人教版（2023）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)Unit 1Science and Scientists Discover useful structures 課件(共25張PPT)

第第頁(yè)人教版（2023）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)Unit1ScienceandScientistsDiscoverusefulstructures課件(共25張PPT)(共25張PPT)

Discoveringusefulstructures

UNIT1ART

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)

Theymustlearntorecognisebadhabitsearlyandmakeappropriatechanges.

Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.

Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethehabitcycle.

Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.

Forexample,whenwecometoanescalator(cue),ournormalroutineistorideit.

Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsomedisciplineandrepeatedlytakemanysmallsteps.

object賓語(yǔ)

attribute定語(yǔ)

complement補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

adverbial狀語(yǔ)

object賓語(yǔ)

predicative表語(yǔ)

adverbial狀語(yǔ)

Tip1:

動(dòng)詞不定式可以在句中作______、______、______、______、______、________的成分。

主語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)

狀語(yǔ)

補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

Readthesesentencesandfillintheblanksusingthecorrectwords.

Perhapsthebest_____tounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.

DuringtheMiddleAges,the_______ofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.

Inthiswork,Monet’s____wastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene...

___________________________wasnolongershowreality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,“Whatisart”

way

purpose

aim

Whattheyattemptedtodo

動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作表語(yǔ)

1.結(jié)構(gòu)

動(dòng)詞不定式可以放在be和become,sound,taste等__________后

面作表語(yǔ)，由“(to)+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。

2.時(shí)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不定式和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系應(yīng)使用__________如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系應(yīng)該使用___________。

例1：Hisgoalis_____________(be)avolunteeratthelocalhospitalinthecomingholidays.

例2：Hisgoalis______________(admit)intoPekingUniversitythissummer.

:

動(dòng)詞不定式

系動(dòng)詞

tobecome

tobeadmitted

todo

tobedone

Summarizing

“不定式作表語(yǔ)”的實(shí)質(zhì)是：be是系動(dòng)詞，be前的主語(yǔ)和be后的表語(yǔ)是同位概念，不定式作表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容做具體說(shuō)明作用，主語(yǔ)往往是表示“目的，目標(biāo)，想法，愿望，任務(wù)，責(zé)任等”的名詞，如：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________還可以由what或者all引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句等。

intention,plan,purpose,aim,duty，hope，idea，concern，job，plan，problem，suggestion，wish,chance,method

Lead-in

1.Nottograspfirmlyisnottograspatall.

2.Whathewantedtosuggestwastocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.

3.Heistocleantheroom.

4.Heseems(tobe)depressed.

5.Theplanproves(tobe)successful.

【自主發(fā)現(xiàn)】上面句中動(dòng)詞不定式形式，通常放在______________之后，在句中作_________。

連系動(dòng)詞

表語(yǔ)

Tip1：動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容或目的，主語(yǔ)一般是：_________________________________________________

___________________或者以________________________。

Tip2:wh-詞+動(dòng)詞不定式句式：根據(jù)表達(dá)需要，在作表語(yǔ)的不定式前，還可添加疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞，包括what,who,how,when,where等。

eg:Whattheywantedtoknowwaswhentoholdanartexhibitionintheircity.

what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

aim,purpose,dream,decision,task,difficulty,suggestion,

hope,duty,way等

常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)情況：

1.Mysuggestionistocarryouttheplanimmediately.

2.WhatIwouldsuggestisnottoputoffthemeeting.

3.Watermustbepureifitistobedrunk.

4.Allofhispersonalstuffsarenottobesold.

1.Allhewantedwas_______________.

他只想一個(gè)人待著。

2.TheleastIcandotohelpis________________.

我所能幫的最起碼的事是借給她一輛車(chē)。

tobeleftalone

tolendheracar

Tip3：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)包含定語(yǔ)從句且其先行詞為代詞_____或者主語(yǔ)被___________________或形容詞________修飾時(shí)，其后可接“系動(dòng)詞+不定式”作句子的表語(yǔ)。

only,first,one,least

最高級(jí)

all

1.Whois_____________thefire

誰(shuí)應(yīng)為這場(chǎng)大火承擔(dān)責(zé)任？

2.Thehouseis_________.此房出租。

Tip4：某些動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用主動(dòng)形式表示__________。

toblamefor

tolet

被動(dòng)意義

Tip5:動(dòng)詞不定式可與疑問(wèn)詞when、where、how、what、which、who等組合，構(gòu)成___________，在句中可作______、______和______。

不定式短語(yǔ)

Observeandexplore.

Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.

DoyouknowwheretofindTom

Mymainconcernishowtogetthereontime.

subject主語(yǔ)

object賓語(yǔ)

predicative表語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)

注意：

動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般情況下不定式符號(hào)to不能省略，但當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，可省略作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）里的不定式符號(hào)to:

1.我們?cè)噲D要做的是挽救地球。

Whatwe’retryingtodoissaveEarth.

________________________________________________________________________________

2.晚上他做過(guò)的唯一的事是讀報(bào)紙。

Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwasreadthenewspaper.

________________________________________________________________________________

1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，表示具體的、一次性的或者表示將來(lái)含義的動(dòng)作，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用_______。如：

Tobecalmindangerisveryimportant/significant.

Towinthegameispossible.

Toseeistobelieve.

Toworkwithhimisagreatpleasure

2.動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，往往用__作形式主語(yǔ)，而將動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)置于句末。如：

ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.

單數(shù)

Presentation

it

It做形式主語(yǔ)，其常見(jiàn)句型如下：

1.It＋is＋名詞＋todosth

It’sourdutytoprotectthenaturalenvironment.

2.Ittooksbsometime/money＋todosth

Ittookusthreehourstofinishthereport.

3.It＋be＋形容詞＋for/ofsb＋todosth

It’sverygenerousofyoutodonateusalargesumofmoney.

Itisnecessaryforchildrentoformgoodhabitsatanearlyage.

4.Itseems/appears＋形容詞＋todosth

Itseemedimpossibletocatchupwiththemin20minutes.

補(bǔ)充：動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)和v-ing作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

動(dòng)詞不定式和v-ing作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意與句子的主語(yǔ)在形式上保持一致，即若句子的主語(yǔ)為v-ing，則表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)使用v-ing；若主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式，則表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式。

Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.

動(dòng)詞不定式和v-ing作表語(yǔ)時(shí)可換用，但以下情況除外:

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的是某一特定的行為，尤其是將來(lái)的行為或有待于實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為時(shí)，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)。

Herbestwishistoputhernewideasintopractice.

若動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而是表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，則通常用v-ing作表語(yǔ)。

Myfavoritesportisswimming.

WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.

Usethecorrectformsofthewordstofillintheblanks.

________(read)aloudisgoodforyourEnglishlearning.

Itisquitenecessary________(read)itagain.

________(see)istobelieve.

________(see)isbelieving.

拓展:todoasthesubjectVSdoingasthesubject

Reading

toread

Tosee

Seeing

Tip6:動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

_______作主語(yǔ)特指一次性的、具體的動(dòng)作；_______作主語(yǔ)泛指一般的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。且作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的不定式或動(dòng)名詞需保持________。

todo

doing

一致

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)省略to的情況

動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不定式符to不能省略,但以下情況下可省略：

1.all作主語(yǔ)其后的定語(yǔ)從句有do的某種形式時(shí)：

Allweneedtodoisliveeachdaywithhope.

2.what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中含有do的某種形式時(shí)：

WhatIwanttodoistakeaholidayrightaway.

3.主語(yǔ)被only，first，one，least或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾，其后的定語(yǔ)從句或短語(yǔ)中有do的某種形式時(shí)：

Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwasreadthenewspaper.

Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空

Themostmeaningfulthinghewantstodois______(help)thepoor.

Thisyear,hisplanis_______(make)somechangesintheteachingmethod.

WhatIsuggestis_______(start)workatonce.

Oneofherhobbiesis_________(collect)stamps.

Ithinkitisyourbrotherwhois_______(blame)fortheaccident.

即學(xué)即練

help

tomake

tostart

collecting

toblame

Supposeyouare________(be)ajournalistforChinaDaily,doyouknowwhatkindofjobstheyhave

Youare______________(reward)ifyouhavemadeabreakthrough.

Thestudentstrustherverymuch;asaresult,heradviceis__________(influence)theirdecisions.

tobe

toberewarded

toinfluence

3.Medicalexpertssaythemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofdiseaseisforpeople________(wash)theirhandswithsoapandwater.

4.Thenextstepis________surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.

5.Thepurposeofeducationis__________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.

towash

tomake

todevelop

1.Themottoofthelittleboywhowassufferingfromamusclediseasewas_______(live)onedayatatime.

2.Itisyou,includingyourcousin,that____________(blame)forthelossofthegoldenchance.

tolive

aretoblame

Practise

Matchthesentencehalves.

Discoverwhatthesesubjectsshareincommonbyusingthefollowingtable.

Meaning/ConstructSubject

anactionforsomepurpose

awayofaction

advice

responsibility

aclause

intention,plan,purpose,aim

way,things,business,habit,principle,vocation,chance,method

suggestion,thought

duty,order

What...attempted...,All...wanted...

Theyoungsinger'sintentionofperformingthesongwas___________________________________.(與歌迷們分享他對(duì)搖滾樂(lè)的熱愛(ài))

Thebestwaytodobusinessis____________________

___