeforethinkingalways_________failing.

Theaccident__________thedeathoftwopeopleNothing_______________hisefforts.

Thechild’sillness____________eatinguncleanfood。Alovemarriage,however,doesnotnecessarily_____muchsharingofinterestsandresponsibilities.(CET-496.1)a.takeoverb.resultinc.holdond.keepto

然而有愛(ài)情的婚姻未必會(huì)使夫婦利益共享，責(zé)任共擔(dān)。resultin

haveasaresult;causeresultfrom

becausedbyresultsinresultedinhasresultedfromresultedfromb

resultinhaveasaresult;SentencePatternsSentencePatternsThechildoftenturnsadeafeartothepeople’s

care;

muchlessdo

theycriticize.Hewouldnotdoanythingthatmightdisgracehiscountry,muchlesswouldheturntraitor.Structure1ExampleSb.doesnotdosth.;muchlessdoessb.dosth.else.

某人不會(huì)做/沒(méi)有做某事，更不用說(shuō)做其他的事。SentencePatterns可直接跟n.，v.，(to)dosth.等與主句相對(duì)稱(chēng)的結(jié)構(gòu)，如跟句子則需要倒裝。Ex.VII(P.10)ThechildoftenturnsadeafeStructure2ExampleUnless…,itseemsinone’seyes(toone’smind)asif…

如果不是······，則某人就覺(jué)得好像是······Bythecustomofthetimes,unlesssomeofourguestsgetdrunkattable,itseemstoourmindsasifwearenotwarm-heartedenoughtowardsthem.SentenceStructureStructure2ExampleUnless…,it

subject+v-ing/v-edor:with+subject+v-ing/v-edNofurtherdiscussionsarising,themeetingwasbroughttoanend.沒(méi)有做進(jìn)一步的討論,會(huì)議就告結(jié)束了。

TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericansavecarefully,withtheotherbeinglabor.

Nowyoutry:吃完午飯,所有客人都回到了起居室。Lunchfinished,alltheguestsreturnedtothesitting-room.Withlunchfinished,alltheguestsreturnedtothesitting-room.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)Structure3subject+v-iNowyoutry:Giventheirinexperience,they’vedoneagoodjob.Giventhattheyareinexperienced,they’vedoneagoodjob.考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗(yàn)，他們算做得不錯(cuò)了。

看她對(duì)孩子們的興趣，教書(shū)應(yīng)是適合她的職業(yè)。Givenherinterestinchildren,teachingshouldbetherightcareerforher.Structure4

given(that)/n:takingintoaccount

把……考慮進(jìn)去的話(huà)Nowyoutry:GiventheirinexpeHowtowriteaparagraphofageneralstatementsupportingbydetailsWritingSkillIllustrationistheuseofdetailedexamplestomakeabstractideasconcreteandgeneralopinionsmorespecific.Generalstatementsareseldomimpressiveorconvincing,soitisoftennecessarytoprovideexamplesorillustrationstoclarifythem.Illustrationsareextendedexamples,oftentakingtheformofshortnarratives.Todevelopanillustrativeparagraph,youshouldselectsufficientandspecificexamples.HowtowriteaparagraphofaAparagraphofageneralstatementsupportedbyillustration(details)Illustrationistheuseofdetailedexamplestomakeabstractideasconcreteandgeneralopinionsmorespecific.Generalstatementsareseldomimpressiveorconvincing,soitisoftennecessarytoprovideexamplesorillustrationstoclarifythem.Illustrationsareextendedexamples,oftentakingtheformofshortnarratives.Todevelopanillustrativeparagraph,youshouldselectsufficientandspecificexamples.AparagraphofageneralstateHowisitthateveryoneisinarush?Generalstatement:Everyoneisinarush.Specificdetailsofhoweveryoneisinarush.1…….2…….3…….Whyisitthateveryoneisinarush?Thereason:Thisisbecausepeoplevaluetimehighly,andtheyresentsomeoneelse“wasting”itbeyondacertainappropriatepoint.HowisitthatGeneralstatemeAgeneralstatementHowdoyouproveyourgeneralstaement?SpecificdetailstosupportthegeneralstatementWhatisthereasonforwhatyousaidinthegeneralstatementThereasonforthestatementAgeneralstatementHowdoyouCitypeoplealwaysappeartobehurrying...Peoplevaluetimehighly,andtheyresentsomeoneelse“wasting”it.descriptionreasonRacingthroughdaytimemeals...Driversareabruptandpeoplewillpushpastyou.Workingtimeisconsideredprecious.Othersinpubliceating-placesarewaitingforyoutofinishsothey,too,canbeservedandgetbacktoworkwithinthetimeallowed.Topicsentence:EveryoneisinarushCitypeoplealwaysappeartobAmericanssavetimecarefully.(Para.1)Americans’attitudetowardstimeandhowtheytrytosavetimeindailylifeandinbusiness(Paras.2-7)Timeisaprecioussource.(Para.2)Americanssavetimeintheirdailylife.(Para.3)Americanssavetimeindoingbusiness.(Para.4)Americansproducelabor-savingdevicesinordertosavetime.(Para.5-7)ItistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblemorfulfillajobsuccessfullywithspeedintheUS.(Para.8)Americanssavetimecarefully.NewHorizonCollegeEnglishBook2Unit1

SummaryNewHorizon

Summarythis.Americansvaluetimeso_______,theydislikeanyone“wasting”itbeyondan___________amount.NewarrivalstotheStateswillmissthecustomofsocialtalk_______abusinesscallbecauseAmericansgenerally______orenquireabouttheirvisitorsprofessionallyratherthansocially.Theystarttalkingbusinessveryquickly;timeisalways_______intheirheads.Theywork