拜倫與拜倫式英雄-課件

——FrancisBaconOfMarriageAndSingleLife

英國(guó)文學(xué)選讀1PPT課件——FrancisBaconOfMarriageAndFrancisBaconSelectedReadingsofhisEssaysReturn2PPT課件FrancisBaconSelectedReadingsFamousessays

AdvancementofLearning1605NewInstrument1620NewAtlantis1626Return3PPT課件FamousessaysAdvancementofIntroduction

"Knowledgeispower."Bacon‘srealclaimtofameis:notthathe,asthelordchancellor(議院議員）,in1621,wasremovedfromofficeforacceptingalitigant’sbribe（受賄）;nor,thathewastherealwriteroftheShakespeareanplays(oneofthecontroversiesinEnglishliterature,the“Baconiancontroversy”);butratherFrancisBaconisknownasaphilosopher,oneofthefirstorder.Return4PPT課件Introduction"KnowledgeispowBacondelineated（描述）

theprinciplesoftheinductivemethod（歸納法）,whichconstitutedabreakthroughintheapproachtoscience,eventhoughphilosophersandscientistsoftheday,-andseeminglytoday,yet–repudiated（否認(rèn)）

bothhistheoriesandmethodology,alike.Return5PPT課件Bacondelineated（描述）theprincFrancisBaconwasbornatLondon.HeenteredTrinityCollege,Cambridge,attheageoftwelve.Hestudiedlawandbecameabarrister

in1582;twoyearslaterhetookaseatintheHouseofCommons.Hisopposition,in1584,toQueenElizabeth‘staxprogramretardedhispoliticaladvancement.WhileintheearlierdayshesupportedtheearlofEssex,Bacon,in1601,wasinvolvedinhisprosecution.WiththeaccessionofJamesI(1566-1625)andthereafter,anumberofhonorswerebestowedonBacon:hewasknighted(爵士）in1603,madeSolicitorGeneralin1604,AttorneyGeneralin1613,andLordChancellorin1618.

Return6PPT課件FrancisBaconwasbornatLondHethathathwifeandchildrenhathgivenhostagestofortune;fortheyareimpedimentstogreatenterprises,eitherofvirtueormischief.成了家的人，可以說(shuō)對(duì)命運(yùn)之神付出了抵押品。因?yàn)榧彝ルy免拖累事業(yè)，而無(wú)論這種事業(yè)的性質(zhì)如何。Return7PPT課件HethathathwifeandchildrCertainlythebestworks,andofgreatestmeritforthepublic,haveproceededfromtheunmarriedorchildlessmen;whichbothinaffectionandmeans,havemarriedandendowedthepublic.

所以是能為公眾獻(xiàn)身人，應(yīng)當(dāng)是不被家室所累的人。因?yàn)橹挥羞@種人，才能夠把他的全部愛(ài)情和財(cái)產(chǎn)，都奉獻(xiàn)給唯一的情人——公眾。Return8PPT課件Certainlythebestworks,andYetitweregreatreasonthatthosethathavechildren,shouldhavegreatestcareoffuturetimes;untowhichtheyknowtheymusttransmittheirdearestpledges.

而那種有家室的人，恐怕寧愿把最好的東西留給自己的后代。

Return9PPT課件Yetitweregreatreasonthatn.Hostage(1)&Impediment(2)

(1)aprisonerwhoisheldbyonepartytoinsurethatanotherpartywillmeetspecifiedterms人質(zhì)，抵押品(2)sthimmaterialthatinterfereswithordelaysactionorprogress

妨礙、阻礙某事物進(jìn)展或活動(dòng)的人或物;anystructurethatmakesprogressdifficult身體上的某類殘疾,缺陷Return10PPT課件n.Hostage(1)&Impediment(2)Endow.Vt1.givequalitiesorabilities

（向?qū)W校等機(jī)構(gòu)）捐錢,捐贈(zèng),資助，賦予

Eg.Heendowedabedinahospital.

他向醫(yī)院捐贈(zèng)了一張病床。2.

furnishwithanendowment使(某人)天生具有(好資質(zhì)、能力等)Eg.Thiscountryisfavorablyendowedclimatically.

這個(gè)國(guó)家的氣候得天獨(dú)厚。Return11PPT課件Endow.Vt1.givequalitiesoraImpertinentadj.RudeandnotshowingrespectforsbImpertinencen.Covetous：adj.Havingastrongdesireforthethingsthatotherpeoplehave貪婪的Exceptto:反對(duì)Abate:v.becomelessstrongortomakesthlessstrong減弱

Eg:Thestormshowednosignsofabating.Abatement:nWords:Return12PPT課件Impertinentadj.RudeandRestrain:1.v.stopsb/sthfromdoingsth.管制，阻止，禁止

Eg:Theprisonerhadtoberestrainedbythepolice.2.Stopyourselffromfeelinganemotionordoingsththatyouwouldliketodo.約束，控制

Eg:Shehadtorestrainherselffromcryingoutinpain.她只是忍住痛苦，不哭出來(lái).3.Tostopsththatisgrowingorincreasingfrombecomingtoolarge.抑制，控制Return13PPT課件Restrain:Return13PPT課件Eg:Thegovernmentistakingsteptorestraininflation.政府采取措施抑制通貨膨脹.Humorous:adj.1.Funnyandentertaining2.性情乖張的Shackles:1.toputshacklesonsb.給某人帶上鐐銬

2.topreventsbfrombehavingorspeakingastheywant.束縛，阻撓，成為……的束縛Return14PPT課件Eg:ThegovernmentistakingsSomethereare,whothoughtheyleadasinglelife,yettheirthoughtsdoendwiththemselves,andaccountfuturetimesimpertinences.Nay,therearesomeother,thataccountwifeandchildren,butasbillsofcharges.Naymore,therearesomefoolishrichcovetousmen,thattakeapride,inhavingnochildren,becausetheymaybethoughtsomuchthericher.

有的人在結(jié)婚后仍然愿意過(guò)獨(dú)身生活。因?yàn)樗麄儾幌矚g家庭，把妻子兒女看作經(jīng)濟(jì)上的累贅。還有一些富人甚至以無(wú)子嗣為自豪。也許他們是擔(dān)心，一旦有了子女就瓜分現(xiàn)有的財(cái)產(chǎn)吧。Return15PPT課件Somethereare,whothougButthemostordinarycauseofasinglelife,isliberty,especiallyincertainself-pleasingandhumorousminds,whicharesosensibleofeveryrestraint,astheywillgoneartothinktheirgirdlesandgarters,tobebondsandshackles.有一種人過(guò)獨(dú)身生活是為了保持自由，以避免受約束于對(duì)家庭承擔(dān)的義務(wù)和責(zé)任。但這種人，可能會(huì)認(rèn)為腰帶和鞋帶，也難免是一種束縛呢！Return16PPT課件ButthemostordinarycauseofSomepeopleSomeotherpeople

Somefoolishrichcovetous

Peopleincertainself-pleasingandhumorousminds

Theyaccountfutureimpertinence.Theyaccountwifeandchildrenbutasbillsofcharges.Theytakeaprideinhavingnochildren,becausetheymaybethoughtsomuchricherTheylikeliberty,andaresensibleofeveryrestraint,astheywillgoneartothinktheirgirdlesandgarterstobebondsandshackles.Return17PPT課件SomepeopleSomeotherpeopleSWords：1.Subjectapersonwhohastherighttobelongtoaparticularcountry,especiallyonewithakingorqueen（尤指君主制國(guó)家的）國(guó)民，臣民

E.g.ABritish/Frenchsubject2.Lightadj(work/exercise)easytodo;notmakingyoutiredE.g.Afterhisaccidenthewasmovedtolighterwork.3.fugitiven.～（fromsb/sth）apersonwhohasescapedorisrunningawayfromsomewhereandistryingtoavoidbeingcaught逃竄犯

E.g.afugitivefromjusticeReturn18PPT課件Words：1.Subjectapersonwho4.Charitynoun.(formal)kindnessandsympathytowardsotherpeople,especiallywhenyouarejudgingthem仁愛(ài)；寬容

E.g.Herarticleshowednocharitytotowardsherformerfriends.5.Indifferentadj.notverygoodE.g.Thefestivalhastheusualmixtureoffilms－good,badandindifferent.6.Corruptadj.ofpeoplewillingtousetheirpowertododishonestorillegalthingsinreturnformoneyortogetanadvantage貪污受賄的；徇私舞弊的

E.g.corruptofficialsacceptingbribesReturn19PPT課件4.Charitynoun.(formal)kin7.Putsbinmindofsb/sthtomakesbthinkofsb/sth;toremindsbofsb/sthPut/getsthoutofyourmindtodeliberatelyforgetsb/sth8.Despiseverb.todislikeandhavenorespectforsb/sth鄙視；瞧不起

E.g.shedespisedgossipinanyform.9.Meansthemoneythatapersonhas財(cái)富；錢財(cái)

E.g.peopleshouldpayaccordingtotheirmeans.按負(fù)擔(dān)能力消費(fèi)Return20PPT課件Return20PPT課件10.Vulgaradj.rudeandlikelytooffend粗野

E.g.Shefoundtheirlaughterandnoisygamescoarseandrathervulgar11.Facileadj.producedwithouteffortorcarefulthoughtE.g.Afacileremark信口開(kāi)河12.Basebaserbasestnothavingmoralprinciplesorrules卑鄙的

E.g.Heactedfrombasemotives.動(dòng)機(jī)卑鄙13.Calluponcallon;request號(hào)召；要求Return21PPT課件10.Vulgaradj.rudeandlikel1.Unmarriedmenarebestfriends,bestmasters,bestservants，butnotalwaysbestsubjects.

repeat

words

more

powerful2.Certainlywifeandchildrenareakindofdisciplineofhumanity.

metaphorvivid3.Foriftheybefacileandcorrupt,youshallhaveaservant,fivetimesworsethanawife.4.Turks&Ulysses

Argumentation，takesomeexamplestodemonstrateandsupporttheargumentsReturn22PPT課件1.Unmarriedmenarebestfrien

實(shí)際上，那些獨(dú)身者也許可以成為我們生活中最好的朋友，最好的主人，最好的仆人。但是他們卻很難成為最好的公民。因?yàn)樗麄冸S時(shí)隨地毫無(wú)掛牽地遷徙和流浪，盡情逃之夭夭。所以幾乎所有的流竄犯都是一些無(wú)家可歸的人。

真正的獨(dú)身者也許可以獻(xiàn)身宗教事業(yè)，做一個(gè)合格的僧侶。獻(xiàn)身宗教的博愛(ài)者是最有理由保持獨(dú)身的。否則，他們胸中的慈愛(ài)就會(huì)首先獻(xiàn)給自己的家人，而不是去供奉上帝了。一份慈愛(ài)之心需要澆灌家庭田園之后，才能更加從容悠然地灌溉廣大土地。ChineseTranslation：Return23PPT課件實(shí)際上，那些獨(dú)身者也許可以成為我們生活中最好的朋友，最好作為法官或者仲裁者的人是不是獨(dú)身，關(guān)系并不大。因?yàn)樗麄兂３Ｖ匀鄙僦饕?jiàn)，貪贓枉法，原因就在于他們身邊常有敗壞的隨從進(jìn)奉讒言，而其蠱惑能力足以抵上枕旁的妻子。作為一名軍人，他們擁有家室是一件好事。因?yàn)槲野l(fā)現(xiàn)，家庭的榮譽(yù)和自尊，可以激發(fā)他們身上的責(zé)任和斗志。軍人之勇也是家庭的象征。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，我們也可以從身邊土耳其人生活中的婚姻與家庭事例中得到旁證。土耳其的民間風(fēng)俗中有些不大重視婚姻和家庭，結(jié)果士兵的斗志就差一些Return24PPT課件作為法官或者仲裁者的人是不是獨(dú)身，關(guān)系并不大。因?yàn)樗麄兂３Ｖ藢?duì)于家庭的責(zé)任心，不僅僅是對(duì)我們自己的一種限制和約束。責(zé)任心也是一種人生訓(xùn)練。我們可以看到，生活當(dāng)中有一部分堅(jiān)持獨(dú)身的人，不但在花錢方面大手大腳，揮霍無(wú)度，而且他們的心腸往往也堅(jiān)硬無(wú)比。因?yàn)樗麄兤綍r(shí)缺少家庭之愛(ài)，所以幾乎不大懂得怎樣關(guān)愛(ài)別人。這種人表面上少有柔情，他們適合做職業(yè)打手或法官。生活中某一種良好的生活風(fēng)俗，常常能夠自然而然地教化出情感堅(jiān)貞、道德嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)哪凶訚h。正如尤利西斯,他具有的超級(jí)情感，能夠強(qiáng)力抵制美麗女神的超級(jí)誘惑，從而保持自己對(duì)妻子的忠貞。Return25PPT課件人對(duì)于家庭的責(zé)任心，不僅僅是對(duì)我們自己的一種限制和約束。責(zé)任WordsChaste貞潔的，忠貞的Toremainchaste純潔的Achastekiss簡(jiǎn)樸的，務(wù)實(shí)的，不修飾的Thecool，chasteinteriorofthehallReputedGenerallythoughttobesthortohavedonesth,althoughthisisnorcertain所謂，普遍認(rèn)為，號(hào)稱Return26PPT課件WordsChasteReturn26PPT課件獨(dú)身的女人常常是驕橫和目空一切的，因?yàn)樨憹嵕褪撬齻兊馁Y本Chastewomenareoftenproudandfroward,aspresuminguponthemeritoftheirchastity.Return27PPT課件獨(dú)身的女人常常是驕橫和目空一切的，因?yàn)樨憹嵕褪撬齻兊馁Y本Ch

如果妻子認(rèn)為自己的丈夫是明智的，那么不論是貞潔還是順從，都是一種最好的契約。但如果妻子發(fā)現(xiàn)她的丈夫是妒忌多疑的，那么她絕不會(huì)這么做。Itisoneofthebestbonds,bothofchastityandobedience,inthewife,ifshethinkherhusbandwise;whichshewillneverdo,ifshefindhimjealous.Return28PPT課件

如果妻子認(rèn)為自己的丈夫是明智的，那么不論是貞潔還是順從妻子就丈夫而言，是年輕人的主人，中年人的伴侶，老年人的保姆。這就是男子可以按照他的意愿，想在哪個(gè)年齡階段就在哪個(gè)階段娶妻的緣由。Wivesareyoungmen'smistresses;companionsformiddleage;andoldmen'snurses.Soasamanmayhaveaquarreltomarry,whenhewill.Soasamanmayhaveaquarreltomarry,whenhewill.Return29PPT課件妻子就丈夫而言，是年輕人的主人，中年人的伴侶，老年人的保姆。Butyethewasreputedoneofthewisemen,thatmadeanswertothequestion,whenamanshouldmarry,-Ayoungmannotyet,aneldermannotatall.但也有一位古代哲人，對(duì)于男人應(yīng)該在何時(shí)結(jié)婚的這個(gè)問(wèn)題上是這樣說(shuō)的：“年紀(jì)少時(shí)不應(yīng)當(dāng)，年紀(jì)老時(shí)沒(méi)必要！”Return30PPT課件ButyethewasreputedoneofItisoftenseenthatbadhusbands,haveverygoodwives;whetheritbe,thatitraiseththepriceoftheirhusband'skindness,whenitcomes;orthatthewivestakeaprideintheirpatience.?？梢?jiàn)到許多不出色的丈夫卻有一位非常好的妻子。不知道這是否是丈夫難得的和善所以才顯得那么可貴？亦或是伴隨這種丈夫，妻子所表現(xiàn)出的強(qiáng)大耐心連她自己都覺(jué)得驕傲吧？Return31PPT課件Return31PPT課件如果這類水準(zhǔn)的壞丈夫是她們自己選擇的，甚至是不顧親友的勸告而選擇的，那么就讓她自己去品嘗這枚果實(shí)的滋味吧。Butthisneverfails,ifthebadhusbandswereoftheirownchoosing,againsttheirfriends'consent;forthentheywillbesuretomakegoodtheirownfolly.Return32PPT課件如果這類水準(zhǔn)的壞丈夫是她們自己選擇的，甚至是不顧親友的勸告而OfMarriageAndSingleLifeFortuneSinglemen

marryandendowthepublicFamilymentransmitthebestthingstotheirpledgesReturn33PPT課件OfMarriageAndSingleLifeForReasonsforasinglelife

SelfishnessAccountwifeandchildrenasbillsofcharges;thoughttobericherifhavingnochildren.LibertySelf-pleasingandhumorousmindsthatregardwifeandchildrenasrestraint.Return34PPT課件Reasonsforasinglelife

SelfReasonsforasinglelife

SelfishnessAccountwifeandchildrenasbillsofcharges;thoughttobericherifhavingnochildren.LibertySelf-pleasingandhumorousmindsthatregardwifeandchildrenasrestraint.Return35PPT課件Reasonsforasinglelife

SelfBestfriendsBest

mastersBest

servantsUnmarriedmenNotbestsubjects---lighttorunawayReturn36PPT課件BestfriendsBestmastersBestsProfessionalpreferenceChurchmen----Charitywillhardlywatertheground,whereitmustfirstfillapool.Judgesandmagistrates----Iftheybefacileandcorrupt,youshallhaveaservant,fivetimesworsethanawife.

Soldiers----Thegeneralscommonlyintheirhortatives,putmeninmindoftheirwivesandchildren.Return37PPT課件ProfessionalpreferenceChurchmHumanedisciplineSinglemenCharitablehard-heartedGravenaturesExampleofUlyssesChastewomenProud&frowardMenWomenwisejealouschastityobedientReturn38PPT課件HumanedisciplineSinglemenToMarryorNot?Wivesareyoungmen'smistresses;companionsformiddleage;andoldmen'snurses.Ayoungmannot