安全常識(shí)外傷急救

安全常識(shí)-外傷急救（Safetyknowledge-traumafirstaid）

Safetytips-trauma,firstaid,.Txt.Whydowealwaysaddstorieswhenwe'retellingstories?Thesummerflowers,finallyendedupsmashedtopiecesstillsmile,say.Safetyknowledge-traumafirstaid

Firstaidfordogbites

-source:ahundredLipickmedicine

Dogbites,whethermaddogsornormaldogs,shouldbewashedasquicklyandquicklyaspossiblewithalargeamountofwater(10000mlormore).Ifthereisnowateraround,thenyoucanusehumanurineinsteadofwaterrinse,andthentrytofindwater.

Rinsethewoundthoroughly.Thedogbitewoundsareoftenoutsidethemouthofsmalldeepinside,whichrequireswashingthewoundtoexpandasmuchaspossible,andsqueezethesofttissuearound,tryingtostaininthewoundofdogsalivaandwoundbloodrinse.Ifthewoundbleeding,shouldbeimmediatelysenttohospitalemergencyandtourniquet.Remember:donotbandagethewound!

Onthespot,immediatelywashthewoundthoroughly,isthekeytodecidethesuccessorfailureoftherescue,donotforgettowashthewound,orcarelesswash,evenwithmercurochromeboundthewoundsenttohospital,whichisabsolutelywrong.

Firstaidofcatbite

-source:ahundredLipickmedicine

Catbites,localswelling,woundpain,seriouscancauselymphangitisorlymphadenitis,cellulitis,suchascatsinfectedwithrabies,itisevenmoreseriousconsequences.Therefore,on-siteemergencytreatmentmustbedone.

firstaid

Ifthelimbsarebitten,thetourniquetshouldbeligatedabovethewoundandthentreatedwithdebridement.Firstrinsewithwater,boilingwaterorsaltsolutionandthenusethePotassiumPermanganate1:2000wound,iodineor5%carboliclocalburnwound.Woundsinotherareasaretreatedwithlimbs.Forseriousinjuries,shouldbesenttohospitalforfirstaid.Intheepidemicareaofrabies,thetreatmentofcatbiteshouldbetreatedwithdogbitetopreventrabies.

Bittenbypoisonousinsectsafterhowemergencytreatment

-source:People'sHealthDaily

Birlanemainlyincludes:centipedebite,scorpionstings,leeches,caterpillarsstingetc..

First-aidmeasures

1、centipedebites.Thewoundisapairofsmallholes,thevenomflowsintothewoundandisinflamedlocally.Centipedevenomisacidic,andcanbeneutralizedwithalkalineliquid.Immediately5-10%withsodawaterorsoapwater,limeandwater,withoutiodine.Thenapplyastrongerlyeor3%ammoniawater.

2,scorpionsting.Thereisasharphookscorpiontail,andapairofconnectedgland.Thescorpionstings,andthevenomflowsintothewound.Stingintheinjuredlimbs,intheaboveboundtourniquet,sting,alumwithbrokenricevinegartuneintoapaste,paintedonthewound.Whennecessary,askthedoctortoopenthewound,venomextraction.

3,leeches.Don'tbitetheleechwaspulledtoconfound,withyourpalmorsolehardslap,afterintenseshaking,chuckandjawsleechwillnaturallyletgo,afraidofw.pigrasalt,sprinklesomesaltorafewdropsofwateronit,itwillimmediatelyshrinkandfalldownthebody.

4,caterpillarstings.Afterbeingstungbyacaterpillar,stickyhaircanbestuckwithpoison.

Howtocopewithasuddensprain?

-source:Xinhuanet

Incident:doinghouseworkathome,suddenlyaccidentally,waisttwist,painunbearable.

ShijiazhuangCity,thefirsthospitaldepartmentoforthopedicsdirectoratsea:labororexercise,anklejoint,waist,wristandfingerjointshadsuddenlyreversed,tearingattachedtothejointcapsule,ligamentsandtendons,isoutsidethejointsprain,commonsymptomsofpain,swellingorskinbruising,thejointscannotberotated.Thetreatmentofdifferentsprainsisasfollows:

Ligamentinjury:canbeicecold,coldwatercanalsobeusedinstead,toreducepain,thenshouldpayattentiontorest.

Acutelumbarsprain:runningtothehospitalhurriedlyislikelytoaggravatethecondition,

Thepatientshouldslowlyliedownonahardboardbedrest,ifthehomewithYunnanBaiyaosprayandotherdrugs,canalsobesprayedonthesiteofthesprain.Afterasimplerest,itisbetterforthepatienttotakecareofthefamilyandgotothehospitalforexaminationtodeterminethecondition.

Sitedeformation:suchassprainedanklesprain,availablestraightboardholdingtheinjurysite,withabandageorclothtodosometemporaryfixedassoonaspossibletothehospital,donotblindlymassagetreatment.

Movementoftoesandfingers:stopmotionimmediately,compresswithiceorcoldwater,andthenplaceyourfingersortoesinstraightpositionwithstraightstripsoradhesivetape.Iftheswellingandpaincontinueafteraweek,itmaybeafracture,mustgotothehospitalfortreatment.

Woundinfectioncancausedeath

-source:InternationalOnline

In2005theParisDakarrallycamethebadnews,SpainsufferedacaraccidentontheterritoryofMauritaniaPerezhandmotorcyclerace,therewerecomplicationsweretreatedinthehospital,butdiedofwoundinfection.Seeingthereport,manypeoplearepuzzled:whydoesthewoundinfectionleadtodeath?

-pyogenicinfectionistheleadingcauseofdeath

Traumacausedbyvariouskindsofwounds,suchaslaceration,cuts,puncturesandblindwound,penetratinginjury,willcausedifferenttypesofinfection,andthewoundinfectioniscloselyrelatedtothedegreeofthesize,depthanddegreeofpollutionetc..Theslightinfectionshowedonlyred,swelling,heatandpain.Moresevereinfection,inadditiontotheobviouslocalsymptomsofthewound,therewillbehighfever,comaandothersystemicsymptomsofpoisoning.

Canoccurinsofttissueinfectionaftertrauma,mayalsooccurinthelung,urinarysystem,skeletalsitescanbepyogenicinfectionnonspecific,alsocanformspecificbacterialinfectionssuchastetanusandgasgangrene.

Posttraumaticsepticinfectionisacommondiseaseintraumainfection.Amongthem,traumaisthemostcommoninfectionofsofttissueandbonejointcausedbywound.Secondly,itiscomplicatedinfectioncausedbytraumaandprolongedbedstay,suchasbedsore,pneumonia,urinarytractinfectionandsoon.Infectionaffectstherepairoftissue,thehealingofthewoundandtheconnectionofthebone,whichthreatensthelifeofthepatientandshouldbepromptlytreatedandactivelyprevented.

Pyogenicinfectionincludesepsis,sepsisandsepsis,septicshockcanoccur,whichistheleadingcauseofdeath.

Thebloodcirculationinsepsispatientswithbacterialgrowthandmultiplyrapidly,abruptonset,inasuddenchillafterthetemperaturerisesrapidly,upto40~41DEGC,theskinorsubcutaneousbleeding.Thepatient'sfacialexpressionisindifferent,theseriouspersonisfuzzy,fidgety,evenunconscious.Latebodytemperatureisusuallybelownormal,withadecreaseinleukocytesandrapidsepticshock.Theoccurrenceofsepsisinpatientswithabscesstransferredtovariousorgans,canappearcorrespondingvisceraabscesssymptoms.Toxemiaissystemicpoisoning,andithasseriousmedicalhistorysuchasinjuryandinfection.Thesymptomsoftheinfectionvary,buthavehighthermalcharacteristics,canbeseriousconfusionorstupor.

Bacterialinfectionismoreseriousconsequences-specific

Tetanusisanacuteandspecificinfectioncausedbytetanusbacilliinvading,producingandsecretingtoxins,mainlycharacterizedbypersistentcontractionofwholeorlocalmusclesandparoxysmalspasms.Tetanusbacillusisagrampositiveanaerobicbacillus,widelyfoundinsoilandfaeces,andhasastrongresistancetotheenvironment.Whentrauma,itcanpollutethedeeptissue,ifthewoundisdeeper,andtherearenecrosistissue,ischemiaandhypoxia,formingasuitableenvironmentforbacterialgrowthandreproduction.

Allbacteriathatcausewoundinfectionsareinvadingtissues,causinglocalchangesandsystemicpoisoning.Butthetetanuswithotherpathogens,regardlessofbacteriaorthetoxin,inthewoundhadnoobviouspathologicalchanges,itisthebodyoftoxinsthroughthesecretionandspreadandcausedisease,itsvirulenceproducesexotoxin,havespecialaffinityofnerveafterabsorption,distributioninthespinalcordandthebrainstem,vulnerableandlife.

Theoccurrenceanddevelopmentoftetanusarerelativelyrapidandmustbetreatedintime.Patientsshouldbeisolatedinaquietandweaklightward,avoidlight,wind,sound,vibrationandotherexternalstimuli,andpayattentiontooralhygieneandpreventtheoccurrenceofbedsoreandothercomplications.Woundsepsisorpoordrainage,willexpandthewound,removenecrotictissueandforeignbodies,andwiththePotassiumPermanganate3%solutionofhydrogenperoxideor1:5000washingandwetdressingwound.SuchastheTetanusAntitoxintestwasnegative,butinjectionofantitetanicserum,toneutralizetoxin.

Tetanuscanbeprevented.Automaticimmunotherapywereinjected3times,thefirsttimeintermittentsubcutaneousinjection,6~8weeks,andthenasecondinjection,canobtainthebasicimmunization;inthesixmonthstooneyearaftertheinjectionofthirdtimes,cangetstableimmunity;afterevery5yearsinjectedoncemore.Toaccepttheautomaticimmuneinjury,earlysubcutaneousinjectionofantitetanicserum.Becauseofitsshortactingtime,theperiodofvalidityisabout10days,sothewoundedwithdeeptraumaandseverepollutioncanbeinjected1timesaweeklater.Buttheantitetanicserumpreparationofthehorse,withtheformermustberoutinefortheallergytest,ifpositive,shouldbeinjectedaccordingtodesensitizationtherapy.

GasgangreneistheClostridiumgenusspecificacutebacterialsofttissueinfectioninsofttissueseriousopeninjury,severetraumaoccurredinthelowerlimbsandbuttocksmusclesrichpartsaftertheincubationperiodisgenerally1~4days,thereareshortto6hours.Severelocalwoundcanrelievepain,woundedema,earlypaleskinshiny,thenturntodarkpurple,andfinallychangedtoblack,andtheemergenceofadarkredliquidblister,woundoutfloworpulpslurrywithbloodyfluidodor.Patientswithearlyandmiddlemanifestationswerefever,thirst,irritability,bodydiscomfort;thelattershowedextremeweakness,apathyandirritability,fever,sweating,shortnessofbreath,pulsenumber,afterdelirium,andevencoma,canalsocausejaundiceandanemiaobvious,decreasedbloodpressure,severecasescanoccursepticshock.

Oncethediagnosisismade,thediscoloredmusclesandforeignbodiesshouldberemovedimmediatelyuntilthenormalcolorandbleedinghealthytissueremains.Ifthemusclesoftheentirefasciacompartmentareseverelydamaged,therearecomminutedfracturesandmajorvascularinjuries,arterialpulsationhasdisappeared,andseveresepsisshouldbeconsidered,andhighamputationshouldbeconsidered.Patientsshouldalsobestrictlysegregatedtopreventcrossinfection.

Makecorrectandtimelytreatmentofinfectedwounds

Treatmentofinfectedwoundsontheonehandtomakesystemictreatmentaccordingtothedegreeofinfectionandsystemicreactionofthewound;ontheotherhandtocleanupthewoundandwounddressing,fullbodiesandnecrotictissues,removepus,topreventthespreadofinflammation,granulationtissuegrowthforsmooth,sutureorskingraftingafterhealingorfortheready.Althoughthewoundhasbeeninfected,butdressingalsorequiresroutineasepticoperation,heavyanddeepwoundsshouldgotothehospitalfortreatment.

Handtrauma;familyemergencytreatment

-source:InternationalOnline

Indailylifeandhousework,handtraumaisalmostimpossibletoavoid.Emergencytreatmentassoonaspossiblewillrelievepainandshortentreatmenttime.Handtraumacanbedividedintobluntinjuryandsharpinjuryintwocategories.

Thereisacommonbluntinjurybycrushingandwoundedskinbyhardobjects,mostlynotbroken,greenorsubcutaneoushematoma,thenusethecoldtowelorwaterbagforhalfanhour,canpreventhematomaenlargement,relievepain.Ifthesubungualhematoma,availableredhotinthenailclipverticalpuncturehematomasmallhole,bloodflowsfromtheholes,andthenpastethewoundprotectivetape,canrelievepainandprotectnailsoff.

Sharpinjuriescommonstabwoundsandwounds.Whenthehandwasstabbed,shouldfirstseewhetherPierce,ifthereisapiercingwhenItriedtopickout,handsclenchedthewoundis,withaneedlepokeskinburnedoralcoholdisinfection,pickoutthepiercing.Whentheknife,willcausebleedingorevencompletelyhandfracture,accordingtotheemergencytreatmentoftrauma,

Afteralongperiodofbleeding,boththeradialandulnararteriesonbothsidesofthewristareforcedtoreducethebleedingandthenbandagethem.Thebandageshouldbeslightlyforcedtoachievethepurposeofhemostasis,thatis,pressurebandaging.

Inordertopreventwoundinfection,preferablycoatedwithmercurochrome,wounddressingsshouldbedisinfected,canusesterilizedsanitarytowelwipehandsbeforethemeal.

Undernormalcircumstances,smallhandinjurieswillhealinfourorfivedays,andiftheswellingdoesnotsubsideorfester,youshouldgotothehospitalformedicaltreatment.

Dailyinjuryfirstaid

-source:Xi'anEveningNews

trauma

Stopbleedingimmediatelywhenbleedingorbleedingoccurs.Thesoftclothcanbeusedtopressthewound,andifitdoesnotstop,usethecompressionstoppoint.Donotusecotton,toiletpaperandointmentwipethewound,especiallyinthehead,chestandabdominalinjuries,cancausetheinfection.Ifthewoundisdeepenough,thereisariskoftetanus.ThedoctorshouldbetreatedappropriatelyandTetanusAntitoxinshouldbeinjected.

Steponaneedleornail

Don'tpanic,carefullypullouttheneedleornailthatisinsertedintothemeat.Becausethewoundissmallanddeep,themosteasytofester,shouldsqueezesomebloodouttodisinfect.Iftherearestillforeignremains,themeatisbesttobedeterminedbyX-rayandTetanusAntitoxin.Whentheironnailsbreak,donotthrowouttheremovedpartsandletthedoctordetermineifthereisanyresidueleft.

fracture

Ifthereisafracture,donotmovearoundordootheractivities,anddonottrytobendthefracturesiteatwill.Ifthebrokenbonesareexposedandbleeding,theyshouldbetreatedimmediatelywithtraumaandhemostasis.Fracturesofthehandsandfeetcanbesecuredbyasmallsplint.Fracturesoftheneck,spine,andwaistallowtheinjuredtolieontheboard,andthenuseacushionortoweltotieupthewound.Handlingthewounded,shouldbefixed,inordertoensurethesafetyintheprocessofhandling.

Dislocationofjoint

Thedislocationofthejointisfixedintothemostcomfortableposition,nottotakeoutpartoftheoriginalline.Theremaybecomplicatedwithfracturedislocation,shouldacceptthedoctor'sdiagnosisandtreatmentasearlyaspossible.

Acutesprain

Bandagewithcoldwet,shouldpayattentiontospraincancausefracturephenomenon.Footsprain,limbelevationshouldbe.Severeswellingpainduringexercise,significantincreaseorecchymosis,fracturemayoccur.Whenmoving,donotmovetheaffectedpart,thentransportitafterbeingfixed.Theinjuredwillnotimmediatelyafterbathormassagetorest,painandswellingsubsidedgraduallytotheaffectedpartofactivities.(LiuYuansheng)

Becarefulwithmedicationwhendealingwithtrauma

-source:39HealthNetwork

Thewarmweather,peoplewearless,moreactivities,therewillbesomebumps,scratchtheskin,jointsprain,thenmanypeoplewillbeusedinsomemedicinerubthesurfaceofskin.Butdifferenttrauma,treatmentmethodsaredifferent,butalsointhemedicationshouldpayattentiontotaboos,otherwise,notonlycannotpromotewoundhealing,butmayexacerbatetheinjury.

Contusionismainlycausedbydirectviolence,suchascrushinjury,impactinjury,fallinjuryofsofttissue,etc..Acoldcompressmaybeappliedintheearlystageofthecontusion.Iftheexudateissevere,themixtureischangedtohotcompress.Inaddition,itshouldbetreatedwithover-the-counteranalgesicsorexternalfixation.Abrasionsarecausedbyseverefrictionbetweentheskinandroughmaterial,resultingindamagetothesurfaceandevendermis.Intheearlystagesofabrasion,salineorantisepticshouldbeusedtocleanwounds,andtopicalnonprescriptiondrugsareusedtopreventinfection.

IntheuseoftraditionalChinesemedicine,weshouldpayattentiontoexternaluseofdrugsshouldnotbetakenorally.Beforeapplyingexternalmedicine,thewoundshouldbecleanedtopreventinfection.

Oralmedicationiscontraindicatedinpregnantwomenandpatientswithliverandkidneydysfunction.Oralmedicationshouldbeusedcarefullyforchildren.Peoplewithskinallergiesshouldbeforbiddentousethiskindofmedicine.

IntheuseofWesternmedicinesuchastraumamedicationshouldpayattentiontoexternaluseofdrugsshouldavoidcontactwitheyesandothermucousmembranes.Whenpartssuchasburning,itching,swellingandothermedicationshouldbestopped,wash,whennecessarytoconsultaphysicianorpharmacist.LotinBoracicAcidshouldnotbeusedinlargeareas,andshouldnotbeusedininfants.Awoundorwound,suchasoozingofbloodorexudate,

Itisdifficulttoapply,shouldfirstbedrywash,thendressing.Thosewhoareallergictoexternaluseshouldbeforbidden.

Intheuseofsomecommonlyusedtopicaldrugs,butalsopayattentiontothesetaboos:

Iodine:2%iodineforjustboils,skinabrasions,insectbites,innominatetoxicswelling,ringworm,damagedskin,woundsormucousmembranesshouldnotrubwith.5%iodine,usedforskindisinfectionforinjection,rubiodinemustwipewithalcoholtomorethan70%iodine,topreventskinirritation.Butforpeoplewhoareallergictoiodinewithcaution.

Gentianviolet:shouldnotbepaintedontheskin,damagedmucousmembranesandsoon.

Emergencytreatmentoffracture

-source:ahundredLipickmedicine

Withthedevelopmentoftransportation,leadingtolimbfractureopportunitiesareincreasing,accordingtostatistics,thecurrenttrafficaccidentcausedbythetraumaoftheproportionhasaccountedformorethan50%ofallinjuries,andintrafficaccidentinjuryintraumaticbraininjuryandfracturewasthemost,followingabrieftreatmentoffracturesinemergency.

Ajudge,fractureshouldfirstconsiderthecauseofhisinjuries,injuriesandotherreasonsifthetrafficaccident,fallinginjury,machine,generalfractureofagreatpossibilitytoseetheinjured;secondly,iftheabnormalactivityoftheinjuredlimbswelling,obviousfractureisagreatpossibility,suchasfracturehasbeenexposed,theremusthavebeenfracture.Inthecaseofunclearwhetherthereisafracture,shouldbetreatedbyfracture.

Two,closedwound:fractureofpatientswithwounds,shouldimmediatelyclosethewound.Thebestuseofclean,cleancloth,clothingtocoverthewound,andthenclothbandage.Bandageshouldnotbetootight,andshouldnotbetooloose,tootightwillleadtoinjuryoflimbischemiaandnecrosis.Tooloosetoplaytheroleofbandage,butalsocannotplaytheroleofoppressionandhemostasis.Ifthereisafractureattheendoftheexposure,becarefulnottoputthefracturebackinplace,shouldcontinuetoremainexposed,soasnottocausedeepinfection.Iftheendofthefractureisreplaced,itshouldbeindicatedandgiventothedoctorwhenitisremoved.

Three.Hemostasis.Methodhas:

Hemostasisbyhand:iftheamountofbleedingislarge,theupperendofthebleedingshouldbepressedontheadjacentbonyprocessorbackbonebyhand.Withcleangauzecloth,hemostasis,withwidewindingfixedtotheappropriateforcebutnottootight.Don'tstopwithwire,wireandotherthingswithasmalldiameter.Ifthereisatourniquet,thetourniquetcanbeusedtostopthebleeding.Ifthereisnoavailableclothtourniquet.Bleedingintheupperlimb,thetourniquetshouldbeplacedintheupperarm,noton1/3orfossacubitalisplacetopreventdamagetothenerve.Whenthelowerlimbstopsbleeding,thetourniquetshouldbeplacedinthemiddleofthethigh.Itshouldnotbeplacedbelowthethigh,1/3,kneeorupperleg.Placepaddingonthetourniquet.Uppertourniquettime,upperlimbnotmorethan1hours,lowerlimbnotmorethan1.5hours.

Four.Temporaryfixation

Thepositionoftheinjuredlimb:keeptheinjuredlegasfaraspossibleafterinjury,anddon'tpullorcarrythepatient.Fixedequipmentchoice:bestsplint,suchassplintmaterials.Inthemountains,sticksandbranchescanbeused.Infactories,theuseofcardboardormachinehandlescanbeusedinthefield.Intheabsenceofallcases,theuseofselffixation,suchastheupperlimbcanbefixedonthebody,thelowerlimbcanbeusedforcontralateralfixation.Fingerscanbefixedwithadjacentfingers.

Temporaryfixationmethodforcommonfractureofdifferentparts.

Shoulderfracture:theupperarmcanbefixedtothechestside,andtheforearmissuspendedwithaneckstrap.

Upperarmfracture:upperarmfracturecanbefixedbyfrontandbacksplints,bentelbow,suspensionforearminfrontofthechest.Ifthereisnosplint,youcanbendyourelbowandfixyourarmonyourchest.

Forearmandwristfractures:asplintplacedatthebackoftheforearmandwrist.Fixedwindingbandageorcloth,andelbowflexionandforearmsuspensioninthechest.

Hipandthighfracturesplintonupperlimbtraumafromthearmpittotheankle,fixedwoundwithbandages,alsoavailabletogetheronbothsidesofintermediateliner,fixedwithaclothstrap.

Legfracture:theinsideandoutsidesideputsthesplint,theupperendoverkneejoint,thelowerendtotheheel,thenwindingfixed.

Trunkfracture:thewoundedshouldlieontheboard,thebestsupineposition,

Putsandpadsonbothsidestopreventrolling.

Five,thewoundedcarried.

On-sitetransportation

Simplefacialfracture,fractureofupperlimb,aftermakingtemporaryfixed,canhelpthewoundedsoldierleavethespot.

Thelowerextremityjointsbelowthekneefracture,canbeagainstthewoundedleftthescene.

Cervicalfracture:onehandholdingthepillow,thelowerjaw,tomaintaintheneckafterinjuryposition,andtheothertwowereliftingthewaist,back,hipsandlowerlimbs.

Thoracolumbarfracture:onepersonholdstheheadandneck,whiletheothertwosupportthethoracolumbarandbuttocksonthesameside,whiletheotherholdsthelowerextremitiestomaintainthepositionofthespineafterinjury.

Hipandthighfracture:onepersonholdsthewaistandbuttocksinbothhands,andthewoundedarmisusedtoholdtheshoulderandbackoftheambulance,whiletheotherholdsthelowerlimbsofthewoundedmanwithbothhands.

Enroute

Theinjuredshouldbesupineinthecar,ingeneral,disabletheheadlow.Inordertoavoidaggravatingcerebralhemorrhage,brainedema,incaseofcomapatients,shouldbetiltedtothesideofhishead,soasnottovomitinhalationoftrachea,asphyxia.

Theheadshouldbeintheoppositedirectionofthevehiclesoasnottofaintoraggravatethecondition.

Evacuation,ifthepatientislife-threatening,shouldrescuesidewhileevacuation.

Firstaidforfallingaltitude

-source:ahundredLipickmedicine

Fallinginjuryreferstotheinjurycausedbythefallingofthehumanbodyfromtheheightandtheimpactofthehighspeedonthedailyworkorlife,causingthedamagetothehumanbodytissuesandorgans.Morecommoninconstructionandelevatorinstallation,suchashigh-altitudework,usuallywithmultiplesystemsormultipleorgandamage,seriousdeathonthespot.Inadditiontodirectorindirectinjuries,high-altitudefallinginjuriescanbeaccompaniedbycoma,respiratorydistress,palecomplexionandapatheticexpression,whichcancauseextensiveinjuriestothetissuesandorgansofthechest,abdomenandviscera.Falling,footorhipsfirst,externalforcealongthespinetocraniocerebralinjurybyconduction;highbackdown,backorwaistbytheimpact,cancauselumbaranteriorlongitudinalligament,vertebralcrackedorpediclefracturecausedbyspinalcordinjury.Thebrainsteminjuryoftenhastheseriousconsciousnessbarrier,thelightreflectiondisappearanceandsoonsymptoms,alsomayhavetheseriouscomplicationoccurrence.

firstaid

Removethehardobjectsfromtheequipmentandpocketsofthewounded.

Inthehandlingandtransferprocess,neckandtorsoflexionandtorsionornot,shouldmakethespinestraight,ashoulderalegabsolutelyprohibitedmovemethod,oraggravatethecaseofparaplegia.

Theinjuredpartshouldbeproperlybandaged,butitshouldnotbeusedtoblocktheskullbasefractureandcerebrospinalfluidleakage,soasnottocauseintracranialinfection.

Inthemaxillofacialregion,thewoundedshouldfirstkeeptherespiratorytractopen,removethefalseteeth,removethedisplacedtissuefragments,bloodclots,oralsecretions,etc.,andloosentheneckandchestbuttonsofthewounded.Ifthetonguehasbeenfallingororalforeignbodiescannotbeeliminated,theavailable12coarseneedlethyrocricoid,keepbreathing,asearlyaspossiblefortracheotomy.

Compoundinjuriesrequireflatsupineposition,keepairwayclearandunlockcollarbutton.

Peripheralvascularinjuries,morethanthecompressionofthetrunktothebone.Athickdressingshouldbeplaceddirectlyonthewound,andthebandageshouldbebandagedtokeepthebloodcirculationwithoutaffectingthebloodcirculationofthelimbs.Itisofteneffective.Whentheabovemethodisinvalid,thetourniquetcanbeusedwithcare,andinprinciple,theservicetimeshallbeshortenedasfaraspossible.Generally,itshouldbedoneinlessthan1hours.Themarkingshouldbemarkedandthetourniquettimeshouldbemarked.

Rapidinfusionoffluids,supplementedwithbloodvolume,whenrequired.

Sendthehospitalquicklyandsmoothly.

Stabfirstaid

-source:ahundredLipickmedicine

Along,sharpobjectstabsthehumanbodyandcausesastab.Thewoundisusuallysmallanddeepand