華科新編英美文化視聽教程課件

1Unit1BackgroundtoBritain1Unit1BackgroundtoBritainPARTI CulturalFocus

TextAThepeoplesofBritainPARTI CulturalFocus

TextA3Warm-upActivitiesWhatisthefullnameoftheBritishstate?Whatcountriesdoesitconsistof?WhatisthetotalpopulationoftheUnitedKingdom?Wheredomostpeoplelive?3Warm-upActivitiesWhatisthe44556Doyouknowthemeaningofthefollowingterms?CeltsBritainEnglandAnglo-SaxonsIndo-EuropeanlanguageGermaniclanguageVikingsNormanconquest6DoyouknowthemeaningofthBackgroundInformation1.Land2.People3.CharacteristicsoftheEnglishpeopleBackgroundInformation1.Land8LandTheBritishIslesisatraditionaltermusedtoidentifythegroupofislandsoffthenorthwestcoastofEuropeconsistingofGreatBritain,Irelandandthemanysmalleradjacentislands(over16).TheseislandsformanarchipelagooffthewestcoastofEurope,315,134km2(121,674squaremiles).TomanyIrishpeopleaswellasScottishandWelshnationalists,theterm"BritishIsles"isunacceptable.8LandTheBritishIslesisatr9LandThetermisnolongerusedinIrishstatedocuments,hasbeenabandonedfromIrishschoolbooksandisbeingphasedoutoftextbooks.ItsusageisalsodecreasinginofficialBritishstatedocumentation,outofsensitivitytotheconcernsofIrish,ScottishandWelshpeopleandtheevolvingnewgeo-politicalrelationships.9LandThetermisnolongeruse10AlternativesHowevertheissueofareplacementtermremainsunsettledasof2003,thoughinthecontextoftheNorthernIrelandpeaceprocesstheterm"IslandsoftheNorthAtlantic"(IONA),aterminitiallycreatedbyformerConservativePartyMPSirJohnBiggs-Davison,hasbeenusedasaneutraltermtodescribetheseislands.10AlternativesHowevertheissu11LandThenameGreatBritainwasnotappliedtothislargeislanduntilthe17thcentury.ItssouthernpartadoptedthenameEnglandinthe5thcenturywhengroupsofinvadersfromNorthernEurope,traditionallycalledtheAngles,Saxons,andJutes,weretakingpossessionofthisarea.Theirlanguage,theEnglishlanguage,spreadfarandwideandlaterbecametheofficiallanguageofthenation.11LandThenameGreatBritainw12Beginningwiththefifthcentury,someGermanictribesknownastheAnglo-SaxonsstartedtheirinvasionofEngland.Theirconquestofthesmallislandcountrywassosuccessfulthattheirlanguage,OldEnglish,soonafterbecamethedominantlanguageontheisland.Land12Beginningwiththefifthcen13Anglo-Saxonsachievedlittlesuccessinannexingthesouthwesternpart,traditionallycalledWales,thenthemainstronghold(據(jù)點(diǎn)，要塞)intowhichthenativeCeltsorBritons,hadretreatedwhentheRomaninvadersconqueredwhatisnowcalledEnglandinthefirstcenturyA.D.Land13Anglo-Saxonsachievedlittle14OneofanIndo-EuropeanpeopleoriginallyofcentralEuropeandspreadingtowesternEurope,theBritishIsles,andsoutheasttoGalatiaduringpre-Romantimes,especiallyaBritonorGaul.

凱爾特人印歐民族的一支，最初分布在中歐，在前羅馬帝國時(shí)期遍及歐洲西部、不列顛群島和加拉提亞東南部。尤指不列顛人或高盧人Land14OneofanIndo-Europeanpeop15LandThe“Engl-”partofthewordcomesfromthewordAngleswhilethe“-ish”partmeans“belongingto”.ThewordEnglishmeans“thelanguagethatbelongstotheAngles”.15LandThe“Engl-”partofthew16LandThenorthernpartoftheislandwasoriginallydominatedbypeoplegenerallycalledtheScots.Inthe9thcenturytheScotsestablishedtheirownkingdom.TheScottishKingdom,beingweakerthanitsneighbortheEnglishKingdom,wasoftenforcedtovowallegiance（忠誠）totheEnglishking.16LandThenorthernpartofthe17NorthernIrelandTothewestofGreatBritainisthesecondlargestislandknownasIreland.IrelandwasonceanindependentcountryandtherehademergedmanykingdomsbeforetheAnglo-Normaninvaderscomeinthe13thcentury.DuringtheEnglishbourgeoisrevolutionOliverCromwellinvadedtheislandandthisstartedtheimmigrationoftheEnglishprotestantsettlers.17NorthernIrelandTothewest18TheIrishpeopleopposedtheannexationandfoughttoregaintheirindependence.TheirsuccessfulstrugglefinallyledtotheestablishmentoftheRepublicofIrelandin1927.SincemostoftheEnglishprotestantsettlersrefusedtoseparatethemselvesfromtheirhomecountry,theyoccupiedthenortheastcorner,about14,000squarekilometers,oftheislandandkeptitwithintheBritishKingdom,whichthusbecametheUnitedKingdomoftheGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.NorthernIreland18TheIrishpeopleopposedthe19PeopleAbouttowthousandyearsago,BritainwasinhabitedbytribesofpeopletraditionallyknownastheCeltsorBritons.Theirlanguage,whichhasbeencalledtheCelticlanguage,wasaspokenlanguageinitsprimitivestage.TheCeltswereconqueredbytheRomansinfirstcenturyA.B.AftertheRomansleftintheearlyfifthcentury,othertribesofpeoplefromNorthGermany,traditionallyknownastheAngles,Saxons,andJutesstartedtomigratetoEngland.19PeopleAbouttowthousandyea20EvennowtypicalEnglishpeoplearestillcalledAnglo-Saxons.TheAnglo-SaxonskepttheirpositionsasthemasterofEnglandforseveralhundredyearsbefore,theywerereducedtoslavesbytheNormansfromNormandyinFrance.TheNormanswereNorthernEuropeanpeopleinoriginbuttheyhadacceptedtheFrenchcultureandlanguage.TheystartedtheirinvasionofEnglandinthe11thcenturyandestablishedtheNormanlineofkingswhohaveruledEnglandeversince.People20EvennowtypicalEnglishpeo21CharacteristicsoftheEnglishpeopleAgenerallyacknowledgedoneistheirconservatismorreservation.InpoliticstheyhaveaConservativeParty.IndailylifetheEnglishpeopleoftenrefusetomakesuddenchanges.Theyeasilyclingtowhatistraditionalandfamiliar.TheMonarchyhasbeenretainedandthenationalsongisstilltheold“GodsavetheQueen”.21CharacteristicsoftheEngli22AnothercharacteristicoftheEnglishpeopleistheiremphasisondeference（依從）,orobedience,andpropermanners.Evenfromchildhoodtheyaretaughttobedeferentialandobedienttothosewhoaresuperiorinwealth,status,orpower.ThecharacteristicsandvaluesoftheEnglishpeoplehavecertainlyundergonechanges.22AnothercharacteristicofthPARTIICulturalJourneyAfterYouWatchDescribethephysicalconditionsofScotland.TrytofindouttheelementsthatcanhelpyouidentifytheScottish.Explainthereasonswhytheyareoftenslightlyannoyedatbeingclassifiedas“English”.PARTIICulturalJourneyAfter24SupplementaryVideoClipBraveheart24SupplementaryVideoClipBravPARTIIIGeneralInformation

AboutBritain

Geography

IONA?–TheBritishIslesPARTIIIGeneralInformatio26GeographyNationalFlagTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland26GeographyNationalFlagThe27ChiefoftheState--QueenElizabethII27ChiefoftheState--Queen28England Demographics:Population:51MillionLanguage:EnglishPeople:Anglo-Saxons,Scots,Welsh,Irish,WestIndians,Pakistanis,Indians,ChineseReligion:ChurchofEngland,Methodist,Baptist,Catholic,Muslim,Hindu,andSikhCapitalCity:London28England Demographics:29EnglandCultureTheyhaveartisticcontributionsintheatre,literature,andarchitecture.Staplefood:FishandChips,bacon,eggs,sausage,andmash.It’snotfamousforqualitybutit’sacuisine.Thereareastonishingregionalvariationsinaccents.29EnglandCulture30WalesDemographicsPopulation:2.9MillionCapitalcity:CardiffPeople:Celts,Anglo-SaxonsLanguage:Welsh,EnglishReligion:NonconformistProtestants,Anglicans,Catholics30WalesDemographics31WalesCultureOnethingthatmarksWalesoutfromtherestoftheBritainisthesurvivalofWelshasalivinglanguage.Welshfoodisnotwell-known.Theyeatlaverbread(amixtureofseaweed,oatmealandbaconservedontoast),Rarebit(cheeseontoastwiththeaddedflavorofmustardandbeer).31WalesCulture32NorthernIrelandDemographicsPopulation:1.6MillionCapitalcity:BelfastPeople:IrishLanguage:English,andIrishReligion:95%RomanCatholic,3.4%ProtestantintheRepublic;60%Protestant,40%RomanCath