2023學(xué)年完整公開課版Unit3Computers22

Unit3GrammarThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice3.Learningaboutpassivevoice—anoverview4.UnderstandingthestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceThestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/has＋been＋~edLearningaboutpassivevoice—anoverview

TenseorModelPassiveSentenceSimplePresentTheTOEFLexamisgiveneverysixmonths.SimplepastTheTOEFLexamwasgivenlastmonth.SimpleFutureTheTOEFLexamwillbegiveneveryyear.TenseorModelPassiveSentencePresentContinuousTheTOEFLexamisbeinggiveneveryyear.PresentperfectTheTOEFLexamhasbeengiveneveryyearsince1950.PastperfectTheTOEFLexamhadbeengivenbeforetheVietnamWaroccurred.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)UnderstandingthestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceThestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/has＋been＋~ed注意:

副詞的位置

often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。如:[誤]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.

[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：

[誤]

GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí)常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。3.短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞或副詞。如：Thepatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊動(dòng)詞,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?(1)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。(2)把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過去分詞)

(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法(3)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語,將主格改為賓格。例如：

Allthepeoplelaughedathim.

Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.

Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.(4)雙賓語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)可將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。主動(dòng)：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被動(dòng)：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被動(dòng)：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.(5)帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,原來的賓補(bǔ)保留不動(dòng)，改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。主動(dòng)：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被動(dòng)：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.Practice

TurnthefollowingintothePassiveVoice.1.Wehaveplantedsometreesaroundthelake.

Sometreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.2.Myfatherhaslockedthedoor.

Thedoorhasbeenlocked.3.Someonehasturnedoffthelight.

Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.4.WewillholdtheOlympicGamesinBeijingintheyear2008.

TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingin

theyear2008.5.Theyhaverebuiltthebridge.

Thebridgehasbeenrebuilt.試分析：1)[誤]Manynewbuildingsbeen builtsince2000．

[正]Manynewbuildingshave beenbuiltsince2000．

[析]

謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全,時(shí)態(tài)部分不完整。

2)[誤]Somethingbadhasbeen happenedtohim．

[析]

被動(dòng)語態(tài)誤用。happen為不及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

[正]Somethingbadhashappenedtohim.

[正]Thedoorhasopenedofitself．

[析]

有些動(dòng)詞如open,break,drop

等既可作及物動(dòng)詞，又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，若不強(qiáng)調(diào)誰是動(dòng)作發(fā)出者，我們通常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。of

itself意思是“自動(dòng)地”。因此,此句不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3)[誤]Thedoorhasbeenopenedof itself．

4)[誤]IhaveintroducedtoMrLi．

[析]introduce為及物動(dòng)詞,I是 introduce的承受者。

[正]IhavebeenintroducedtoMr Li(byMrWang)．Practice

1.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided2.Everypossiblemeans___topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused3.Allthepreparationsforthetask___andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted

4.Somenewoilfields___since1976.A.wereopenedupB.hasopenedupC.havebeenopenedupD.hadbeenopenedup5.Thesilenceofthelibrary___onlybythesoundofpagesbeingturnedover.A.hasbeenbrokenB.breaksC.brokeD.wasbroken6.—__thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

—Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.ItoldPuttheChineseintoEnglishtocompletethesentences.1.Youcanseethehouse__________________(未油漆)foryears.2.Howmanyworkers_____________(已派遣)tobuildtherailway?hasnotbeenpaintedhavebeensent3.—WhydoesMarylooksounhappy?

—She__________________(被嘲笑)byherclassmates.

4.Itissaidthatthehouse___________________(闖進(jìn)了)bytwothieves.hasbeenlaughedatbrokenintohasbeen5._____hisviews_____________(受到批判)bythem?6.Thetwopens_______________________(未被拿走)byhim.7.Where___thetelevision______________(已經(jīng)修理了)?Havebeencriticizedhavenotbeentakenawayhasbeen

repaired8.ThepriceofacolorTVset_____________________(降價(jià)了)again.9.What__________________(已被譯成)intomanyforeignlanguages?

beenb