專業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)通超星課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫(kù)2023年

專業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)通超星課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫(kù)2023年【簡(jiǎn)答題】Itloadstheoperatingsystemintomemoryandallowsittobeginoperation.

參考答案:

Embedded

operating

systems

are

a

type

of

operating

system

designed

to

run

on

embedded

systems,

which

are

computer

systems

with

a

dedicated

function

within

a

larger

mechanical

or

electrical

system.

These

systems

are

designed

to

perform

a

specific

function,

such

as

controlling

the

temperature

of

a

room,

or

managing

the

engine

of

a

car.

Embedded

operating

systems

are

typically

designed

to

be

lightweight

and

efficient,

with

a

small

footprint

and

minimal

resource

requirements.

They

are

often

built

into

the

firmware

of

a

device

and

are

not

meant

to

be

user-accessible

or

user-modifiable.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Aretheremanytypesofoperatingsystems?Whatisthemostcommonone?

參考答案:

Desktop

operating

systems

(e.g.

Windows,

macOS,

Linux)Mobile

operating

systems

(e.g.

Android,

iOS)Server

operating

systems

(e.g.

Windows

Server,

Linux

Server)Real-time

operating

systems

(e.g.

QNX,

VxWorks)Embedded

operating

systems

(e.g.

FreeRTOS,

uC/OS)

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Howmayinstructionsbeperformed?Whataresequentialinstructions,conditionalinstructionsanditerativeinstructions?

參考答案:

equential

instructionsConditional

instructionsIterative

instructions

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatareembeddedoperatingsystems?Whataretheydesignedtodo?

參考答案:

Embedded

operating

systems

are

specialized

operating

systems

designed

for

use

in

embedded

computer

systems,

which

are

typically

small

and

dedicated

to

specific

tasks.

They

are

often

used

in

devices

such

as

smartphones,

appliances,

and

industrial

machines.Embedded

operating

systems

are

designed

to

be

highly

efficient

and

reliable,

with

a

small

footprint

in

terms

of

both

storage

and

memory

usage.

They

are

typically

tailored

to

the

specific

hardware

of

the

device

they

are

running

on,

making

them

highly

optimized

and

able

to

perform

their

tasks

quickly

and

efficiently.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whataresystemtools(programs)usedto?

參考答案:

System

tools

are

programs

used

to

manage

and

maintain

computer

systems.

They

can

perform

a

variety

of

tasks,

such

as

optimizing

system

performance,

diagnosing

and

fixing

errors,

managing

hardware

and

software

configurations,

monitoring

system

resources

and

network

connections,

and

securing

the

system

from

threats

such

as

viruses

and

malware.

Some

common

system

tools

include

task

managers,

disk

cleanup

and

defragmentation

utilities,

system

information

viewers,

antivirus

software,

and

backup

and

restore

tools.

These

tools

are

essential

for

keeping

a

computer

system

running

smoothly

and

ensuring

the

security

and

reliability

of

data

and

application

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatarethethreelayersofsoftwarepeoplewhousemoderngeneralpurposecomputers(asopposedtoembeddedsystems,analogcomputers,supercomputers,etc.)usuallysee?

參考答案:

Application

software:

This

layer

includes

programs

that

are

designed

to

perform

specific

tasks

or

functions,

such

as

word

processors,

web

browsers,

and

video

games.

Application

software

is

what

most

users

interact

with

on

a

daily

basis.System

software:

This

layer

includes

programs

that

manage

and

control

the

computer's

hardware

and

provide

a

platform

for

running

application

software.

System

software

includes

operating

systems,

device

drivers,

utility

programs,

and

middleware.Firmware:

This

layer

includes

software

that

is

embedded

in

hardware

devices

and

provides

low-level

control

over

the

hardware.

Firmware

is

used

in

devices

such

as

printers,

routers,

and

network

cards.

While

users

may

not

interact

with

firmware

directly,

it

is

essential

for

the

proper

functioning

of

these

devices.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatarethethreemaintypesofproblemserrorsinoperatingsystemscause?

參考答案:

Crashes:

This

occurs

when

the

operating

system

unexpectedly

terminates

a

program,

resulting

in

the

loss

of

unsaved

work.Hangs:

This

occurs

when

the

system

stops

responding

to

user

input

and

appears

to

be

frozen,

requiring

a

restart.Security

vulnerabilities:

These

are

weaknesses

in

the

operating

system

that

can

be

exploited

by

hackers

to

gain

unauthorized

access

to

a

computer

or

network,

steal

sensitive

data,

or

cause

other

damage.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatarethetypicalexamplesofapplicationsoftware?

參考答案:

Word

processors

SpreadsheetsWeb

browsersMedia

playersGraphics

softwareDatabase

softwareGames

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatcantime-sharingsystemsbeclassifiedas?Whatisthedifferencebetweenthem?

參考答案:

Batch

time-sharing

systems

allow

multiple

users

to

share

a

computer's

resources

by

submitting

jobs

(batch

jobs)

to

a

queue.

The

computer

processes

each

job

in

turn

without

user

interaction,

allowing

users

to

run

multiple

programs

simultaneously.

However,

this

type

of

system

does

not

allow

for

direct

user

interaction

with

the

computer

while

the

jobs

are

running.Interactive

time-sharing

systems,

on

the

other

hand,

allow

users

to

interact

directly

with

the

computer

in

real-time,

enabling

them

to

enter

commands

and

receive

immediate

feedback

from

the

system.

This

type

of

system

provides

a

more

responsive

and

interactive

experience

for

users,

but

may

require

more

computing

resources

to

support

the

real-time

interactions.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatdoesadriverdo?

參考答案:

A

driver

is

a

software

program

that

allows

an

operating

system

to

communicate

with

a

hardware

device.

It

acts

as

a

translator

between

the

two,

enabling

the

operating

system

to

send

commands

and

receive

data

from

the

hardware

device.

Without

the

appropriate

driver,

a

hardware

device

may

not

function

correctly

or

at

all.

Different

hardware

devices

require

different

types

of

drivers,

and

manufacturers

typically

provide

drivers

for

their

own

hardware

devices.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatdoesamachinelanguageconsistof?

參考答案:

A

machine

language

consists

of

binary

code,

which

is

a

series

of

0s

and

1s

that

represent

specific

instructions

and

data.

Machine

language

is

considered

the

lowest-level

programming

language

and

is

not

typically

used

by

programmers

to

write

software.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatdoesapplicationsoftwaredo?Whatdothetypicalapplicationsinclude?

參考答案:

Programming

software

is

a

type

of

computer

software

that

is

used

to

write,

debug,

and

test

computer

programs.

It

provides

programmers

with

tools

and

interfaces

that

allow

them

to

create

software

applications

and

systems.Programming

software

includes

several

different

types

of

tools,

such

as

text

editors,

integrated

development

environments

(IDEs),

compilers,

and

debuggers.

Each

of

these

tools

serves

a

different

purpose

in

the

software

development

process.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatdoescomputersoftwareconsistof?Whatdoesitenableacomputertodo?Whatdoestheterminclude?

參考答案:

Computer

software

consists

of

a

set

of

programs,

instructions,

and

data

that

are

used

to

operate

a

computer

and

execute

various

tasks.

It

is

a

collection

of

digital

information

that

tells

a

computer

how

to

perform

specific

functions.Software

enables

a

computer

to

perform

different

types

of

tasksThe

term

software

includes

system

software,

which

controls

the

computer's

hardware

and

provides

a

platform

for

running

application

software.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatdoesplatformsoftwareinclude?

參考答案:

Operating

systems

Device

drivers

Firmware

Middleware

Utility

programsVirtualization

software

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatdoesprogrammingsoftwaredo?Whatdothetoolsinclude?

參考答案:

Text

editorsIntegrated

development

environments

Version

control

softwareDebuggersProfilers

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatdoessystemsoftwaredo?Whatdoesitinclude?

參考答案:

System

software

includes

several

different

types

of

programs,

such

as

operating

systems,

device

drivers,

utility

programs,

and

middleware.

Each

of

these

programs

serves

a

different

purpose

in

managing

and

controlling

the

computer's

hardware

and

software.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatdoesusersoftwareinclude?

參考答案:

Productivity

softwareMedia

softwareCommunication

softwareWeb

browsersGames

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatisasystemcrash?

參考答案:

A

system

crash

refers

to

a

situation

where

an

operating

system

or

application

stops

working

properly

and

becomes

unresponsive,

resulting

in

a

complete

shutdown

or

a

"freeze"

of

the

system.

A

system

crash

can

be

caused

by

a

variety

of

factors,

including

hardware

or

software

failures,

power

outages,

and

malware

infections.

In

some

cases,

a

system

crash

may

result

in

the

loss

of

unsaved

data

or

even

the

corruption

of

important

system

files,

leading

to

the

need

for

system

recovery

or

reinstallation.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatisanoperatingsystem?

參考答案:

An

operating

system

(OS)

is

software

that

manages

computer

hardware

and

provides

common

services

for

computer

programs.

It

acts

as

an

intermediary

between

computer

hardware

and

user

applications,

enabling

the

execution

of

software

programs

and

providing

a

user

interface

for

interacting

with

the

computer

system.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whatmayhappeniftherearesecurityflaws?Whatshouldwedo?

參考答案:

To

address

security

flaws,

operating

system

developers

may

release

security

patches

or

updates

to

fix

vulnerabilities.

It

is

important

for

users

to

regularly

update

their

operating

systems

and

software

to

ensure

they

have

the

latest

security

fixes.

Additionally,

users

should

practice

good

security

hygiene

such

as

using

strong

passwords,

avoiding

suspicious

emails

or

links,

and

backing

up

important

data

regularly.

【簡(jiǎn)答題】Whycantherebeerrorsinthecodeeventhoughtheremaybesometestingbeforetheproductisreleased?

參考答案:

Incomplete

testing:

Testing

can

never

cover

all

possible

scenarios,

so

there

is

always

a

chance

that

some

issues

may

not

be

detected

during

testing.Human

error:

Mistakes

can

be

made

by

developers

during

the

coding

process,

such

as

typos

or

logic

errors,

which

may

not

be

detected

during

testing.Environmental

differences:

The

software

may

behave

differently

in

different

environments,

such

as

different

operating

systems

or

hardware

configurations,

which

may

not

have

been

accounted

for

during

testing.Complexity:

Software

can

be

complex

and

have

many

interactions

between

components,

making

it

difficult

to

detect

all

possible

issues

during

testing.Time

constraints:

Sometimes,

there

may

not

be

enough

time

to

test

thoroughly,

leading

to

the

possibility

of

errors

being

missed.Changes

after

testing:

If

changes

are

made

to

the

code

after

testing,

there

is

a

chance

that

new

issues

could

be

introduced.

【翻譯題】Fontsareusedbycomputerforon-screendisplayandprintersforhardcopyoutput.

參考答案:

字體被計(jì)算機(jī)用于屏幕顯示，打印機(jī)用于硬拷貝輸出。

【翻譯題】Opticalfiberisthinfilamentsofglassthroughwhichlightbeamsaretransmitted.

參考答案:

光纖是光束通過(guò)其傳輸?shù)募?xì)玻璃絲。

【翻譯題】Anintranetisaprivatenetwork.Therearemanyintranetsscatteredallovertheworld.

參考答案:

內(nèi)網(wǎng)是私有網(wǎng)絡(luò)。有許多內(nèi)部網(wǎng)分布在世界各地。

【翻譯題】Onthecomputerscreen,afoldermostoftenlookslikeayelloworbluepaperfilefolder.

參考答案:

在電腦屏幕上，文件夾通?？雌饋?lái)像一個(gè)黃色或藍(lán)色的紙質(zhì)文件夾。

【翻譯題】Onthecomputer,therearetwobasictypesofitemsthatneedtobeorganized.

參考答案:

在計(jì)算機(jī)上，有兩種基本類型的項(xiàng)目需要進(jìn)行組織。

【翻譯題】Onceyou'veencodedyoursourcecontent,theprocessofcreatingstreamingmediaiscomplete

參考答案:

一旦你對(duì)源內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了編碼，創(chuàng)建流媒體的過(guò)程就完成了

【翻譯題】Syntactically,adomainnameconsistsofasequenceofnames(labels)separatedbyperiods(dots)

參考答案:

從語(yǔ)法上講，域名由一系列名稱(標(biāo)簽)組成，這些名稱(標(biāo)簽)由句號(hào)(點(diǎn))隔開(kāi)。

【翻譯題】Whenyoutypethingsonthekeyboard,thelettersandnumbersshowuponthemonitor.

參考答案:

當(dāng)你在鍵盤上打字時(shí)，字母和數(shù)字就會(huì)顯示在顯示器上。

Howmanymainsectionsdoesageneral-purposecomputerhave?Whatarethey?Andhowaretheyinterconnected?

參考答案:

The

computer

is

composed

of

five

logical

components,

such

as

operator,

controller,

memory,

input

device

and

output

device.

InaPC,whatdoesthespecializedprogramcalledBIOSdo?

參考答案:

input

output

Pleaselistthefunctionsofthecontrolsystem.

參考答案:

The

control

system

includes

display,

start,

stop,

protection,

alarm

and

other

functions.

WhatarethetwoclassesofoperationsALUiscapableofperforming?

參考答案:

Perform

arithmetic

and

logical

operations

Whatarethetwoprincipalvarieties

ofcomputermainmemory?

參考答案:

RAM

ROM

Whatcanacomputer'smemorybeviewedas?Whatdoeseachofthemhave?

參考答案:

and

or

not

Whatis1/O?

參考答案:

usually

refers

to

the

input

and

output

of

data

between

internal

memory

and

external

memory

or

other

peripheral

devices.

Whatisthecontrolunitoftencalled?

參考答案:

CPU

WhyisthesoftwarethatisstoredinROMoftencalledfirmware?

參考答案:

It

is

a

solid-state

semiconductor

memory

that

can

only

read

the

data

stored

in

advance.

翻譯題：Adatabasemanagementsystemhandlesuserrequestsfordatabaseaction.

參考答案:

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)處理用戶對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作的請(qǐng)求。

翻譯題：AftertheSovietlaunchoftheSputniksatellitein1957,theUSmilitarysetuptheAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencytofundresearchinthingssometimesonlyvaguelyrelatedtomilitarymatters.

參考答案:

1957年蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射斯普特尼克衛(wèi)星后，美國(guó)軍方成立了高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃局，資助那些有時(shí)與軍事關(guān)系模糊的研究。

翻譯題：Ananti-virusprogramthathasn'tbeenupdatedforseveralmonthswillnotprovidemuchprotectionagainstcurrentviruses.

參考答案:

一個(gè)幾個(gè)月都沒(méi)有更新的反病毒程序?qū)Ξ?dāng)前的病毒并不能提供太多的保護(hù)。

翻譯題：Cisoneofthemostpopularcomputerlanguagesintheworld.

參考答案:

C語(yǔ)言是世界上最流行的計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言之一

翻譯題：Cmightbestbedescribedasa"mediumlevellanguage".

參考答案:

C語(yǔ)言最好被描述為一種“中級(jí)語(yǔ)言”。

翻譯題：Everybrowserhasthebuilt-inabilitytounderstandHTML.

參考答案:

每個(gè)瀏覽器都有理解HTML的內(nèi)置功能

翻譯題：Floppydiskmaybedouble-densityorhigh-density.

參考答案:

軟盤可以是雙倍密度或高密度。

翻譯題：Formobileusers,firewallsallowremoteaccessintotheprivatenetworkbytheuseofsecurelogonproceduresandauthenticationcertificates.

參考答案:

對(duì)于移動(dòng)用戶，防火墻允許通過(guò)使用安全登錄過(guò)程和身