2016年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)B級(jí)考試真題與答案

The?revelation?ofhispastledtohisresignation.A.imagination B.disclosure C.confirmation D.recall參考答案：BJensenisdangerousman,andcanbevery?brutal. A.carelessB.cruelC.strongD.hard參考答案：BYou'llhaveto?sprint?ifyouwanttocatchthetrain.A.jumpB.escape C.run D.prepare參考答案：CWeareworriedaboutthis?fluid?situationfullwithuncertainty.A.changeble B.stableC.suitableD.adaptable參考答案：AThenew?garment?fitsherperfectly.A.haircutB.purseC.clothes D.necklace參考答案：CThephobiamayhaveitsrootinachildhood?trauma. A.fearB.joyC.hurtD.memory參考答案：CTheyhavebuiltcanalsto?irrigate?thedesert.A.decorateB.water C.change D.visit參考答案：BHeroveralllanguageproficiencyremainsthatofa?toddler. A.disabledB.pupil C.teenager D.baby參考答案：DThecoastalareahasvery?mild?winter,butthecentralplainsremainextremelycold.參考答案：AThedetailsofthecostumeweretotally?authen A.realB.outstandingC.creativeD.false參考答案：AWeareawareofthe?potential?problems.A.globalB.possibleC.ongoing D.central參考答案：BTheideawasquite?brilliant.A.positiveB.cleverC.keyD.original參考答案：B13.Stockmarketprice?tumbled?afterrumorofariseininterestrate.A.regulated B.increased C.maintainedD.fell參考答案：D14.Thecoursegivesyoubasic?instruction?incarmaintenance.A.coaching B.ideaC.termD.aspect參考答案：A15.AIIhouseswithin100metersoftheseasare?atrisk?offlooding.A.indangerB.outofcontrol C.betweenequals D.inparticular參考答案：A二、閱讀判斷TheTheoryofEveryoneIfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2017,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearsIongerthanhisdoctorsexpected.Whenhewasacollegestudent,doctorsdiscoveredthathehadararedisease.Thisdiseasecausesagradualdisintegration（ 分解）ofthenervecellsinthebraincellsthatregulatevoluntarymuscleactivity.Deathalmostalwaysoccurswithintwoorthreeyears.TodayStephenHawkingcannotwalkorspeak.Hecannotmovehisarmsorhishead.Hecannottasteorsmellanything.AndyetthismanisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity,apositionheldbythefamousscientistIsaacNewtonin1669.HawkingisoftendescribedasthegreatestscientistsinceAlbertEinstein,buttotheworldoutsidescience,heisalsoknownasthemanwhomadescientifictheoryunderstandable.Hisbook,ABriefHistoryofTime,hassoldovereightmillioncopies.Hesaysthatsincehedoesnothavetothinkabouthisbodyordoanyofthethingsothermenhavetoworryabout,suchaswashingthecarorworkingintheyard,hecandedicateallofhistimetothinking.Thisputshimintheperfectpositiontofindtheanswertothequestionthathehasdedicatedhislifeto.Hisquestionis:IsthereacompletetheoryoftheuniverseandeverythinginitDespitehistremendousphysicaldisabilities,hehasalreadymadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesabouttheoriginoftheuniverse,howtheuniverseholdstogether,andhowitwillprobablyend.Hehasalsobeenabletoexplainthesecretsof“blackholes”inspace.Nowheislookingforasetofrulesthateverythinginouruniversemustobey.HecallsittheTheoryofEverything.Hethinksthatsomeonewillhavefoundtheanswerwithinthenext20years.IfStephenHawkingisabletofindhisTheoryofEverything,hewillhavegiventheworldtheopportunitytounderstandthingsthatwillchangethewholenatureofscienceandprobablyalsothewaywelive.16.StephenHawkingwillbe50yearsoldby2017.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：BIfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2017,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanhisdoctorsexpected.17.StephenHawkingsuffersfromararebraindisease.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：A18.StephenHawkingisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：A19.ABriefHistoryofTimeisverydifficultforstudentstounderstand.參考答案：B20.StephenHawkinghasmuchtimetothinkbecausehedoesn'thavetowork.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：A21.StephenHawkinghasspentaroundtenyearsexplainingthesecretsofA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：C22.TheTheoryofEverythingisabouttherulesthateverythingintheuniversefollows.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：A三、概括大意與完成句子Geothermal（地?zé)幔〦nergy1Sinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearth'scenterflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma（巖漿）.Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearth'ssurface.Itoftenremainswellbelowtheearth'ssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearth'ssurfacewhereitwillappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayerofimpermeable（ 不可滲透的）rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.Ifgeothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityingeothermalpowerplants.Afewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-stemreservoirswhichproducesteambutlittleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytoday.Mostcurrentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeither"flash"steamplantsorbinary（雙重的）plants.Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300°to700°Fahrenheit.Thiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthepressureoftheundergroundreservoir,it"flashes"orboilsintosteamAgain,theforceofthissteamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.Areservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300 °Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutitcanstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinbinaryfluid.Thesteamfromthisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.23.Paragraph1 DrysteamplantsBinaryplantsOriginofgeothermalenergyGenerationofelectricityFlashsteamplantsRecyclablewaterandsteam參考答案：C24Paragraph2 DrysteamplantsBinaryplantsOriginofgeothermalenergyGenerationofelectricityFlashsteamplantsRecyclablewaterandsteam參考答案：A25Paragraph3 DrysteamplantsBinaryplantsOriginofgeothermalenergyGenerationofelectricityFlashsteamplantsRecyclablewaterandsteam參考答案：E26Paragraph4 DrysteamplantsBinaryplantsOriginofgeothermalenergyGenerationofelectricityFlashsteamplantsRecyclablewaterandsteam參考答案：FAgeothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder A.theenergytoturnaturbineimpermeablerockoneortwoseparatorsturbineoperatorlittleornowaterhotsprings參考答案：BAdry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith theenergytoturnaturbineimpermeablerockoneortwoseparatorsturbineoperatorlittleornowaterhotsprings參考答案：EFlashplantsproducehotwaterthrough .theenergytoturnaturbineimpermeablerockoneortwoseparatorsturbineoperatorlittleornowaterhotsprings參考答案：C30.Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto theenergytoturnaturbineimpermeablerockoneortwoseparatorsturbineoperatorlittleornowaterhotsprings參考答案：A四、閱讀理解SmartWindowsWindowsnotonlyletlightintocutdownanelectricityuseforlighting,butthelightcomingthroughthewindowalsoprovidesheat.However,windowsarenotsomethingpeopletypicallyassociatewithbeingacuttingedgetechnology.Researchersarenowworkingonnewtechnologiesthatenableawindowtoquicklychangefromcleartodarkandanywhereinbetweeneasily."Ittookusalongtimetofigureoutwhatawindowreallyis,"saysClaesGranqvist.He'saprofessorofsolid-statephysicsatUppsalaUniversityinSweden."It'scontactwiththeoutsideworld.Youhavetohavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworldtofeelwell."So,windowsandnaturallightareimportantforimprovingthewaypeoplefeelwhenthey'restuckindoors.Yet,windowsaretheweaklinkinabuildingwhenitcomestoenergyandtemperaturecontrol.Inthewinter,coldairleaksin.Whenit'shotandsunny,sunlightstreamsin.Allofthissunlightcarrieslotsofheatandenergy.Andallofthisextraheatforcespeopletoturnontheirairconditioners.Producingcoldair,whichcanfeelsorefreshing（使人清新的）,actuallysuckupenormousamountsofelectricityinbuildingsaroundtheworld.Windowshavebeenamajorfocusofenergyresearchforalongtime.Overtheyears,scientistshavecomeupwithavarietyofstrategiesforcoating,glazing（ 用玻璃覆蓋）,andlayeringwindowstomakethemmoreenergyefficient.Smartwindowsgoastepfurther.Theyusesomechromogenic（ 發(fā)色的）technologiesinvolvingchangesofcolor.Electrochromic（電致色的）windowsuseelectricitytochangecolor.Forexample,asheetofglasscoatedwiththinlayersoftungstenoxide（氧化鎢）worksabitlikeabattery.Tungstenoxideisclearwhenanelectricchargeisappliedanddarkwhenthechargeisremoved,thatis,whentheamountofvoltage（ 電壓）isdecreased,thewindowdarkensuntilit'scompletelydarkafterallelectricityistakenaway.Soapplyingavoltagedetermineswhetherthewindowlooksclearordark.6.Oneimportantfeaturethatmakesasmartwindowsosmartisthatithasasortof"memory".Allittakesisasmallshockofvoltagetoturnthewindowfromonestatetotheother.Then,itstaysthatway.Transitionstakefrom10secondstoafewminutes,dependingonthesizeofthewindow.Thedevelopmentofsmartwindowscouldmeanthatmassiveairconditioningsystemsmaynolongerneed."Inthefuture,"Granqvistsays,"ourbuildingsmaylookdifferent."WhichofthefollowingvaluesofwindowsisNOTmentionedTheyletlightintobrightenthehouse.Theyletlightintoheatthehouse.Theyletushavevisualcontactwiththesurroundingworld.Theyletusthinkabouttheoutsideworld.參考答案：DTheexpression"whenitcomesto"inParagraph3isusedto .signalthearrivalofaguest.indicatetherecoveryofconsciousness.showourunderstandingofroduceanewaspectofatopic.參考答案：DAccordingtoParagraph4,smartwindowsarethewindowsthat .arecosted.areglazed.haveseverallayers.canchangecolor.參考答案：DWhichparagraphgivesanaccountofthewayelectrochromicwindowschangingParagraph5.Paragraph3.Paragraph4.Paragraph6.參考答案：AAsmartwindowsissmartmainlybecause .itcanchangeitssize.itcanchangeitsstructure.itcanchangethevoltageofelectricity.ithasasortofmemory.參考答案：DSportsStarYaoMingIfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.At2.26m,heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation（NBA）andholdstherecordasthemosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGames.Butwhatreallystandsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity（ 名氣）.Few,ifany,Chineseathletesareaswell-knownasYaoaroundtheworld.PeopleacrosstheglobearefascinatedwithYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess（ 杰出的才能）alsoforbeingasymbolofinternationalcommerce.WhenYaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdraft（ 選抜），hewasthefirstinternationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.Hisassetsonthecourtareclearenough—noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful（難對(duì)付的人）foropponentsoneitherendofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRocketsorganizationishisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotentialbasketballfansinChina.WhenitwasannouncedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseasonandpossiblytheOlympicswithastressfracture（ 骨折）inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudder（震動(dòng)）spreadacrossChina.Afterconsiderabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethisfootsurgicallytreatedinanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,toofferhisoverburdenedfootmoresupport.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthoughtheestimatedfour-monthrecoveryperiodwillleavehimlittletimetopreparewithTeamChina,YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijingOlympics.Yaowrappedupa10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocessWesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM'sbenefitsalthoughnewresearchfromtheUniversityofRochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfishmayindeedstimulatebonerepair."ThereisnoreasontodismissTCM,"YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing."It'sbeenusedinourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idon'tthinkthatit'sshortonIIscience."Theword"towering"inParagraph1means large.fat.tall.great.參考答案：C37.OpponentsfinditverydifficulttocontrolYaoMingbecauseofhis mobility.assault.defense.celebrity.參考答案：A38.YaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCMtreatmentsbecause hisrightfoothadbeenhurting.hewantedtomakeamorerapidrecovery.thesurgicaloperationhadbeenafailure.hecouldn'taffordallthemedicalexpenses.參考答案：B39.WhichstatementaboutYaoMingisNOTtrueHemissedtheAthensOlympics.HeisanNBAplayer.Hefracturedhisleftfoot.Heisaninternationalfigure.參考答案：A40.Ingeneral,theWesternexperts'attitudetowardsTCMis .indifferent.positive.negative.doubtful.參考答案：DCanyouhearThisWhensomethingcreatesasoundwaveinaroomoranauditorium,listenershearthesoundwavedirectlyfromthesource.Theyalsohearthereflectionsasthesoundbouncesoffthewalls,floor,andceiling.Thesearecalledthereflectedwaveorreverberant(反射的)sound,whichcanbeheardevenafterthesoundisnolongercomingfromthesource.Thereverberationtimeofanauditoriumisdeterminedbythevolumeorinteriorsizeoftheauditorium.Itisalsodeterminedbyhowwellorhowpoorlythewalls,ceiling,floor,andcontentsoftheroom(includingthepeople)absorbsound.Thereisnoidealreverberationtime.Becauseeachuseofanauditoriumcallsfordifferentreverberation.Speechneedstobeunderstoodclearly:thereforeroomsusedfortalkingmusthaveashortreverberationtime.Thefull-soundperformanceofmusicsuchasWagneroperasorMahlersymphoniesshouldhavealongreverberationtime.Thelight,rapidmusicalpassagesofBachorMozartneedareverberationtimesomewherebetween.Acousticproblemsoftenarecausedbypoorauditoriumdesign.Smooth,curvedreflectingsurfacescreatelargereflections.Parallel（平行的）wallsreflectsoundbackandforth,creatingarapid,repetitivepulsingeffect.Largepillars（ 柱）andcornerscancauseacousticshadowsasthesoundwavestrytopassaroundtheobject.Someoftheseproblemscanbesolvedbyusingabsorbersandreflectorstochangethereverberationtimeofaroom.Forexample,hanginglargereflectors,calledclouds,overtheperformerswillallowsomesoundfrequenciestoreflectandotherstopasstoachieveapleasingmixtureofsound.Thispassageismainlyabout soundwavesandtheireffects.thetypesofmusicorchestrasplay.wallsofanauditorium.thedesignofanauditorium.參考答案：DWagneroperasandMahlersymphonieswithfull-soundeffecthave ashortreverberationtime.anintermediatereverberationtime.noreverberationtime.alongreverberationtime.參考答案：DThispassagesuggeststhatagoodauditoriumshould getridofallreflections.nothaveabsorbers.achieveapleasingmixtureofsound.havesmoothsurfaces.參考答案：DLargepillarsandcornersmay makesoundrichandfull.becuresforsoundproblems.besourcesofsoundproblems.functionaseffectivelyasclouds.參考答案：CTheword"acoustic"inthelastparagraphhassomethingtodowith performance.sound.audience.weather.參考答案：B五、補(bǔ)全短文WhatIsaDreamForcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson'smindandemotions.Beforemoderntimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod. (46)TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionofaperson'swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud's.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer. (47)Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson'sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior. (48)Domhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent. (49)Thisisnottrueofwomen'sdreams.Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodernandtraditionalones.CandreamshelpusunderstandourselvesPsychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestionindifferentways. (50)Thedreammayhavemeaning,butitdoesnotmeanthatsometerribleeventwillactuallytakeplace.It'simportanttorememberthattheworldofdreamsisnottherealworld. Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.參考答案：E Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.參考答案：F A.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.參考答案：C A.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.參考答案：A A.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn'tpanic.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.參考答案：D六、完形填空WarmerclimatewillbaketropicalbugsGlobalwarmingcouldcooktropicalinsects,withunpredictableknock-oneffects,sayresearcherswhowarnthatrisingtemperaturesalso (51)tropicalfrogsandlizards(蜥蜴).Temperaturesare (52)toincreasemuchfasterintemperate( 溫和的)andpolar(極地的)regionsthaninthetropics.Bu