一輪復(fù)習(xí)book 7 unit 2希望做某事desiretodosth

Unit

2

Robots1.desire

v.(1)渴望;希望(做某事):desire

to

do

sth.(2)要求某事:desire

sth.(3)要求<請(qǐng)求>某人做某事desire

that…do\should do;

desire

sb.

to

do

sth.我請(qǐng)您立即回信。I

desirean

immediate

answer

of

yours.我們希望有個(gè)好結(jié)果。We

desire

to

have

a

good

result.去請(qǐng)他進(jìn)來。Please

desire

him

to

come

in.

他們要求你馬上回來。They

desire

that

you

should

come

at

once.(2)要求(4)向往的東西n.(1)愿望;欲望(3)食欲;情欲他有強(qiáng)烈的求知欲.He

has

a

strong

desire

for

knowledge

/

to

lear.nmeet

one’s

desirehave\feel

a

great

desire

for渴望at

one’s

desire

照某人的希望滿足某人的欲望2.satisfaction

n.

(

opp.

dissatisfaction)1)滿足;滿意;舒服(at;

with) 2)令人滿意的事物我聽了這個(gè)消息非常滿意.I

heard

the

newswith

great/

much

satisfactio.nsatisfy

vt.satisfied

adj.satisfying

adj.satisfactoryadj.滿足;使?jié)M足

滿意的;滿足的令人滿意的

令人滿意的express

one’s

satisfaction

at/

with對(duì)…表示滿意

find

satisfaction

in對(duì)…感到滿意to

sb’s

satisfaction/

to

the

satisfaction

of

sb.到使某人滿意的程度with

satisfaction滿意地3

test

out

考驗(yàn)Scientists

test

out

theoriesbyexperiment.科學(xué)家靠實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)理論。test

vt.測驗(yàn)；檢驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn)；檢查The

teacher

tested

the

children

ontheirhomework.老師就孩子們的家庭作業(yè)進(jìn)行檢查。4.

Claire

didn’t

want

the

robot

inherhouse,

especially

as

her

husbandwould

be

absent

for

three

weeks,butLarry

persuaded

her

that

the

robotwouldn’t

harm

her

or

allow

her

to

beharmed.克萊爾不想家里有個(gè)機(jī)器人,尤其是她丈夫要離家三個(gè)星期,可是拉里使她相信了機(jī)器人不會(huì)傷害她也不會(huì)允許她受到任何傷害。especially

adv.in

particular

尤其、特別地I

love

the

country,

especially

insummer.辨析:especially

和specially especiallyadv.強(qiáng)調(diào)尤其、特別地、格外地specially

adv.強(qiáng)調(diào)專門地、特意地I

bought

a

present

specially

foryou.

我特地給你買了件禮物。The

ring

is

of

especiallyimportance

to

their

marriage.5.

absentadj.1.缺席的,不在場的(+from)Three

members

of

the

class

wereabsent

this

morning.今天早晨該班有三人缺席。He

is

absent

on

business.

他因事缺席。He

is

absent

from

Hong

Kong.他不在香港。缺少的,不存在的Snow

is

absent

in

hiscountry.他的國家不下雪。茫茫然的,心不在焉的He

looked

at

me

in

an

absent

way.他茫然地望著我。He

had

an

absent

look

on

his

face.他臉上露出心不在焉的神色。vt.

不在;缺席Whydidyou

absent

yourself

fromschool

yesterday?昨天你為何不到校？absent的反義詞是present出席的,在場的How

many

people

were

present

atthemeeting?到會(huì)的有多少人?6.

persuadevt.1).

說服,勸服(+into/out

of)/(+sb.

to

dosth.)Shepersuaded

meintobuying

it.她說服我買下了它。The

salesman

persuaded

us

to

buyhisproduct.那個(gè)推銷員說服了我們買他的產(chǎn)品。2).

使某人相信(+of)/(+that)How

canIpersuade

youof

mysincerity?我怎樣才能使你相信我的誠意呢?We

worked

hard

to

persuade

themthat

we

were

genuinely

interestedintheproject.我們想盡辦法以使他們相信我們確實(shí)對(duì)這一計(jì)劃感興趣。7.bonus獎(jiǎng)金;額外津貼;特別補(bǔ)助The

workers

are

expecting

a

large

Christmas

bonus.工人們期待著在圣誕節(jié)得到一大筆獎(jiǎng)金?！究凇款~外給予的東西,額外的好處[S]Theextratwo-dayholidaywasarealbonus.外加的兩天假期真是額外之所得。紅利;(保險(xiǎn)的)分紅【英】【俚】賄賂take

(the)

alarm

ata

fire

alarma

false

alarmair

alarm8.alarm

n.警報(bào)；驚慌；恐慌火災(zāi)引起很大恐慌.The

fire

caused

much

alarm.give/raise/sound

the

alarm

發(fā)警報(bào);敲警鐘對(duì)…感到吃驚;因…而驚恐火警虛驚一場空襲警報(bào)water

level

alarm

水位警告vt.

使警覺；驚動(dòng)；使驚慌不要驚慌Don’t

alarm

yourself.be

alarmed

at

(the

news)被（那消息）嚇了一跳.be

alarmed

for

(the

safety

of…)放心不下；擔(dān)心（…的安全）完成句子:A

smallboysaw

thesmokeand raised

thealarm

(發(fā)出警報(bào)).

Everybodywasalarmedat

(人人都感到驚恐)the

news

that

war

might

breakout.9.

embarrassvt.:

tocausetofeelashamed,fortableor

anxious

使困惑；使局促不安銷路下降使公司陷于財(cái)政困難.The

decline

of

sales

embarrassed

the

comp.any在生人面前局促不安be/

feel

embarrassed

in

the

presence

of

strangersembarrass

sb.

with

sth./

by

doingsth.做…使某人尷尬/害羞/窘迫不要問隱私，會(huì)讓他們覺得不好意思Don’t embarrass

them

with

(by

asking)personalquestions.your?embarrassedadj.尷尬的，難堪的，害羞的他對(duì)我衣服的評(píng)論使我很尷尬.I

was

embarrassed

by

his

comments

about

myclothes.embarrassingadj.

使人尷尬的；令人難堪的你什么時(shí)候最尷尬？What

hasbeenmost

embarrassing

moment10.

It

was

disturbing

and

frightening

that

he

looked

sohuman.

機(jī)器人如此通人性，這使她覺得心煩和害怕。It

是形式主語，that

引導(dǎo)的句子是這個(gè)句子的主語，

that從句叫主語從句。It

放在句首，真正的主語放

在后面，這是英語的一種常見結(jié)構(gòu)。It

was

clear

that

Claire

had

fallen

in

love

withTony.很顯然，克萊爾已愛上了托尼。帶有that從句的先行詞的結(jié)構(gòu)有一下幾種不同的搭配關(guān)系：It

+

be

+

adj

+

that-clause.It

is

certain

that

William

will

do

well

in

his

exam.威廉肯定會(huì)考的很好。It

+

be

+

n.(ornoun

phrase)

+

that-clause.It

is

a

great

satisfaction

that

she

is

well

again

andcan

go

to

heroffice.她身體回復(fù)了，可以去上班，這真讓人高興It

+

be

+

-ed

participle

+

that

–clause.It

is

said

that

Issac

will pany

his

parents

to

visitEurope.根據(jù)艾薩克將陪父母去歐洲訪問。It

+

seems/happens

…

+

that

–clause.It

seems

that

they

are

in

urgent

need

for

help.好像他們現(xiàn)在急需幫助。11.sympathy n.同情；同感；同情心相關(guān)短語：express

sympathy

for

慰問feel

sympathy

for,have

sympathy

for同情in

sympathy

with

同情；贊成；跟著；和…一致12.overweighta.1.

超重的;過重的[F]n.超重;過重[U]vt.使負(fù)擔(dān)過重,使受壓過重a

small

child

overweighted

with

heavy

schoolbooks一個(gè)被沉重的教科書壓得過重的小孩子過于著重,過于重視13.eleganta.雅致的,優(yōu)美的,漂亮的

Her

writing

waselegant.她的文章優(yōu)美。講究的,精致的(論述等)簡練確切的His

elegant

piece

of

reasoning

impressed

me

deeply.他簡要明確的論證給我留下深刻的印象。14.So

Claire

borrowed

a

pile

of

books

from

the

libraryfor

himtoread,or

rather,scan.于是克萊爾從圖書館借來一堆書給托尼閱讀，或者說給他瀏覽一下。

pile:a

number

of

things

lying

on

top

of

one

another;

an

amount

of

something

that

is

in

a

large

messHe

always

left

books

in

a

large

pile.他總是留下一大堆書。vi.堆起,堆積vt.把......堆起The

fallen

leaves

piled

up.堆積a

pile

of/piles

of=lots

of

成堆的/成批的a

pile

of/

piles

of:

a

lot

ofTherewereapileofmagazinesonthedesk.桌上有一堆雜志。I’vegotpilesofworktodothisevening.今晚我有一大堆工作要做。or

rather:

a

way

of

correcting

something

you

havesaid,

or

making

it

more

exactHe

lives

in

London,

or

rather,he

lives

in

a

suburbofLondon.他住在倫敦，更準(zhǔn)確的說是在倫敦郊區(qū)。15.

pany

v.（

1

）

togo

/

staywithI’d

like

you

to pany

me

to

thesupermarket.What panies

him

is

always

a

dog.（

2

）

to

existat

the

sametime和…一起發(fā)生Lightning

usually panies

thunder.16.

ring

sb.

up

=

call

sb.up=givesb.acall/ring=callsb.on

thetelephone=phone

sb

打電話給某人ringoffthetelephone

掛斷電話call

back=ring

back

回電話17.

Asshe

turnedaround,therestood

GladysClaffern.當(dāng)她轉(zhuǎn)過身去時(shí),格拉雷斯?？死艺驹谀抢?。turn

around同turn

round

轉(zhuǎn)過身turn

around

轉(zhuǎn)身；回轉(zhuǎn)；旋轉(zhuǎn);好轉(zhuǎn),有起色他突然轉(zhuǎn)過身來，看見了我.All

of

a

sudden

he

turned

around/about

and

saw

me.turn

aboutturn

againstturn

awayturn

onturn

offturn

out轉(zhuǎn)身；轉(zhuǎn)向；調(diào)向

背叛；反抗，使對(duì)抗把(臉)轉(zhuǎn)過去；拋棄開（電燈，收音機(jī)，自來水）解雇；關(guān)掉；使失去興趣結(jié)果是；證明是；生產(chǎn)（產(chǎn)品）therestood...此句為存在結(jié)構(gòu),常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有stand,

seemtobe,

happen

to

be,be

likely

to

be,live,

come,

enter,lie等There

happened

to

be

nobodyintheroom.18.

By

the

amused

and

surprise

look

on

herface,

Chaire

knew

that

Gladys

thought

shewas

having

an

affair.

After

all,

she

knewClaire’s

husband’s

name

was

Larry,

notTony.從她臉上驚奇的表情判斷,克萊爾知道拉迪斯認(rèn)為她有外遇,畢竟她知道她丈夫的名字是拉里，

不am是us托ed尼and

surprised

是過去分詞短語，用作定語修飾名詞look。例如：There

is

a

concerned

look

on

the

teacher’sface.

老師臉上帶著關(guān)切的申請(qǐng)by

prep.

此處相當(dāng)于according

to根據(jù),按照By

mywatch

itis

twoo’clock..by的用法：1)“到......時(shí)為止”,其后若跟過去時(shí)間,時(shí)態(tài)多用過去完成時(shí);若跟將來時(shí)間,時(shí)態(tài)多用將來完成時(shí)。By

the

age

of 15,

he

hadtaughthimselfadvancedmaths.到15歲時(shí),他就自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。2)表示時(shí)間時(shí),還有“在……期間,不遲于”的意思。Ihavenoideawhyheoftensleepsby

day.我不知道他為什么常在白天睡覺。Bytomorrow

hewill

behere.他明天就到這兒。3)by作為介詞和副詞,意思還有“在附近,在旁邊,經(jīng),由,依據(jù),通過,用,以……方式”等。There

is

a

mall

table

bythebed.在床邊有一張小桌子。Please

let

me

by.請(qǐng)讓我進(jìn)去。19.affair

暖昧關(guān)系，事情，私通

e.g.Don’t

mind

one’s

own

affaires/business.別管閑事！have

an

affair

with

sb.跟某人有不正當(dāng)?shù)哪信P(guān)系.e.g.She

was

having

an

affair

with

someonewho

has

a

wife（有婦之夫）.It’s

not

my

affair.這不關(guān)我的事．20.

Tony

told

her

and

suggested

that…suggest后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should虛擬He

suggested

that

I

should

goabroad.當(dāng)suggest譯為指出，暗示時(shí)，后面的賓語從句用陳述語氣I

am

not

suggesting

that

you

are

wrong.suggest

doing

sth.建議做～～suggeststh.to

sb.=suggesttosbthat從句給某人提建議e.g.I

suggested

to

him

that

he

should

work

hard.21.

Claire

tried

to

help

once

butwas

tooclumsy.try

to

do盡力做某事try

doing

嘗試著做某事She

tried

washing

her

hair

withanewshampoo.He

didn’t

tryto

lift

it.22.

Shefelloff

a

ladder

and

eventhough

Tony

was

in

the

nextroom,

he

managed

to

catch

herintime.fall

off:decrease

in

quantity

orquality

數(shù)量或質(zhì)量下降

Attendance

at

my

lectures

has

fallen

off

considerably.關(guān)于fall的短語：fallinlovewithsb.

愛上某人fall

apart

破裂,

破碎fall

backon

sb.

/sth.有困難求助某人fallbehindsb./sth.

落后于某人fall

behind

with

拖欠intime:notlate;soonerorlater關(guān)于time的短語：atatimeat

notime一次;每次決不,任何時(shí)候都不all

the

time

一直at

one

time

曾經(jīng)at any

time

隨時(shí),在任何時(shí)候ontime

準(zhǔn)時(shí);按時(shí)23.

She

cried

out

“Tony”

and

thenheard

him

declare

thathedidn’twanttoleave

her

the

nextdayand

that

he

felt

more

than

justthe

desire

to

please

her.她大叫“托尼”,接著她就聽到托尼鄭重地說第二天他不想離開她,并且他感到不僅僅只是想讓她開心。declare

vt.宣布；聲明；表明；說明；宣稱1)declare

+n.

宣告他們將很快宣布選舉的結(jié)果.They

will

declare

the

results

of

the

election

soon.2)declare+n.+(to

be)n./adj.

宣布…為…裁判宣布他為比賽的冠軍.The

judge

declared

him

(to

be)

the

winner

ofthecompetition.我宣布這次會(huì)議開始.

I

declared

this

conference

(to

be)

open.

宣稱；聲稱3)declare

+(that)從句她宣稱她是對(duì)的.She

declared

(that)

she

was

right.

declare

war

on/upon

對(duì)…宣戰(zhàn)聲明贊成declare

against

聲明反對(duì)declare

for

(in

favour

of)4)

申報(bào)(納稅品等)I

have

nothing

to

declare.我沒什么要申報(bào)的。a

way

of

expressing

oneselfI

would

like

to

declare

my

love

foryou.announce:宣布to

tell

a

lot

ofpeople.If I

have

a

birthday

party,

I

want

to辨析:declare與announcedeclare

n.

:宣告,宣布師,她morethan1).后面跟名詞,意為“不只是,不僅僅是”。

Kate

was

more

than

a

teacher.Shealso

did

what

she

could

to

takecare

of

her

pupils.凱特不僅僅是位教還盡其所能照顧她的學(xué)生。Think

and

compareModern

science

is

more

than

alarge

amount

of

information.現(xiàn)代科學(xué)不僅僅是大量的信息。

MytriptoBeijingismorethan

sightseeing.我去北京不僅僅是觀光。2)morethan與數(shù)詞連用,意思是“多于,大于,超過”。Ihaveknownhimformorethan

twenty

years.我認(rèn)識(shí)他已超過二十年了。More

thanten

policemen

turnedupatthespotwheretheaccidenthappened.十多位警察出現(xiàn)在出事地點(diǎn)。3) morethan與形容詞和分詞連用,表示“非常、十分”。They

were

more

than

happy

tosee

us

come

back

from

theexpedition.

看到我們遠(yuǎn)征而歸,他們異常高興。Iam

morethanhappytoacceptyour

invitation.我很高興接受你的邀請(qǐng)。4).morethan與動(dòng)詞連用,對(duì)動(dòng)詞起著加強(qiáng)語氣的作用。Repeated

advertising

will

more

thanincrease

product

sales.多次做廣告意味著增加產(chǎn)品的銷售。5) morethan和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子連用,有否定意義,表示“是……難以……”或“超過了……所能”之義。

The

beauty

of

the

village

is

more

thanIcandescribe.我難以描述那個(gè)山村的美麗。This

problem

is

more

than

achildcansettle.這一問題超出了小孩的解決能力。6)nomorethan意思是“僅僅,不過,只是”。Allhiseducationaddeduptono

more

than

one

year.他接受的所有的學(xué)校教育只有一年。

Theirnewflathasnomorethan60

square

meters.他們的新居只有60平方米。7).

not

more

than表示“至多,不超過”Lying

on

the

ground

was

aschoolboy

of

not

more

than

seventeen.

躺在地上的那個(gè)男學(xué)生最多十七歲。envy

vt.

&

n.

忌妒；羨慕envy+sb.(for

sth.)envy

sb.

sth.

忌妒/羨慕某人某事我真羨慕您！

How

I

envyyou!

他們羨慕我們的成功.They

envied

us

for

our

success.

envysb.

doingsth.

羨慕某人做某事be

in

envy

of

one’s

success羨慕某人的成功envy

at/of

sth.對(duì)某事物的忌妒/羨慕25.leave…alone不管；不打擾；讓…獨(dú)自待著不要?jiǎng)游业臅?Leave

mybook

alone.由我來做吧.Let

me

alone

to

do

it.leave

behind

留下;忘帶;遺留leave

out

省去;排除;遺漏26.

You

cannot

have

women

falling

inlove

with

machines.你不能讓婦女愛上機(jī)器吧。have

sb

doing

sth

讓某人做某事I

won’t

have

him

cleaning

his

bikein

the

kitchen.我不會(huì)允許他在廚房里擦自行車。此舉行還可以表示“教會(huì)；鼓勵(lì)；勸說”。Learn

with

me,

I’ll

have

you

driving

inthree

days.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示的是一個(gè)正在持續(xù)或進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作,即句中的賓語和現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,且分詞表示的動(dòng)作處于持續(xù)狀態(tài)。常用的可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有兩類：1)

表示感覺的動(dòng)詞,如see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe,notice,look

at,listen

to等。2)

部分使役動(dòng)詞,如have,

keep,

get,catch,

leave,

set等Canyouhear

her singing

thesonginthenextroom?Hekeptthecar waitingat

thegate.注意:現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作,不定式主動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過程或即將發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。I

heard

him

playing

the

piano

inthe

next

room.Nowletmehear

youplaythepiano

a

second

time.27.

Asimov

had

both

an

extraordinary

imaginationthat

gave

him

the

ability

to

explore

future

wordsand

an

amazing

mind

with

which

he

searched

forexplanations

of

everything,

in

the

present

and

thepast.阿西莫夫不僅有著超級(jí)的想象力，是他能對(duì)未來世界進(jìn)行探索，而且還有著驚人的智力，是他能對(duì)現(xiàn)在和過去的各種事物作出解釋。Asimov

had

both

an

extraordinary

imagination

andanamazingmind是這個(gè)句子的主要部分,動(dòng)詞不定式toexplorefutureworlds修飾ability,withwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾an

amazing

mind.with

which是“介詞+which(或whom)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，其介詞的選擇是到一定的限制:或與后面的動(dòng)詞或詞組搭配有關(guān)。He

seemed

to

be

looking

for

the

words

with

which

hecouldexpresswhathewasthinkingabout.他好像正在找能表達(dá)他想法的詞語。The

novel

from

which

the

film

has

been

adapted

forchildreniswrittenbyafamous

Americanwriter.這本已改編成兒童電影的小說是一位著名的美國作家寫的。The

car,for

which

I

paid

a

lot

of

money,is

now

outof

date.

我花很多錢買的這輛小騎車現(xiàn)在過時(shí)了。He

is

telling

a

story

of

a

hero,

of

whom

everyone

inthetownisproud.他正在講一個(gè)讓全鎮(zhèn)人都感到自豪的英雄故事。28.Use

a

clear

simple

style

as

if

you

were

writing

toyounger

students

in

your

school.

運(yùn)用簡潔明了的寫作風(fēng)格，就好像你的讀者是你們學(xué)校低年級(jí)的學(xué)生那樣。as

if

就像…似的；仿佛…。常常放在look,

sound,smell,feel,seem

等系列動(dòng)詞的后面。如：Thattreelooksasifitisgoingtofalldown.那棵樹看起來要倒似的。Timsoundsasifhehasacold.蒂姆聽起來像是患了感冒。Thekitchensmellsasifsomethingisburninginit.廚房里好像有什么東西燒著了。有時(shí)，主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而asif引導(dǎo)的從句表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)不符合，則用虛擬語氣。如:Don’ttalktomeasifIwereachild.不要把我當(dāng)做孩子那樣對(duì)我講話。(我已不是孩子了。)TheytreatmeasifIweretheir

ownkid.他們把我當(dāng)做親生孩子那樣對(duì)待。(我不是他們的親生孩子。)GrammarLook at

the

sentences.Mymother

felt

alarmed

whenIhadmyhair

coloured

purple.My

mother

wasalarmed

when

I

had

myhair

coloured

purple.Is

this

a

passive

sentence?Key!Though

the

structure

seems

like

apassive

sentence,

itisnot.

A

passivesentence

indicates

a

passiveactionwhile

this

sentence

describes

asituation

when

someone

has

thefeeling

of

alarm.

“alarmed”is

anadjective

formed

by

v+ed.Discovering

useful

structuresGoover

thepassivevoice1.be+

V+-ed/-en/-tMy

homework

was

eaten

by

the

dog.Thetoyismade

by

hand.The

functions

of

theinfinitive.Except

predicate,

the

infinitive

canfunction

as

subject,

object,predicative,

attribute,

adverbialandobject

compliment.Go

over

the

infinitiveExplanation

of

the

passiveinfinitivetobe+pastparticiple當(dāng)不定式動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。其構(gòu)成形式如：to

be

given,

tobeshut,tobeopenedForexample:She

hates

to

be

laughed

at.(otherslaugh

at

her.

she