英美報刊選讀Euphemism課件

EuphemismEuphemism:thesubstitutionofamildorindirectwordorphraseforablunterorharsherone.Euphemismmaymakeanideamorepalatable,buttheyalsoinflatelanguage,reduceprecision,andoftentamperwiththetruth.)Euphemismishypocriticanddemoralizingbutpsychologicallynecessary.e.g.collateraldamage:civiliandamageCategory1:glorifyingeuphemisms(1)thestandardofseatsonairplaneDeluxe/premiumclass(firstclassfirstclass(secondclass)businessclass/touristclass（thirdclass）(2)standardofroom:Deluxe;firstclass;standard;privateCategory2:fuzzyeuphemismsspecific-generalizedYourflyisopenEuphemismEuphemism:Category11ThescopeofusingEuphemism(1)生老病死Pregnancy–Sheisexpecting.Fat:plumpstoutchubbycaroliecount-downThin:

leanslim,slenderwillowylithesvelteThescopeofusingEuphemism2ugly:plain,homelyvenerealdisease：socialdiseaseasylum：mentalhomeold:elderly,senior,pastone’sprimeugly:3die:passaway;benomore;departfuneral:memorialservicegraveyard:memorygardene.g.At68(“20Celsius,”heinsists),hishairhasthinned,hismiddlehasthickened,andthebassovoicehasgrownrheumy.（68℉-32）×5/9=20℃die:4(2)貧窮Poor:needy,underprivileged,theindigentDebt:cashadvanceBankrupt:outofgameDismissal：layoffSlum：substandardhousing（3）犯罪Burglary：surreptitiousentryWiretapping：intelligencegatheringViolence:actionYoungcriminals:juveniledelinquentsPrison:correctionalcenterProstitute:callgirlProstitution:theoldestprofessionintheworld(2)貧窮5(4)性（putundertaboo）Today’sparents,whomustgobeyondthebirdsandbeestoAIDS,herpes皰疹andteenagepregnancy,mightseattheirchildinfrontofacomputer.AvisitfromthestorkFactsoflifePornographicmovies:adultfilm/X-ratedfilmsFreelove:trialmarriageHavesexwith:gotobedwithIllegitimatechild:lovechildHomosexualpartner:spouseequivalentBisexual:AC/DCAC=alternatingcurrentDC:directcurrent(4)性（putundertaboo）6(5)排泄Menstruation:I’mhavingmyperiod./I’mawomanforaweek/I’mhavingmyfriendwithme.Urination/defecation：Ihavetopayacall.Iwouldliketobeexcused.Ihavetoretireforamoment.Whereistherestroom?MayIwashmyhands?Doyouwanttomakeyourselfcomfortable?Haveyoutakenyourprecautionsbeforetheday’souting?(5)排泄7(6)advertisingeuphemismsUsedcar：predrivenclassicSecond-handfurniture:antiquesCostumejewelry：fashionjewelry（7）職業(yè)Maid,housekeeper:domestichelp，day-help,Barber,hairdresser:beauticianMaid(athotelsorhospitals):room-carespecialistUndertaker：grieftherapistGarbagecollector：solid-wasteecologist(6)advertisingeuphemisms8（8）戰(zhàn)爭U.Soverseasmilitarydeployment—AmericanpresenceAimedoffensive：surgicalstrikeInvasion：pre-emptiveactionAirstrike：airoptionGroundwar:groundoperationAttack：pacifytheareaBombingandblasting：softeninguptheresistanceNuclearbomb：nucleardeviceSuicidalattack:one-waymissionDefensecrushed：defenseneutralized（8）戰(zhàn)爭9CallaSpadeaSpade(直言化）ReturntonatureReturntoplainspeakingadultery:conjugalinfidelitywhore:ladyofeasyvirtuepassurine:answernature’scallThePentagonislookingforacheap,quickkill.Sheiscanceledallhersocialengagements.(1856)Sheisinaninterestingcondition.(1880)Sheisinadelicatecondition.(1895)Sheisknittinglittlebootees(1910)Sheisinafamilyway(1920)Sheisexpecting.(1935)Sheispregnant.(1956)CallaSpadeaSpade(直言化）10Dysphemism

isdiametricallyopposedtoEuphemism(profanity/vulgarity)Thejournalisthasasexywayoftreatingatediousstory.Thisbigjobisreallygoingtobeabitch.Adishonestsalesmantrulyfuckedmeover.Thatstoryhetolduswasalotofshit.Idemandmassiveairsupportwhenmyownassishangingoutthere.In1972,RichardNixonremarked,“Idon’tgiveashitaboutlira.”Albeitcrudely,hewasexpressinganindifferencetoforeigneconomicpolicytypicalofpostwarpresidents.(LyndonBainesJohnson)Itisbettertohavethecamelsinsidethetentpissingoutthanoutsidethethenpissingin.Dysphemism11（9）學校老師對學生品行，成績的評價（a）學生很笨Direct:Thestudentisobtuse.Indirect:Heisabitslowforhisage.（b）學生多門主科不及格Direct:Hehasfailed(flunked)manymajorcourses.Indirect:Hehasgotlessthanapassinggradeforafewmajorcourses.I’msorrytofindhimanunderachieverforsomemajorcourses.（9）學校老師對學生品行，成績的評價12(c)學生懶惰Direct:ThestudentislazyIndirect:I’mafraidhehastoexerthimselfinhisstudy.Probablyhehadtodevotehimselfmorediligentlytohisstudies.Heissuretogofarifhecanusehisresourcesfully.He’llgetsomewhereifheishighlymotivated.Heneedstoraisehisambitionlevelabit.He’dbettertakehislessonsmoreseriously.(d)學生吵鬧Direct:ThestudentisnoisyIndirect:Heneedstodevelopquieterhabitsofcommunication.(e)學生持強欺弱，橫行霸道Direct:Thestudentisabully.Heisquarrelsomeandoftenbrowbeats,frightensorhurtssmallerorweakerpupils.Indirect:Heneedshelpinlearningtousehisleadershipqualitiesdemocratically.(c)學生懶惰13（f）學生說謊Direct:Helies.Indirect:Heislikelytoembroiderthetruthabit.Hemayoccasionallyfallintoterminologicalinexactitude.Hehasdifficultydistinguishingbetwee