閱讀大觀第一冊(cè)參考答案

PAGE36Unit1UniversitiesandCollegesFundamentalReading1.EnteringUniversitiesEx.I.entrancerequirementcatalogletterofrecommendationentranceexaminationdiplomaenrolloradmithighschoolgraduatescoreExII.1. Ithelpsthemenjoyricher,moremeaningfullives.Itpreparesthemforprofessionalcareers,andgivesthemabetterappreciationofsuchfieldsasart,literature,history,humanrelationsandscience.2. Anapplicantisrequiredtoofferatranscriptofhis(her)highschoolcredits,aswellaslettersofrecommendation.He(she)isalsorequiredtotakepartintheentranceexamination.3. Freshmenareusuallyaskedtotaketheintelligenceandaptitudetests.4. Auniversityorcollegealsoadmitssuchapplicantsaspeoplewithoutahighschooldiploma,militaryveterans,andmembersofminoritygroups.Beforeenrollingthestudentswithoutahighschooldiploma,theuniversityorcollegewillevaluatetheirworkexperienceandreviewtheirscoresonspecialtests.2.SchoolorganizationEx1campusadministrationbuildinglaboratorygymnasiumathleticfieldandstadiumdormitorypresidentorchancellortuitionfacultychairmanassociateprofessorassistantprofessorinstructorgraduate(student)undergraduatebachelor’sdegreemaster’sdegreedoctor’sdegreefreshmansophomorejuniorsenior(school)calendarsemestertheschoolyearsummersessionthequartersystemthetrimestersystemExII1. Stateinstitutionsoftenemphasizetechnicalandprofessionaleducationmorethanprivateschools.2. Theresponsibilitiesofanacademicdeanaretoleadthefacultyinpreparingthecourseofstudyforthecollegeorschoolandtotakepartinuniversityplanning.3. Eachdepartmenthasachairman,whoisusuallyaprofessor.Underthechairmanareotherprofessors,associateprofessors,assistantprofessors,andinstructors.4.Individualsorgroupshavingspecificresearchinterests.5.Thethreesystemsofaschoolcalendararethesystemoftwosemesters,thequartersystem,andtrimestersystem.3.HarvardUniversityExI.1.In1638/Twoyearslaterafteritwasfounded.2.Financialsupport./Substantialendowments.3.Itintendstopreparewell-educatedmenandwomenforthechallengesofmodernlife.Studentsarenowrequiredtotakecoursesfortheequivalentofanacademicyearineachoffiveareas:literatureandarts,history,socialanalysisandmoralreasoning,science,andforeigncultures.Inaddition,studentsmustspendroughlytheequivalentoftwoyearsoncoursesinafieldofconcentrationandoneyearonelectivecourses.Studentsmustalsodemonstratecompetenceonwriting,mathematics,andaforeignlanguage.Tosupporttheauthor'sargument(thetopicsentenceofthisparagraph)that"FromitsearliestdaysHarvardestablishedandmaintainedatraditionofacademicexcellenceandthetrainingofcitizensfornationalpublicservice".6.FreshmenliveinhallswithinHarvardyard,whilestudentsinothergradesstayathouses.7.Atutor’sdutyistoprovideindividualinstruction,fosteringsocialandintellectualexchangebetweenstudentsandteachers.8.BeijingUniversity.(Becauseoftheprograms)9.SpecialfacilitiesinHarvardmainlyincludemuseums,collections,librarycomplex,arboretum,observatoryanditscentersforChristianstudiesandarthistoryresearch.10.YaleUniversityisitstraditionalrivalinsports.11.TheHarvardCrimson,adailynewspaperfoundedin1873.12.ThePresshasahistoryofabout90years.ExII(omitted)FurtherReading1.CollegeCostsandFinancialHelpExI.1.Theaveragecostatpublicuniversitieswasabout$6,500forallstudents.Thecostatprivateuniversitiesaveragedabout$16,700forallstudents.2.Manystudentshavepart-timejobswhiletheyattendschool.Somestudentsworkduringtheirsummervacations,andothersdropoutofcollegeforatimetowork.3.Studentsmaygettheirfinancialhelpfromsuchaidprogramsasscholarships,fellowships;federal,stateorprivateloan.4.Financialaidofficeincollegeoruniversitymayhelpthestudentssolvetheirfinancialproblems.2.SelectingCourses1.Curriculumreferstothecoursesgivenbyacollegeoruniversity.2.Inordertograduate,studentsinschoolsusingthesemestercalendarshouldgetabout120credits.3.Duringthefirsttwoyearsofcollege,studentstakelargelythebasicrequiredcourses.Thelasttwoyearsaredevotedmostlytothestudent'smajor.4.Studentsusuallyfinishtheirundergraduatestudyinfouryears.5.Graduatestudyismoreintensiveandspecializedthanundergraduatestudy.Itusuallyinvolvesmorereadingandsomeresearchexperience.6.Thethreedegreesofhighereducationincludethebachelor'sdegree,master'sdegreeanddoctor'sdegree.3.PekingUniversityandTsinghuaUniversityExINewCultureMovementbirthplacePatrioticMovementpatriotismdemocraticfreedomforscholasticstudiestheResistanceWarAgainstJapaneseAggressiontomergeintoSchoolofLiberalArtsSchoolofSciencesSchoolofEngineeringSchoolofLawresearchinstituteExII1.PekingUniversitywasfoundedin1898.2.ItsuggestedthestartofmodernhighereducationinChina.3.Asaleadinguniversity,PekingUniversityisfamousforitspioneeringscientificresearch,academicthought.4.TsinghuaUniversitywasfirstestablishedin1911.5.TsinghuauniversitywaslocatedinthenorthwesternsuburbsofBeijing,andwasnamedafterthesite"QingHuaYuan"theformerroyalgardenoftheQingDynasty.6.BecauseoftheResistanceWarAgainstJapaneseAggression.7.Six.8.ThemostimportantdisciplineatTsinghuaUniversityisengineering.TestReading1.TheOpenUniversity1.B2.D3.D4.C5.D2.TheCollegesystemofOxfordandCambridge1.C2.B3.D4.A.5.A3.EducationalResourcesatMIT1.C2.D3.A4.C5.C4.HowtoSelecttheCourse1.A2.B3.A4.D5.C哈佛大學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史HarvardUniversity,whichcelebratedits350thanniversaryin1986,istheoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.Founded16yearsafterthearrivalofthePilgrimsatPlymouth,theUniversityhasgrownfrom9studentswithasinglemastertoanenrollmentofmorethan18,000degreecandidates,includingundergraduates,andstudentsin10graduateandprofessionalschools.Alladditional13,000studentsareenrolledinoneormorecoursesattheHarvardExtensionSchool.Over14,000peopleworkatHarvard,includingmorethan2,000faculty.Therearemorethan7,000facultyappointmentsinaffiliatedteachinghospitals.SixpresidentsoftheUnitedStates-JohnAdams,JohnQuincyAdams,TheodoreandFranklinDelanoBoosevelt,RutherfordB.Hayes,andJohnFitzgeraldKennedy-weregraduatesofHarvard.ItsfacultyhaveproducedS4NobelLaureates.HarvardCollegewasestablishedin1636byvoteofthegreatandGeneralCourtofMassachusettsBayColony,andwasnamedforitsfirstbenefactor,JohnHarvardofCharlestown,ayoungministerwhouponhisdeathin1638lefthislibraryandhalfhisestatetothenewinstitution.Duringitsearlyyears,thecollegeofferedaclassicacademiccoursebasedontheEnglishUniversitymodelbutconsistentwiththeprevailingPuritanphilosophyofthefirstcolonists.AlthoughmanyofitsearlygraduatesbecameministersinPuritancongregationsthroughoutNewEngland,thecollegeneverformallyaffiliatedwithaspecificreligiousdenomination.UnderpresidentPusey(1958-71),HarvardundertookwhatwasthenthelargestfundraisingcampaigninthehistoryofAmericanhighereducation,the$82.5millionProgramforHarvardCollege.TheProgramstrengthenedfacultysalaries,broadenedstudentaid,creatednewprofessorships,andexpandedHarvard'sphysicalfacilities.Asimilarbutgreatlyexpandedfundraisingeffort,theHarvardCampaign(1979-84),wasconductedundertheleadershipofDerekBok(1971-91)andraised$356millionbytheendof1984.NeilL.RudenstinetookofficeasHarvard's26thpresidentin1991.AspartofanoverallefforttoachievegreatercoordinationamongtheUniversity'sschoolsandfaculties,RudenstinesetinmotionanintensiveprocessofUniversity-wideacademicplanning,intendedtoidentifysomeofHarvard'smainintellectualandprogrammaticpriorities.Thosehavebecomeanintegralpartofthecurrentfive-yearcapitalcampaign.Inaddition,RudenstinehasstressedtheUniversity'scommitmenttoexcellenceinundergraduateeducation,theimportanceofkeepingHarvard'sdoorsopentostudentsfromacrosstheeconomicspectrum,thetaskofadaptingtheresearchuniversitytoaneraofbothrapidinformationgrowthandseriousfinancialconstraints,andthechallengeoflivingtogetherinadiversecommunitycommittedtofreedomofexpression.哈佛大學(xué)于1986年慶祝建校三百五十周年。它是美國(guó)歷史最悠久的高等學(xué)府。哈佛建立于第一批歐洲移民踏上美洲大陸來(lái)到普利茅斯的十六年后，一開(kāi)始它只有九名學(xué)生、一名碩士生，現(xiàn)在包括在校本科生與其他學(xué)生在內(nèi)共有一萬(wàn)八千多人，有十所研究院與專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)院。在哈佛的分校中，還有一萬(wàn)三千名學(xué)生在哈佛分校選修了一門(mén)或多門(mén)課程。哈佛共有一萬(wàn)四千名工作人員，其中有兩千多名教職人員，在教學(xué)為目的的附屬醫(yī)院中還有七千多名教職員工。哈佛產(chǎn)生了約翰·亞當(dāng)斯、約翰·昆西·亞當(dāng)斯、西奧多及富蘭克林·德來(lái)諾·羅斯福、羅斯福德·g·海斯和約翰·弗斯杰羅德‘肯尼迪六位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，并產(chǎn)生了三十四位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者。哈佛大學(xué)建立于1636年，由當(dāng)時(shí)的馬塞諸塞灣殖民地選舉產(chǎn)生。學(xué)校是以它的第一個(gè)捐贈(zèng)者查里斯頓郡的約翰·哈佛命名的。約翰·哈佛是一位年輕的牧師，1638年他去世的時(shí)候，將他的藏書(shū)以及地產(chǎn)的一半捐贈(zèng)給這所新建的學(xué)校。在建校之初，課程設(shè)置依循英國(guó)大學(xué)的模式，以傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)院式的課程為主。但又與當(dāng)時(shí)美州盛行的第一批移民的清教思想相一致。盡管許多早期的畢業(yè)生成為新英格蘭清教教會(huì)的高級(jí)官員，哈佛大學(xué)從沒(méi)有正式與任何一種宗教信仰建立聯(lián)系。在蒲西校長(zhǎng)在職的1953至1971年間，哈佛經(jīng)歷了美國(guó)高校歷史上最大的籌款活動(dòng)。共籌得八千兩百五十萬(wàn)美元。這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)提高了教師工資，增加了學(xué)生資助項(xiàng)目，設(shè)置了新的教授職位，增設(shè)了哈佛的體育設(shè)施。另一項(xiàng)類(lèi)似然而更廣泛的籌款活動(dòng)于1979—1984年間展開(kāi)，當(dāng)時(shí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是德里克‘福德(1971—91)，到1984年底共籌得三億五千六百萬(wàn)美元。內(nèi)爾·L‘瑞丁斯坦是哈佛的第二十六任校長(zhǎng)，于1991年上任。為了加強(qiáng)院系之間的合作，瑞丁斯坦大力號(hào)召展開(kāi)一系列全校范圍內(nèi)的大規(guī)模學(xué)術(shù)計(jì)劃活動(dòng)，以加強(qiáng)哈佛主要的學(xué)術(shù)研究與突出項(xiàng)目。這個(gè)活動(dòng)成為美國(guó)5年計(jì)劃的重要組成部分。而且，瑞丁斯坦強(qiáng)調(diào)哈佛應(yīng)致力于提高學(xué)生教育，強(qiáng)調(diào)哈佛的大門(mén)應(yīng)向各個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)階層的學(xué)生敞開(kāi)，大學(xué)應(yīng)適應(yīng)新紀(jì)元中信息迅速增長(zhǎng)以及經(jīng)濟(jì)局勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻的要求，迎接多元性社會(huì)團(tuán)體堅(jiān)持言論自由的挑戰(zhàn)。

Unit2LearningandStudyFundamentalReading:1.SuccessfulLanguageLearners1.B2.A3.D4.B5.D2.GoodStudyHabitsExI1.Paragraph1.2.Paragraph33.Paragraph64.Paragraph7ExIIThispassageofferssuggestionsonhowtodevelopgoodstudyhabits.Noiseandvisualdistractions.Accordingtotheauthor,thebesttimeofdayforstudydependsonone’spersonalpreferences,thekindoflifeoneleads,andone’sfamilysituation.Studyingthemostdifficultsubjectsfirstortakingbreaksbetweensubjectsmaypreventourmindfromwandering.Wecanalsoworkonsuchtasksaswritingoutnextweek’sstudyscheduleorreviewingthepreviousday’swork.Themnemonicdevicesarerhymes,mentalpictures,andothermemoryaids.Themaingoodstudyhabitstheauthormentionedinthepassageincludelearningtoconcentrate,reviewingasubjectassoonaspossible,planningstudyschedule,choosingthebesttimeforstudyandusingthepropermnemonicdevices.3.HowWeReadThetwostepsinvolvedinreadingincludeperceivingreadingmatterandcomprehendingwhatisperceived.Thedifferencebetweenthemconsistsinthattheformeristoseeandrecognizewrittenorprintedlettersandwords,whilethelatteristounderstandreadingmatter.Whenreading,weusethefollowingeyemovements:saccadicmovements,fixations,regressionandreturnsweep.Beforetheprintedandwrittensymbolsaretranslatedintomeaning,theyarechangedintoelectricalimpulsesthattraveltothevisioncenterofthebrainandthentobesenttothespecificareasofthebrain.Readingpurposecannotonlydeterminetheselectionoftextbutalsohelpyoudecidewhichexperiencesandreadingskillstousetocomprehendthematerial.Duringreading,thepastexperiencemaybedrawnonasyourbackground.Paragraph7functionsasatransitionalparagraph.Three.Three.Theyarecontextclues(semanticorsyntactic),structuralanalysisandphonics.A.)Structuralanalysis.B.)Contextclues.(semantic)C.)Contextclues.(semanticandsyntactic)D.)Contextcluesandstructuralanalysis.E.)Contextclues.(semantic)Readabilitymeanshowreadablethereadingmaterialis.A.B.D.EReaders.Theformulasmaybeusedtodesignmaterialstothereadinglevelsoftheintendedaudience,butpeople’srealreadinglevelsmaybehigherorlowerthanmightbepredictedbyformulas.FurtherReading:1.ImprovingMemoryExIPeoplecanimprovetheirmemorybypractice.Themainmnemonicdevicesarerhymes,clues,mentalpicturesandothermethods.Anacronymmeansawordformedfromthefirstlettersorsyllablesofotherwords.Forexample,theacronymhomesmeansthenamesoftheGreatLakesHuron,Ontario,Michigan,Erie,Superior.Inthisway,footballplayersmaymakethesurroundingsinwhichtheycompetesimilartothoseinwhichtheypracticed.ExIIC2.D3.A2.SkillLearningandVerbalLearningExILearningistheprocessbywhichchangesinbehaviorresultfromexperienceorpractice.Fiverulescanbeappliedtolearningskills.Tworulescanbeappliedtoverballearning.Thedifferencebetweenpositivetransferandnegativetransferliesinwhethersimilarstimulicanelicitthesameresponse.ExIID2.B3.C3.LearningandTeachingThethreetypesoftheoriesoflearningarebehaviormodificationtheories,cognitivetheories,andhumanistictheories.Behaviormodificationtheoriesstatethatlearningconsistsofforminghabitsandstresstypesoflearningwhoseresultscanbemeasuredortested.Cognitivetheoriesstresstheimportanceofthoughtprocessesinlearning.Humanistictheoriesstresstheimportanceoftheemotionsinlearning.Theteacher’smaintaskistocreateconditionsthatwillencourageandstimulatelearning.Teachersusuallyusesuchteachingaidsasbooks,audio-visualmaterials,computersandfieldtrips.Teachersguidetheirstudentsbycombiningbehaviormodification,cognitive,andhumanisticteachingprinciplesorbydependingonexperienceandintuition.TestReading:1.ImprovingReadingSkillsC2.C3.B4.C5.D2.Learn-While-Sleep1.B2.C3.C4.D5.C3.“TheInformationPlace”YourLocalLibraryD2.C3.A4.D5.D.4.MaintainingProgressinYourEnglishStudiesA2.B3.A4.C5.D譯文（MaintainingProgressinYourEnglishStudies）語(yǔ)言是用來(lái)交際的。如果你總是獨(dú)自學(xué)習(xí)，你就失去了練習(xí)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的機(jī)會(huì)。配對(duì)練習(xí)、小組練習(xí)會(huì)給你提供更多的時(shí)間來(lái)嘗試運(yùn)用新學(xué)到的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)。別擔(dān)心考師聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)，無(wú)法給你糾正每一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。記住：隨著時(shí)間的推移，你的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)逐漸消失。課堂是接觸其他想學(xué)同樣語(yǔ)言的人的一個(gè)好途徑，而且這種接觸也不必僅限在課內(nèi)。為什么課外不常碰碰頭，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)或考試前互相幫助呢?你們可以對(duì)自己感到困難的問(wèn)題交換意見(jiàn)，也可以互相交換各自找到的有用材料的信息。在你學(xué)習(xí)不順利之時(shí)，你的伙伴不僅會(huì)是同情你、支持你的忠實(shí)聽(tīng)眾，他們也能為你出主意，提供多種方法，幫助你學(xué)習(xí)。如何保持學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力?保持學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力對(duì)成功地學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言至關(guān)緊要。正如我們前面講過(guò)的，你應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備好面對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)中順利和不順利的種種情況。在你的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中可能有這祥的階段：你會(huì)對(duì)你所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)生消極的情緒。這些情緒包括：◆沮喪，是當(dāng)體的進(jìn)步顯得慢時(shí)，◆情緒不穩(wěn)定，是當(dāng)你不完理解所學(xué)的東西時(shí)，◆煩惱,是當(dāng)你不斷地忘記簡(jiǎn)單的東西時(shí)，◆厭煩，是當(dāng)你不得不一遍又一遍地做同樣的事情時(shí)，◆怨恨，所學(xué)的一切都如此復(fù)雜．而且英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)的使用規(guī)則又是那么地不同。顯然，我們并不想使你對(duì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)掃興，但是當(dāng)這些情緒在你學(xué)習(xí)碰到困難冒出來(lái)時(shí)，你最好能意識(shí)到這一切都是正常的，而且不是你一個(gè)人有如此的消極情緒。堅(jiān)持不懈!這些情緒將成為過(guò)去，而你在此過(guò)程中，將會(huì)得到許多補(bǔ)償。當(dāng)然，在其他時(shí)候，你會(huì)感到：◆滿(mǎn)足，那是在你看到自己取得了進(jìn)步的時(shí)候，◆有興趣，是在你知道了更多的所學(xué)語(yǔ)言的現(xiàn)象時(shí)，◆高興，是在你碰到一個(gè)新的短語(yǔ)和表達(dá)法時(shí)，◆激勵(lì)，那是在你遇到思考或談?wù)撌澜绲男滤季S方式的時(shí)候，◆自豪，那是由于你理解新的語(yǔ)言的能力和表達(dá)你的思想和感情的能力在增強(qiáng)。在你實(shí)踐和發(fā)現(xiàn)最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法的過(guò)程中，你將會(huì)感到自信心在不斷增強(qiáng)，能夠?qū)W好的信心也在不斷增強(qiáng)。EnglishSalonJune1998

Unit3SportsandPhysicalEducationFundamentalReading1.OlympicGamesExIthenationalteamuniformequipmentsiteathleteselectiontrialhostcountryeventgold,silverandbronzemedal10.medalwinner/medalist11.first-placewinner12.qualifyingtournament13.relay14.toraisethenationalflag(ofthecountry)15.toplaythenationalanthem(ofthecountry)ExII1.D2.B3.C4.A5.C2.SoccerExIgoalkeeperformationoffensivedefensiveastarplayerdefendermidfielderforwardrefereelinesmanofficiate,enforcetherulestoputaplayeroutofthegametocommitafoulpenaltykicktobetiedovertimetoflipacoinkickoffprofessionalamateurTheFederationInternationaledeFootballAssociation(FIFA)ExIITheWorldCupisafootballcompetitionheldeveryfouryearsamongteamsfrommanycountries.Eleven.Theymakedecisionsabouttheteam’sstrategyaccordingtothescoreofthegame.The4-3-3formationhasfourdefenders,threemidfieldersandthreeforwards.The4-4-2formationconsistsoffourdefenders,fourmidfieldersandtwoforwards.Eachteamisallowedtosubstituteatmosttwoplayersduringagame.Therefereecontrolsthetimeofthegame,makescertainthattherulesarefollowedandsettlesdisputesinagame.Thelinesmanhelpsdecidewhichteamgetspossessionoftheballwhentheballhascrossedthelineandsignaltherefereewhenheseesaplayercommitafoul.TheFederationInternationaledeFootballAssociation(FIFA).Theyincludekicking,passing,heading,dribblingandfaking,andtackling.Ninetyminutes.Eachteamwillshootaseriesoffivepenaltykicksatthegoalandtheteamthatscoresthemostgoalsoutoffiveisdeclaredthewinner.3.PhysicalEducationItinvolvesawidevarietyofactivities,includingelementarygames,basicmovementskills,fitnessandconditioningexercises,individualandteamsports,recreationalactivities,andcreativemovement.Basicmotorskillsusuallyincluderunning,jumping,andthrowing.Studentsdevelopphysicalfitnessbyincreasingtheirendurance,strength,andflexibility.Collegestudentsaregenerallyrequiredtotakeoneortwoyearsofphysicaleducation.Studentsmuststudythesubjectslikeanatomy,sportstechniques,andteachingmethods.TheancientGreeks.TheincreasingpopularityofintercollegiatecompetitioninsportsplayedanimportantroleinmakingAmericansinterestedinphysicaleducation.Theymusthaveabachelor’sdegreeandateachingcertificate,alicensetoteachawardedbyeachstate.8.Theymaybecomephysicaleducationinstructorsinschools,directorsofrecreationprogramsatday-carecenter,parks,orprisons,athletictrainersandsportsadministrators.FurtherReadingOneoftheGreatestAthletesofthe20thCentury1.A2.A3.D4.B5.C2.MartialArtsMartialartsaretraditionalskillsoffightingordefendingoneself,whichoriginatedinAsiancountriessuchasChinaandJapan.Or:MartialartsisageneraltermforvarioustypesoffightingartsthatoriginatedintheOrient.Technically,theyaredividedintotwocategories,percussiveandnonpercussive.Percussivemartialartsincludekarate-doandtaekwondo.Nonpercussivemartialartsinvolvejudoandaikido.Today,peoplepracticethemartialartsforexercise,asameansofself-defense,andasasport.TheyareShaolinandT’aichichuan.Shaolin,developedinnorthernChina,involvesstraight-lineattacksandretreats,emphasizingstrengthandspeed.T’aichichuan,thesouthernstyle,consistsofcircularmotionsandintricatefootpatternsandemphasizesgentleforceandinnerharmony.TheteachingsofKungfuwasrestrictedtothoseofimmediateChineseancestrybefore1964.Thebujutsuandthebudo.Bujutsuemphasizescombatandwillingnesstofacedeathasamatterofhonor.Budofocusesonmoralandaestheticdevelopment.Taekwondo,“theartofkickingandpunching.”Theartofescrimaisanartinwhichbarehandedtechniquesandknife/sticktechniquesareinterchangeable.3.WhatMakesOlympicChampions?ExIItwasherdeterminationandcouragethatgaveherthegoldmedal.ThereareseveralqualitiesthatmakeOlympicchampions.Theyhaveadreamsupportedbytheirparentsandthosearoundthem.TheyarenotonlyexcitedbytheOlympicflamethatburnsinsidethembutalsoinspiredbytheirfailurestogoahead.Theyaimhighandplanfortrouble.Theynevergiveupandmaketheirownluck.Sheadvisedotherparentsofathletestobelieveintheirchildren.Becauseifyouhaveadreaminyourmind,youwillbedrawntowarditandworkhardtomakeitcometrue.5.Eight.Becausehewasmentallypreparedforthetroublethatmighthappeninthegame,hecouldmakeappropriatechangesandfinallywonthegoldmedal.ExII(omitted)TestReadingMarathon1.C2.C3.B4.D5.C2.PractisingMartialArtsforYourHealth1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B3.MartinaHingis:PrincessofWTAExI1.B2.D3.AExII一九九六年七月八日，星期一，當(dāng)瑪?shù)倌仍谟?guó)溫布爾登（女子雙打）比賽中，成為最年輕的冠軍時(shí)，她創(chuàng)造了歷史。她脾氣不小，但她那甜美無(wú)邪的外表，使任何一個(gè)裁判都無(wú)法扣她的分。4.QigongBreathing.Sitting,lying,standingorwalkingpositions.PractisingQigongcanhelpthemgainimmunityfromdiseaseandbuildastrongconstitution.Onlywhenthethreeaspects,regulationofbodypositions,regulationofrespirationandregulationofthemindarecoordinatedcanQigonghelppeopleachieveabalanceofthebodilyfunctions.Whenitisusedtotreatspecificdiseases.Unit4TheMediaFundamentalReadingRadioProgramsExIradiostationradioprogramadvertisemententertainmentnewscastaudienceon-the-spotnewscoverageweatherforecasttrafficreportssportseventsExIIDiscjockeysarepeoplewhointroduceandcommentonthemusic.Theyareemployedbytheradiostationsbecausetheirannouncingstyleandpersonalitiesattractthestation’slargestaudience.“Old-timefavorites”probablyreferstothebestlikedmusicfromalongtimeago.Atalkshowisaradioortelevisionprogramonwhichmembersofthepublicappeartodiscussavarietyoftopicsorpeoplefrommanyprofessionsareinterviewed.2.TheNewspaperExI1.newspaperstaff2.frontpage/thefirstpage3.indexsectionobjectiveandwithoutopinionsheadlinenewsservice/newsagencyAP(AssociatedPress)UPI(UnitedPressInternational)REUTERS(ReutersPress)columnisteditorExIITheopeningparagraphofanewsarticleiscalledalead.Itcontainsalltheessentialfactsofthestory.Acolumnisthelongnarrowlinesofprint.Newspapersaregenerallyprintedincolumnssotheycanbereadfaster.Aby-lineisalinejustundertheheadlinethatindicateswhowrotethearticle.Featurearticlesandarticleswrittenbycolumnistshave“by-line”.Anysubjectivearticleislikelytohavetheauthor’snameina“by-line”.Areaderinahurrycouldreadonlytheheadlineandthefirstparagraphofastoryandknowthemostimportantinformation,sotheclosingparagraphofanewsstoryusuallycontainstheleastimportantinformation.3.TheInternetThroughtheInternet,peoplecansendandreceivee-mail,obtainnews,joinelectronicdebates,andplayelectronicgames.PeopleusuallyaccesstheInternetwithadevicecalledamodem.InternetoriginatedfromARPAnet,anetworkdevelopedbytheAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense.TheInternetmaybecomepartofalargernetworkcalledtheinformationsuperhighway.FurtherReading1.E-mailThefunctionofmailserveristoprocessanddirecte-mail.Listserversmakeitpossibletoaddressalistofsubscriberseitherinone-waycommunicationortwo-waycommunication.Usenetenablesdiscussionsonaparticularsubjecttobegroupedtogetherintonewsgroups.WithUsenetpeoplecanchoosewhichmessagetheywanttoreadandalsoreplytothembypostingmessagestothenewsgroup.2.ProtectingChildrenfromtheworldThesnowcoveredthestreetsandthegarbagecansaroundthehouse.Theauthorhopesthatthesnowwillalsocoveranygreynessandsadnessintheworld.Theywerewatchinganewversionofanoldstory,“TheDiaryofAnneFrank”.Thestoryisaboutalittlegirlcaughtinthefightingofawarmanyyearsago.Toputhumansufferingandevilintheirplace.ShewantshermothertotellherthateverythingisgoingtobeOKuntilshegrowsup/totellherthatsheissafe.Themotherwasreluctanttoreassureherdaughter.Becausewedon’twanttofrightenthem,butwedon’twanttolieeither.A.Thosewhoparentbyterror.B.Thosewhoprotecttheirchildrenfromeverything.BBeauty,falseassurance,cleanwhitesurroundings.EffectsofTelevisionExIParagraph1expressesthemainideaofthewholepassage.Itaffectsthewaypeoplespendtheirtimeandwhatandhowtheylearn.Televisionhasbroughtaboutmajorchangesinseveralpartsofthesociety,includingpolitics,motionpicturesandradio,andsports.Ontheotherhand,however,butExII(omitted)TestReading1.AChangedMedium1.T2.T3.F4.T5.T2.LetterstotheEditorHeisagraduateofatechnicaluniversityinsouthernChina,withthree-year-experienceofworkinginanoffice.BecausehewantedAbetosuggestsomespecialwaystoproposemarriagetohisgirlfriend.Probablyhemeansthatitiseasytofindawaytoaskawomantomarryyou.Menusedtogetdownononekneeandasksincerelyforexactlywhattheywerewishingfororjustask,"Willyoumarryme?"Theeventofaskingawomantomarryyoushouldbepersonal.3.MagazineAcollectionofarticles,stories,andillustrations.Awidevarietyofinformation,opinion,andentertainment.Magazinesaredesignedtobekeptmuchlongerthannewspapers,somostofthemhaveasmallerpagesizeandareprintedonbetterpaper.Manyhaveabindingofstaplesofstitching.Incontent,magazinesoftenhavelessconcernwithdaily,rapidlychangingeventsthandonewspapers.Mostmagazineshaveacoverfeaturingaphotographoradrawingratherthannewsstorieslikethefirstpageofanewspaper.Dailynewspapersprintworld,national,state,andlocalnews.Theyalsocarryeditorials,opinioncolumns,featurearticles,andentertainmentitems.Butweeklynewspapers,ingeneral,servemuchsmallerareasthandailypapersandpublishnewsofamorepersonalnature.Mostweeklynewspapersdonotcarrystate,national,orworldnews.Someofthebestwritersandthinkersinthenationwriteeitheroccasionallyorregularlyformagazines.Manywell-knownauthorspublishedtheirearlyworksinmagazines.4.OtherUsesofRadioExINavigation,datatransmission,andspecialuses.Radio-controlleddevicescanbeusedtodirectrailroadcarsinswitchingyards.Radioequipmentsendsradiowaves,whichhaveelectronicsignals,toanotherradioequipmentthatcanconverttheradiowavesintoelectronicsignals.EXII這些信號(hào)使得航海援救，遠(yuǎn)程控制裝置以及信息傳輸設(shè)備的運(yùn)行成為可能。許多船只擁有依靠從陸地發(fā)送航海信號(hào)的幫助來(lái)確定自己的位置。病人吞下一片無(wú)線(xiàn)電藥丸——也被稱(chēng)為無(wú)線(xiàn)電膠囊——里面含有一個(gè)微型的無(wú)線(xiàn)電接收器。當(dāng)藥丸在胃中時(shí)，它向醫(yī)生傳輸信號(hào)提供病人的癥狀。

Unit5MoviesFundamentalReadingDevelopingtheStoryofaFeatureFilmExIproducerdirectorscreenwriterscreenplay,scriptactoractressagentfilmmakercharacterstudioExII1.T2.F3.F4.T5.TExIIITheyarebasedontheideacomefromanewspaperarticle,fromsomeone’simagination,orfromanexistingbookorplay.Hisjobistocreatethedocumentthatwillserveastheblueprintforproducingthefilm.“Spec"meansthatthescreenwriterhasnotbeencontractedtowriteascriptbasedonsomeoneelse'sidea.Iftheyareinterested,theycanpurchasethescriptoutrightor--forareducedfee--theycanoptionit.Theyexplorethepossibilityofproducingthescript.2.MotionPictureExIfilmprojectorvideotapeplayerediting4.sound-recordingequipment5.slowmotion6.animationExIITheycanalsobecalledmovies,film,orcinema.Theyexpresstheirideasthroughamotion-picturecamera.Byusingthecameraindifferentways,theycanexpressdifferentpointsofview.Highlytechnicaldevicesincludecameras,sound-recordingequipment,andprojectors.Thelate1800’s.Theyreceivedscholarlyattentioninthe1960’s.Ad