山東師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院《357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2011年山東師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.demographicstatistics【答案】人口統(tǒng)計(jì)查看答案2.stampduty【答案】印花稅查看答案3.simulationlaboratory【答案】仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)室查看答案4.ozonelayer【答案】臭氧層查看答案5.functionalequivalence【答案】功能對(duì)等查看答案6.gametheory【答案】博弈論查看答案7.warcorrespondent【答案】戰(zhàn)地記者查看答案8.jobintermediary【答案】職位中介查看答案9.Interlingualtranslation【答案】語(yǔ)際翻譯查看答案10.theconservationofenergy【答案】能量守恒查看答案11.InternationalProtocol【答案】國(guó)際協(xié)定查看答案12.APEC【答案】亞太經(jīng)貿(mào)合作組織(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)查看答案13.CPI【答案】消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù)(ConsumerPriceIndex)查看答案14.Byzantineart【答案】拜占庭藝術(shù)查看答案15.powerpolitics【答案】強(qiáng)權(quán)政治查看答案Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.領(lǐng)土完整【答案】territorialintegrity查看答案2.貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘【答案】technicalbarrierstotrade查看答案3.分期付款【答案】installment查看答案4.原油【答案】crudeoil查看答案5.房地產(chǎn)【答案】realestate查看答案6.反傾銷(xiāo)【答案】anti-dumping查看答案7.養(yǎng)老基金【答案】pensionfund查看答案8.記者招待會(huì)【答案】pressconference查看答案9.急救站【答案】first-aidstation查看答案10.國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值【答案】GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)查看答案11.三維空間【答案】three-dimensionalspace查看答案12.前沿技術(shù)【答案】cutting-edgetechnology查看答案13.國(guó)際慣例【答案】internationalcommonpractice查看答案14.正當(dāng)權(quán)益【答案】legitimateinterests查看答案15.勇于創(chuàng)新【答案】innovative查看答案Ⅲ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)ThefutureofEuropeappearslargelytodependtodayonceagain,forgoodorevil,whetherwelikeitornot,asitdidformanycenturies,onthefutureofGermany.Itisstill,asMadamedeStawrote,“theheartofEurope”.Destroyed,defensed,humiliated,arbitrarilyreshapedaccordingtoangryandfrightenedforeigners’punitiveideas,ithaslaboriouslyclimbedbacktothetop.Ithasbecomeonceagaintherichest,strongest,mostefficient,orderly,productive,scientificallyandtechnologicallyadvanced,aswellasthemostpopulousnationofWesternEurope.Inprosperousyears,itisthefirstup;inleanyears,thelastdown.Italyistootired,skeptical,unruly,andconfusedtocount.VictoriousGreatBritainhasseenitsarrogantpridefadeawayalongwithitswealth,power,andprestige.France,ofcourse,firmlyandloudlyproclaimsitselfNumberOne,buttoofirmlyandtooloudlyattimes.Itisthereforeonceagainessentialforeverybody,theFrench,theBritish,theItalians,theotherEuropeans,aswellastheAmericansandtheRussians,tokeepaneyeinordertofigureoutwhotheGermansare,whotheythinktheyare,whattheyaredoing,andwheretheywillgonext,wittinglyorunwittingly.This,ofcourse,wasalwaysimpossibletofathom.Howcanonetell?GermanyisaProteancountry.Aseverybodyknows,onlywhenonetieddownProteus(海神普羅特斯),thepropheticoldmanofthesea,couldonemakehimrevealtheshapeofthingstocome.Buthecouldn’tbepinneddowneasily;hecontinuedtochange.Hecouldbearoaringlion,aharmlesssheep,aslipperyserpent,achargingbull,orinturn,arock,atree,abrook,abonfire.【參考譯文】無(wú)論好壞，不管我們喜歡還是不喜歡，就像幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)一樣，當(dāng)今歐洲的未來(lái)在很大程度上還是取決于德國(guó)的未來(lái)。正如德斯塔夫人寫(xiě)道：“德國(guó)是歐洲的心臟?！北粦嵟涂謶值耐鈬?guó)人懲罰，摧毀、抵制、羞辱、任意地重塑之后，它已經(jīng)艱難地爬回到頂端。她再次成為最富有，最強(qiáng)大，最有效率，有序，高產(chǎn)，科學(xué)技術(shù)先進(jìn)，也是西歐人口最多的國(guó)家。在繁榮的歲月里，它是第一個(gè)崛起的；在貧窮的年代，它是最后一個(gè)衰落的。意大利太累，多疑，不守規(guī)矩還很讓人不解。大不列顛帝國(guó)的傲慢以及它的財(cái)富、權(quán)力和威望逐漸消失。當(dāng)然，法國(guó)堅(jiān)定地大聲宣布自己是第一，但是有時(shí)太過(guò)堅(jiān)定和大聲了。因此，對(duì)于法國(guó)人，英國(guó)人，意大利人，其他歐洲人以及美國(guó)人和俄羅斯人來(lái)說(shuō)，重要的是要刻意或不經(jīng)意地留意德國(guó)人是誰(shuí)，他們認(rèn)為自己是誰(shuí)，他們正在做什么以及接下來(lái)要去哪里。當(dāng)然，這總是無(wú)法理解的。人們?cè)趺纯赡苤滥?？德?guó)是一個(gè)千變?nèi)f化的國(guó)家。眾所周知，只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人束縛了海神普羅特斯這位大海的預(yù)言家時(shí)，才能讓他揭示未來(lái)的形狀。但他不能輕易地被打敗；他不斷改變。他可以是一只咆哮的獅子，一只無(wú)害的羊，一條滑溜的蛇，一頭有力的公牛，或者依次是一塊巖石，一棵樹(shù)，一條小溪和一堆篝火。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)自然界的能量有許多不同的形式。熱能就是一種形式的能量。熱能有許多是來(lái)自太陽(yáng)。森林大火也可以產(chǎn)生熱能，甚至一個(gè)動(dòng)物溫暖的身體也可以產(chǎn)生少許的熱能。光能是能量的另一種形式，也是來(lái)自太陽(yáng)和星星。一些動(dòng)物甚至植物也可以產(chǎn)生少量的光能。無(wú)線電波和紫外線也是能量形式。另外，電能也是一種能量形式。我們?cè)诩依锸褂玫暮芏嗄芰縼?lái)自電。地球上的大多數(shù)能量——風(fēng)、浪、熱、光——來(lái)自太陽(yáng)，而太陽(yáng)本身的能量是由核能產(chǎn)生的。有關(guān)能量的一些事情很難理解。宛若一位化妝師，能量不斷從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N形式，當(dāng)你自認(rèn)為了解它的時(shí)候，它突然變成了另一種完全不同的形式。但是有一點(diǎn)是肯定的：能量永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失，同樣，它也不會(huì)無(wú)端地產(chǎn)生。過(guò)去，人們認(rèn)為能量和物質(zhì)是兩種完全不同的東西?，F(xiàn)在我們知道，能量和物質(zhì)是可以轉(zhuǎn)換的。微量的物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為令人難以置信的巨大核能。太陽(yáng)利用氫氣產(chǎn)生核能，但當(dāng)氫氣轉(zhuǎn)化為能量，其質(zhì)量也日益減少?！緟⒖甲g文】Energyinnaturecomesinmanydifferentforms.Heatisaformofenergy.Alotofheatenergycomesfromthesun.Heatcanalsocomefromaforestfireor,inmuchsmallerquantities,fromthewarmbodyofananimal.Lightisanotherformofenergy.Italsocomesfromthesunandfromthestars.Someanimalsandevenplantsproducesmallamountsoflightenergy.Radiowavesandultravioletraysareotherformsofenergy.Thenthereiselectricity,whichisyetanothersortofenergy.Muchoftheenergyweuseathomecomesfromelectricity.MostoftheEarth’senergy—wind,waves,heatandlight—comesfromthesun.Thesunitselfispoweredbynuclearenergy.Therearesomethingsaboutenergythataredifficulttounderstand.Thefactthatitconstantlychangesfromonetoanothermakesenergyratherlikeadisguisedartist.Whenyouthinkyouknowwhatenergyis,suddenlyithaschangedintoatotallydifferentform.Butonethingiscertain:energyneverdisappearsand,equally,itneverappearsfromnowhere.Peopleusedtothinkthatenergyandmatterweretwocompletelydiffere